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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 在英语中通常用以下方式表示的词:在形容词或副词前加more如 more natural, more clearly 或加后缀-ernewer, sooner ；典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加；英语句子中, 将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型 ”；其中, 像“ A比 B 更 ” 的表达方式称为比较级； 而“ A最 ” 的表达方式就称为最高级；组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化 成比较级或最高级的形状；一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规章1一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow 结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面
2、加 -est；（1）单音节词 如： small smaller smallest shortshorter shortest talltallertallest greatgreater greatest（2）双音节词如： clever cleverer cleverest narrownarrower narrowest2以不发音 e 结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st；如： large larger largest nicenicer nicest ableabler ablest3在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加
3、-est；如： big bigger biggest hothotter hottest fatfatterfattest4以 “辅音字母 y” 结尾的双音节词,把 y 改为 i,比较级加 -er,最高级加 -est；如： easyeasier easiest heavyheavier heaviestbusybusier busiest happy happier happiest5其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；如： beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifferentmore differentmost di
4、fferenteasily more easily most easily留意：（ 1）形容词最高级前通常必需用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用；例句：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. （2） 形容词 most 前面没有 the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示 特别 ；It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 6有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规章的,必需熟记；better best 如： goodbetter best well badwors
5、eworst illworseworst old older/elderoldest/eldest many/muchmoremost littleless least furthest/farthest far further/farther 二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1“ A + be +形容词比较级+ than + B ” 意思为 “ A比 B 更 ” ；如： This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高；留意： 在含有连词 than 的比较级中,前后的比较对象必需是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的 比较；在比较级前面使用much,表示程度
6、程度“强得多 ”；如： A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - very, quite 一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级；2“ 比较级 + and + 比较级 ” 或“ more and more +原级 ”表示 “ 越来越 ”如： It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了,天气变得越来越温和了；It is getting cooler and cooler. 天气越来越凉
7、快；The wind became more and more heavily. 风变得越来越大；Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越漂亮；3在含有 or 的挑选疑问句中,假如有两者供挑选,前面的形容词要用比较级形式；如： Who is taller,Tim or Tom. 谁更高, Tim 仍是 Tom. 4. “ the + 比较级 , the+ 比较级 ” ,表示 “ 越 越 ” ；The more money you make, the more you spend. 钱你赚得越多,花得越多；The soo
8、ner,the better. 越快越好；5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：. A is times the size /height/length/width of B.如： The new building is three times the height of the old one. 这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍；新楼是旧楼的四倍高 . A is times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如： Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大；亚洲比欧洲大三倍 . A is times larger /hig
9、her/longer/wider than B. 如： Our school is twice bigger than yours. 我们学校比你们学校大两倍；6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“ 最 ” 的意思；句子中有表示范畴的词或短语；如：如： He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的；of the three, in our class 等等；7.否定词语 +比较级 ,否定词语 + so as结构表示最高级含义；Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier
10、 than this. =This is the easiest thing. 8. 比较级与最高级的转换：Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class 7.修饰比较级和最高级的词 1）可修饰比较级的词 .a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等；. 仍可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰
11、语；. 以上词 除 by far 外,必需置于比较级形容词或副词的前面；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 留意：使用最高级要留意将主语包括在比较范畴内；错 Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. 对 Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2以下词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost ；This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 留意：a. ver
12、y 可修饰最高级,但位置与 much 不同；This is the very best. This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级；Africa is the second largest continent. 8.要防止重复使用比较级；错 He is more cleverer than his brother. 对 He is more clever than his brother. 对 He is cleverer than his brother. 9.要防止将主语含在比较对象中；错 China is larger that any country
13、in Asia. 对 China is larger than any other country in Asia. 10.要留意对应句型,遵循前后一样的原就；The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 11.要留意冠词的使用,后出名词的时候,前面才有可能出名词；比较： Which is larger, Canada or Australia. Which is the larger country, Canada or
14、Australia. She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. 三.典型例题 1） - Are you feeling _. - Yes,Im fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 答案： B. any 可修饰比较级,quite 修饰原级, well 的比较级为better. 2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A. more B.
15、 much more C. much D. more much 答案： C. much 可修饰比较级,因此B,C 都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此 C 为正确答案；3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time 答案： D；比较级和最高级的用法1.两者相比（甲 =乙）,用 “as+原级 +as ”表示 Tom is as
16、 tall as Mike. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2.两者相比（甲乙）,用 “not asso +原级 +as ”或“less than 表示”I didnt do my homework soas carefully as you.The picture is less attractive than that one. 3.两者相比（甲乙） ,用 “ 比较级 +than ”表示Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country
17、. 留意： 1 为了防止重复,在从句中常用one, that, those 等词来代替前面提过的名词；The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory. 2比较等级应留意防止和包括自己的对象比；比较级 +than+ any other + 单数名词 all the other + 复数名词 anyone else any of the other + 复数名词3）假如形容词作定语修饰一个单数可数名词,一般将不
18、定冠词 Our neighbour has _ ours. A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. house the same big as a/an 放在形容词之后；4）比较级前一般不用冠词,但如表示“ 两者中较 时”；比较级前要加定冠词；如比较级后出名词,常在比较级前加不定冠词,表示泛指；E.g. 他是两者中较高的一个He is the taller of the two. 她唱得真悦耳！我可从未听过比这更好的嗓音了；How beautifully she sings. I have ne
19、ver heard a better voice. 4. 三者或三者以上相比,表示最高级时, 用“the +最高级 ”的结构表示, 这种句式一般常有表示比较范畴的介词短语；Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works the hardest in his class. That was the least exciting football game Ive ever watched.This hotel is the most comfortable Ive ever stayed.留意：当最高级的前面无限定词 the 或有不定冠词 a/an
20、 时,仅表示 “ 很 ,特别 ”Monday is my busiest day. 星期一是我很忙的一天；Qingdao is a most very beautiful coastal city. 青岛是一个特别漂亮的海边城市；比较级的一些其他用法1 倍数表示方法a 倍数 +as+形容词 /副词原级 + as b 倍数 +形容词 /副词比较级 +than c 倍数 + the + n. + of 名师归纳总结 This rope is three times longer than that one. （这条绳子比那条长三倍；）第 4 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料
21、- - - - - - - - - This rope is three times as long as that one.（这条绳子是那条绳子的三倍；）This rope is three times the length of that one. （这条绳子比那条绳子长三倍；）2 用形容词比较级的否定形式,从反面来表示最高级,通常译为No other book has a greater effect on my life. 没有哪一本书比这本书对我的影响更大的了；=This book has the greatest effect on my life. 考例：Go for a pic
22、nic this weekend, OK. -_. I love getting close to nature. A.I couldnt agree moreB. Im afraid not.C.I believe not D.I dont think so.3 more and more 越来越 Our city is getting bigger and bigger. Our city is getting more and more beautiful. 4 the more the more 越就越 The more you study, the more you know. Th
23、e busier the old man is, the happier he feels. “ 没有比 更 ”The more intelligent students are, the more quickly they understand ideas. 5 可用以下词来修饰形容词的比较级 much a lot slightly a little almost far a bit still 课时五 祈 使 句祈使句指的是表示命令、恳求、建议或劝说的句子；其主语you 常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号, 读降调； 1. 确定的祈使句 （1）动词原形 +其他 Stand up,
24、please. = Please stand up. 请起立； （2）Be + n./adj. Be a good boy. 要做一个好孩子 . Be careful. = Look out. = Take care. 当心 / 当心！（3）Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分Let me help you. 让我来帮你；Let s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧；2. 否定的祈使句 1 Dont + 动词原形 Dont stand up. 别站起来；Dont be careless. 别马虎；Dont let them play with fire.
25、别让他们玩火；（2）Let 型的否定式有两种 :“ Dont + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“ Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分” ；Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走；Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火；（3）no 开头 ,用来表示禁止性的祈使句；No smoking. 禁止吸烟.No fishing. 禁止钓鱼 . 3. 祈使句的强调形式,通常在确定祈使句式前加上助动词 Do；例如： Do shut up. 快住口！4. 祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生
26、的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用 will 或 wont；在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要留意两点：1 形式一样 即 Yes 与 will 保持一样； No 与 won t 保持一样 2 意思相反 即 Yes 是 “ 不” 的意思；No 是 “ 是” 的意思 ；在回答时,要留意分析上下文语境中所供应的条件；如： - Don t go out, please. Its raining heavily outside. 请不要出去；外面雨下得很大；- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行,我得去机场接我弟弟；5. 祈使句
27、的反意疑问句 1 确定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用 will you 或 wont you ；Please open the door, will/ won t you. 请把门打开,好吗？2 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用 will you；Dont be late again, will you. 别再迟到了,行不行？3 以 lets 开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用 shall we；Lets turn on the TV, shall we. 我们把电视打开,好吗？ 只有以lets 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we,而 let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的
28、反问部分应为will you 或 wont you. 如：Let us stay here, will/ wont you. 请（你） 让我们留在这好吗？名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一、单项挑选：名师归纳总结 1. Please _, theyre having a meeting.s go第 6 页,共 11 页A. not be so noisy B. be quite C. mustn t talk D. no speaking2. _ to meet me at the station. Ill be
29、 waiting there.A. Not to forget B. Not forget C. Forget not D. Don t forget 3. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _.A. won t we B. will you C. don t we D. shall we4. Don t smoke in the meeting-room, _. A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you 5. Dont forg et to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
30、 -I _. A. don t B. won t C. can t D. haven t6. If you are tired, _ a rest. A. have B. having C. to have D. had 7. _ me go. It is very important for me. A. Do let B. Let do C. Doing let D. To do let 8. He is not honest. _ believe him. A. Not B. Don t C. To not D. Not to9. _ up early tomorrow, or you
31、cant catch the train.A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Got 10. _ in the street. Its dangerous.A. Not play B. Not to play C. Don t play D. Don t to play11. Please _ me some money, will you. A. lend B. lending C. borrow D. borrowing 12. The film is about to begin. Please _ seated. A. be B. are C. is D. b
32、eing 13. _ down the radio. The babys asleep in the next room.A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn 14. Lucy, _ the door or someone will come in. A. close B. closes C. not close D. is closing 15. _ and play football in the street after lunch. A. Lets not to go B. Lets not go C. Lets don t go D. Not
33、 let16. A sign with the words“_ ” is often found in a bus.A. Not parking B. Not smoking C. No parking D. No smoking 17. _ Chinese in you English class. A. Not speak B. Don t speak C. Speak not D. Don t speaking18 . _ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept 19. If you
34、 want to stay, let me know, _. A. will you B. shall we C. do you D. do we 20. Never come late again, _. A. will you B. won t you C. do you D. does he21. The TV is too loud. Please_. A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it 22. _ late again, Bill. A. Dont to be B. Dont be
35、 C. Not be D. Be not 23. _ cross the road until the traffic lights turns green. A. Not B. Wont C. Doesnt D. Dont 24. Please help me carry it, _. A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we 25. Dont make so much noise, _. A. will you B. wont you C. shall we D. do you 26. Do you know the girl _under
36、the tree. A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood 27. Kate, _ your homework here tomorrow. A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing 28. _ me the truth, or Ill be angry. A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell 29. Ive kept the dog _Maomao for a long time. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. na
37、me B. named C. naming D. to name 30. Dont you know that _ is good for our health. A. swim B. swimming C. swam D. swims 二. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空；1. Its an important meeting. _ not, be late.2. _ not,make any noise. Your mother is sleeping. 3. _ not, speak with your mouth full of food and _ be polite. 4. _ n
38、ot, talk and _ read aloud. 5. _ not,leave your homework for tomorrow, Larry. 6. _ look out. A car is coming. 7. _ give us ten years and just see what our country will be like. 8. _ not, let the baby cry. 9. Wear more clothes or you _ catch a cold. 10. Lets _ not, say anything about it.三、句型转换11. Will
39、 you please read it again more slowly. （改为祈使句）_ _ again more slowly, please. 12. If you dont listen to me, Ill go. （改为同义句）_ _ me, or Ill go.13. Lets watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句）Lets watch the sports games, _ _. 14. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）_ _careless, ple
40、ase. 15. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）_ _ next to Nancy. 16. Dont forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句）Dont forget to turn off the lights, _ _. 17. If you move, youll die. （改为同义句）_ _, or youll die. 18. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为反意疑问句）Come to my house tomorrow, _ _. 19. 这是一个坏了的被子；（
41、翻译句子）This is a _ _. 20. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧；（翻译句子）Let s go and help the _ _, please.课时七 一般将来时一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作,事情或存在的状态,也表示将来常常或反复发生的动作或事情1）will/shall+ 动词原形 shall 用于第一人称, 常被 will 所代替； will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求看法常常用于其次人称；will not=wont shall not=shant 例如：Which paragraph shall I read first ？ 我先读哪一段呢？Will
42、you be at home at seven this evening. 今晚七点回家好吗？2） be going to + 不定式,表示将来；a. 主语的意图,即将做某事；例如：What are you going to do tomorrow. 明天准备作什么呢？b. 方案,支配要发生的事； 例如：The play is going to be produced next month ；这出戏下月开播；c. 有迹象要发生的事；例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了；3） be +不定式表将来, 按方案或正式支配将发生的事；例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六争论这份报告；4） be about to + 不定式,意为立刻做某事；例如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京；留意： be about to do 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用；Notice:be to 和 be going to be to 表示客观支配或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的