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1、新课标高三第二轮专题讲解动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词, 在历年高考题中动词所占比例最大。设题时给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及其短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类(一)实义动词1.按性质分实义动词又分成及物动词和不及物动词,表示动作或状态,在句中独立做谓语。及物动词后须跟宾语;不及物动词不跟宾语。例: What did you think of her speech? She _for one hour but didnt _ much. A. spoke; speak B. spoke; say C. s
2、aid; speak D. said; say 注意:英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的,有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。It is important for you to learn how to learn. 第一个 learn 是及物动词,后面有宾语how to learn;第二个learn 是不及物动词。不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词。He is working hard at English. 2.按时限分实义动词又分成延续性动词和非延续性动词(短暂性动词)延续性动词动作可以延续,可以与一段时间连用。 如: live, study, w
3、ork, stay, keep, have等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 42 页非延续性动词 (短暂性动词) 动作瞬间完成, 不能与一段时间连用。如:finish, come, open, bring, buy 等。例: The evening news comes on at seven o clock and _ only thirty minutes. A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts 【解析】 答案为 D。根据后面的时间状语“only thirty min
4、utes” 先排除“ finish”为瞬间动词; keep“保留,保存” ;continue 意为“继续” ; last 意为“持续,继续”,根据题意“晚间新闻每天7:00 开始,持续30 分钟。 ”可知,正确选项为D。(二)连系动词连系动词可以细分为以下几类1.表示“是”的be 动词,根据主语有各种形式;2.表示“感觉”的连系动词。如:look, feel, smell, taste, sound 等;3.表示“变得、变成”的连系动词。如become, turn, get, grow, go, fall, come 等;4.表示“结果”的连系动词。如turn out, prove 等;5.表
5、示“仍然”的连系动词。如remain, stand, stay, keep等;6.表示“似乎、好像”的连系动词。如seem, appear, look 等。注意:绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词,在解题时要正确区分,否则就会出错。请看下列这道选择题:good, the food has been sold out. A. Tasted B. Having been Tasted C. Tasting D. To taste 【解析】答案为C。本题考生如果把taste当成实义动词去理解的话,就会误选A 或B。其实 taste在本句中是连系动词,应该选C 才对 =Because the food ta
6、stes good, (三)助动词本身无词义,不能独立作谓语。用来表示否定,疑问,时态等语法形式。助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语), 常见的有: be(am, is, are, was, were),do(does, did), have(has/had), will, would, shall, should等。(四)情态动词本身有一定意义,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。没有人称和数的变化,常用来表示说话人的语气和情态。 常见的有 can(could), may(might), must, shall (should), will, would, ought to, 精选学习资料 - -
7、 - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 42 页dare, need等等。注意:以上四类动词都有交叉的地方。如“do, have”既可以作实义动词又可以作助动词; “be”既可以作连系动词又可以作助动词;“dare, need”既可以作实义动词又可以作情态动词。1.动词 +副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类Please turn off every light in the house. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后
8、, 人们都已离去, 哈里出现了。(不及物)注意:如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。She gave them away.她把它们送掉了。 同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。break out 爆发break up 打碎;分解break down 出毛病;抛锚;分解;崩溃Don t be so discouraged. If yousuch feelings, you will do better nex
9、t time. A. carry on B. get backC. break down D. put away 【解析】 答案为 D。carry on 意为“开展、 进行” ;get back 意为“取回, 拿回”;break down 意为“分解、崩溃”。put away 除了有“把收起、放好”的意思外还有“储存、抛弃、放弃”的意思。句意:别那么垂头丧气的。如果你抛弃这种情绪(而振作起来),下次你就会做得更好。I was still sleeping when the fire _,and then it spread quickly.A. broke out B. put out C.
10、came out D. got out【解析】答案为A。break out 意为“发生”符合题意;put out 意为“扑灭”;come out意为“出版、出现、出来”; get out 意为“ (拿)出来” 。句意:火灾发生时,我还在睡觉,然后火势很快蔓延开来。2.动词 +介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词Im looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 42 页注意:当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。look aft
11、er 照料, look at 看, look for 寻找Once a decision has been made ,all of us should _A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to 【解析】答案为B。stick to 意为“坚守(规则、诺言等)”It s the present situation in poor areas that _much higher spending on education and training. A. answers for B. provides forC. calls for D. p
12、lans for 【解析】答案为C。call for 意为“要求” ;answer for 意为“负责” ;provide for 意为“供养,为做好准备”;plan for 意为“为作计划/打算”。3.动词 +副词 /名词 /反身代词 +介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。I don t _rock n roll. It s much too noisy for my taste. A. go after B. go away withC. go into D. go in for 【解析】答案为D 。g
13、o in for 意为“喜欢”;go after 意为“追求” ;go away with 意为“随身带走” ;go into 意为“从事、参加” 。Why do we have to _Joan s selfish behavio r? She should learn to care for others. A. keep up with B. catch up with C. put up with D. come up with 【解析】答案为C。keep up with 意为“跟着、跟上” ;catch up with 意为“赶上”;put up with 意为“忍受” ;come
14、up with 意为“想出、提出” 。You can t imagine what difficulty we had _home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 【解析】 答案为 D。考查“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”短语的变式运用。 “ difficulty”在句中充当了先行词,其后为定语从句。She devoted herself _ the problems of the teenagers. A. in studying B. at studying C. to s
15、tudy D. to studying 【解析】答案为D。devote oneself to意为“专心,致力于,献身”。 “to”为介词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 42 页附录:近几年高考重点考查的动词短语1.以 a开头的动词为中心的词组adapt to/adjust to 适应agree about对有相同的看法。agree on就达成协议;agree to 同意,赞成(观点,看法等);agree with 同意某人意见(接sb.);与相适应/ 一致;appeal to 向呼吁,恳求;诉诸;求助于appeal to
16、 吸引apply for 申请;请求apply to 适用于;向申请( 或要求 )attachto将系在;使隶属/ 附属于,将缚在attach importance to 关注,注重attach to 粘贴be admitted to/into 获准进入,被录取be absorbed in 埋头于,专心于be accustomed to(=get used to=be used to)习惯于 be addicted to 沉迷于 /沉溺于,迷恋2.以 break 为中心的词组break away from 脱离,逃离,打破break down vt. 破坏,粉碎,瓦解;vi.出故障,抛锚;衰弱
17、break in 闯进,打断;使顺服break into(后面要接宾语)闯入;强行进入break off 打断,断绝,折断,突然终止break out 爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚break up vt.开垦,破碎;解散,分解;vi.结束;断绝关系, (婚姻关系)破裂break through 突破,克服,挤过去3.以 build 为中心的词组build on / upon 建立在上,依赖,指望build up增强,增加,增进;建成,振兴精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 42 页4.以 bring 为中心的词组bring a
18、bout 导致,引起,促使bring back 带回,使回忆,使恢复bring down 使下降,浓缩,收缩,击落bring out 拿出,公布,发表,出版,生产bring up 抚养,养育,培养,使停止5.以 call 为中心的词组call at 访问(某地) ,停泊在care about 关心,在乎call for 需要,要求,接(某人),call in 召集,收集,请入,引入call off 取消,下令停止call on 拜访(某人),号召call out 大声喊,唤起call up 打电话给;召集; 使想起6.以 come 为中心的词组come about 发生;改变方向come ac
19、ross偶然碰到;想起;越过;偿付come back 回来;恢复;复原come down 倒下;降落;跌落;病倒come into being 发生,产生,出现,形成come into power 开始执政,当权,当选come into effect/ force 开始生效,开始实行come into existence 形成,产生,开始存在come into fashion 开始流行come into operation 开始运转,实施,生效come into use 开始使用,获得应用come on 快点;振作起来;请;来吧;跟着来;快点; come out 出现;出版come out w
20、ith 说出,提出精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 42 页come over 从远方 (或克服障碍后)过来 ;顺便来访come to 苏醒 ,复原 ,共计 ,达到 ,归结于 ,渐渐,说到 /提及到come to an agreement 达成协议come to a conclusion 得出结论come to a decision 作出决定come to an end 终止,结束come to a stop 结束,停止,停顿,come to an understanding 取得谅解when it comes to就而论
21、,谈到come to know/realize/understand 开始了解到 /意识到 /明白come to life 苏醒,栩栩如生come to light 明朗化,出现,显露出来come to oneself 苏醒come up with 跟上;想出;提出7.以 get 为中心的词组get across度过,通过,横过;说服,使被理解get along 前进,进步;同意;离去,相处get along/on with 与相处get away 离开,逃脱,出发,开始度假get away from 逃离get back 取回,回来;报复get down 记下,写下get down to 着
22、手处理,认真对待;静下心来get in 插话,收割,收获get into/out of debt 欠债 /不欠债get off 送走;脱下(衣服) ;下车;动身get on 上车get out 出去,离开;逃脱;泄露;摆脱;拿出来;说出get over 越过;恢复,痊愈;克服;完成get rid of 除去,去掉;免除,摆脱精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 42 页get through 拨通,到达,完成,通过;及格get to 到达get up 起床,起立8.以 give 为中心的词组give away 赠送;牺牲;泄露
23、;颁发give in 屈服,让步,投降give off 发出(烟,气味)give out vt. 分发;公布;发出;使筋疲力尽;vi. 用完give up 放弃;停止9.以 go 为中心的词组go /come to sb. s rescue 去/来援救某人go away 走开;离去; (岁月 )流逝;go back to 追溯至go by 经过,过去go on 继续,接下去go out 出去,熄灭,离开,下台,退休go over 审查,复习,重温从头到尾检查一遍go up 上升,上涨,攀登10.以 hold 为中心的词组hold back 阻挡,妨碍,控制感情,隐瞒不讲hold down 压制
24、,压低,缩减hold off 耽搁,不接近,离开hold on 继续;坚持,保持;不挂断电话hold out 伸出,提出,支持,主张hold up 举起;竖起;支持;使停滞;提出;阻挡11.以 keep 为中心的词组keep an eye on 照看,留心keep away (from) 不接近,避开,远离keep back 阻止,扣留,隐瞒keep in mind 记住精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 42 页keep off 不接近,远离keep out 使不入内keep pace with跟上,同步调一致keep u
25、p 继续,坚持,保持,维持keep up with跟上 ,与并肩前进keep watch 守望,值班,注意12.以 look 为中心的词组look after 照料,照看look around 东张西望,环顾look at 看,注视 (某人或某物 ) look away from 掉过头去不忍心看look down on/upon 俯视;看不起,轻视look for 寻找look forward to 盼望,期待look into 窥视;调查;浏览look on /upon 旁观;面向look on / upon as把看作look out 向外看;注意;当心,提防look over 从上面看
26、过去;检查,忽略look through look through 透过看去;看穿;浏览,彻底调查look up 查(单词、电话号码等);仰视;涨价look up to 仰望,尊敬13.以 make 为中心的词组make a choice 做出选择make a difference 有差别,有关系,很重要make a fool of 愚弄,欺骗make a will 立下遗嘱make advantages/use of 使用,利用make it 就这么定了;成功;达到某一特定目标精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 42 页m
27、ake oneself understood 让别人理解自己make out 填写;开支票;理解;辨认;弄清楚make the best/ most of 尽量利用;极为重视make up 弥补;修理;赔偿;起草;编造;化装;,配制;占比例14.以 put 为中心的词组put away 把放好,把收拾;储藏;put down 放下;镇压;记下;削减;降落put it 表达put off 推迟,延期;消除;推脱,脱下put on 穿上,戴上,上演,假装,增加put out 熄灭,扑灭;伸出,拿出put together 组装,装配,把凑合起来put up 搭建;张贴;举起,挂起;投宿,留宿put
28、 up with 忍受,容忍;put up 举起,抬起;建立,竖起;张贴;投宿,put through 完成,(电话用语)拨通,使穿过15.以 set为中心的词组be set in 以为背景set about(doing)着手,开始set an example to sb.给某人树立个榜样set aside 取消,放在一边,放弃,忽视,拒绝set fire to (= set on fire) 放火烧毁set off vi. 出发;vt.使爆炸,拨出(钱等)set out vi.出发;vt.开始,着手 (to do),布置set up 建立,设立,开办,引起(疾病等)16.以 take 为中心
29、的词组take after 与相像,性格类似于,效仿take away 拿走,减去;夺去take down 记下;拿下;拆除;拆卸;take in 吸收,接纳,欺骗,轻信,领会精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 42 页take off 拿出,取出,拿走,取下;脱去(衣服等),起飞,(事业上的)腾飞,成功,成名take on 承担,呈现,雇用take out 把带出去,清除, 除掉take over 接管,接替take up 从事,占据时间或空间,拿起take turns(to do) 轮流做17.以 turn 为中心的词
30、组turn around 转身turn down 拒绝,(把声音等)调低turn in 上床睡觉 , 上缴turn on 打开(水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等);反对;依靠,依赖,取决于turn off 关上(水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等);解雇;避开(问题)turn out 外出;培养;证明是;制成;实际情况是turn over 翻身,翻转,把移交turn to 转向 ;翻到(书的页数);求助于;(使)变成turn up 出现;出席;被找到/发现18.其它be supposed to do 应当,应该begin with 从开始;以开始;开始于belong to 属于blow out 吹熄(灯
31、火等);油井或汽井(井喷)build up 增加,增进,建成,振兴carry on 坚持,继续,进行carry out 贯彻,执行,实施,完成catch up with 追上,赶上close down 停业;(工厂等)关闭,倒闭close up 暂停营业;关闭;堵塞;(伤口)愈合deal with 对付,处理die down 渐渐消失,平息(尤其指火势,大海,脾气)精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 42 页divide up 分割,瓜分,划分,分配draw up 起草,制订;使靠近;停住drop out 退出,退学do
32、away with 去掉,废除;弄死;浪费do without 不需要也行,不用;不用/吃勉强度过earn one s living 挣钱;维持生计eat up 吃完,吃光end up as 作为而结束的意思end up with以为结束fight fo r 与做斗争;为而战figure out 算出;想出;理解;弄清楚fill up 装满,填满find out 查找出(结果)finish up 结果成为;最终到来fit in 相处融洽,合得来fix up 修理,安装,安排,建造,提供focus upon/on 专注于grow up 成长,长大hand down 把 传下去;留给;hand o
33、ut 散发, (平均)分发,发给hang up 挂断电话join up联合起来;连接lead to 通向;导致leave out 省去;遗漏let out 泄露lie in (问题、事情等)在于lift up 举起;吊起live up to 履行lose out 失败,输掉manage it 设法做成某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 42 页meet with 偶然遇到;符合pick out 挑出,辨别出pick up 学到 ( 尤其指不正规的学到);捡起;顺车接送,搭载;收拾,整理;重新开始;获得point out
34、 指出pull up 停车refer to 指,提及,参考,查阅remind sb. of 就提醒 ( 某人 ) ,使 ( 某人 ) 想起rule out 排除(可能性)run into 撞到;偶遇run out (某东西被)耗尽/用完run out of sth. 用完,耗尽save up 储蓄;贮存;节省see through 看穿;识破 (谎言 ) send up 发射show off 炫耀,卖弄slow down 慢下来speak of 谈到,论及speed up 加快stand for 代表;象征;主张;支持,拥护start off 动身,出发stay up 不睡觉,熬夜stick
35、to 坚持,紧跟,粘住,忠于tear down 拆毁use up=run out of 用光,用尽wait on 等待,伺候,服伺warn sb. of 警告某人某事watch out 注意,当心;小心谨慎,留意提防watch over 看守,照管,监视work out 算出,想出,制订出;产生出;解决;确定精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 42 页说明:这一讲不涉及动词的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词以及情态动词等语法内容(这部分请参看后面有关的各讲的内容)。 Recently, these companies have
36、 _ some workers because of the drop in economy. A. hired B. dismissed C. refused D. employed 【解析】答案为B。四个选项都是及物动词,且都可以与worker 构成动宾关系,但从题干中的the drop in economy 可知,只有B 项符合题意。 When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _。A. injured B damaged C. harmed D. destroyed
37、 【解析】答案为A。这四个动词都有“伤害,损害”之意,但具体用法不同。injure 指在意外事故中“受伤”;damage 主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏,这种破坏或因自然灾害所致,或因人为造成,常含可以修复之意;harm 用于肉体或精神上的伤害,有时可指引起不安或不便;destroy 表示毁坏十分彻底,常含无法修复再用之意。I it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products. A. make B. look
38、C. take D. think 【解析】 答案为 C。take.as.意为“把当作/ 认为是”; 另外,“look on.as.”和“ think of.as.”也有此意。若用A 项,需要把it 后面的 as 去掉。Her shoes her dress; they look very well together.A. suit B. fit C. compare D. match 【解析】答案为D。suit 指“ 符合某人的口味,或颜色、款式等的相配或适合” ;fit 指“ 强调尺寸、大小或形状上的吻合” ;compare 意为 “ 比较、对照 ” ;match 指“ 两个物体大小、色调、
39、形状、性质等方面很相配,显得很协调” 。 With modern equipment, many mysteries have _ to light in recent years. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 42 页A. bought B. come C. thrown D. appeared 【解析】答案为B。题意为“由于有现代化的设备,近年来许多谜团被揭开”。 “揭露,将曝光”是come to light,故答案为B 项。 The card reads: “ Dear Mom and Dad, they a
40、re _ everyone write home. Love, Joey.”A. advising B. suggesting C. letting D. making 【解析】答案为D。分析句子结构可知,空缺处后面的write home 是无 to的不定式,作everyone 的宾语补足语,由此可排除A 项; suggest后面不能跟不定式作宾补,更不用说无to 的不定式,由此排除B 项; let 作为使役动词时,无进行时态,也排除;只有make 后面是跟无to 的不定式作宾补的,所以答案为D。 The effect of the medicine on this kind of disea
41、se remains_ _. A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see 【解析】答案为B。题意为“这种药对这种疾病的效果尚待观察”。由题意可知,remain在此是用作系动词,且see这一动作还没有发生,答案锁定在B 和 D 中间;“ the effect”和“ see ”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。 On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _pale. A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared 【解析】答案为C。 “got” 作系动词时,表示人为
42、所致成一个相对长的过程;“changed”是实义动词,不能接形容词作表语;“went”作系动词时表示情况变坏、糟糕;“ appeared”表示表面是这样而事实上并非如此。 It was already past midnight and only three young men _in the tea house. A. left B. remained C. delayed D. deserted 【解析】答案B。为句意:早已过了半夜,仅有3 位年轻人还留在茶房。“remain”作系动词,后可跟名词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词,不定式的被动式作表语。The present situatio
43、n is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to its reality. A. make up B. figure outC. look through D. put off 【解析】 答案为 B。 make up 意为“组成、 化妆、编造”;figure out 意为“理解、 弄清楚”;look through 意为“浏览”。句意:目前的形势非常复杂,因此我认为要花费我精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 42 页一段时间来弄清楚它的真实性。It s g
44、oing to rain. Xiao Feng, will you please help me_ the clothes on the line?A. get off B. get back C. get in D. get on 【解析】答案为C。get off 意为“下车”;get back 意为“回来”;get in 意为“收集,收获”; get on意为“前进,进展” 。表示“收衣服”要用“get in clothes ” 。In modern times, people have to learn to all kinds of pressure although they are
45、 leading a comfortable life. A. keep with B. stay withC. meet with D. live with 【解析】答案为D。live with 和 put up with 类似在此意为“ 忍受 ” 。句意:在现代社会,人们尽管过着舒适的生活,但他们还得学会忍受各种各样的压力。_a moment and I will go to your rescue.A. Go on B. Hold on C. Move on D. Carry on 【解析】答案为B。go on意为 “ 继续 ” ;hold on 意为 “ 抓住不放、坚持” ;move
46、on 意为 “ 继续前进 ” ;carry on 意为 “ 继续进行 ” 。根据后句的I will go to your rescue 可知,这里应是 “ 坚持住、别松手” 。句意:坚持一会儿,我会救你的。Have you_ some new ideas? Yeah. I ll tell you later. A. come about B. come intoC. come up with D. come out with 【解析】答案为C。come about意为 “ 发生 ” ;come into 意为 “ 进入、得到 ” ;come up with意为 “ 想出、提出 ” ;come
47、out with 意为 “ 发表,公布、说出” 。句意: “ 你想出新的主意了吗?”“是的,我过会儿告诉你。”The media can often help solve problems and draw attention _ situations _ help is needed. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页,共 42 页A. in; that B. to; which C. in; where D. to; where 【解析】答案为D。draw/pay attention to 意思是 “ 注意;关心 ” 。
48、名词 “attention ”前可以有“ more ,little, careful,close , no,some ” 等形容词修饰,“ to ”后接名词、代词或动名词。第二空中用“where ” 引导定语从句。句意:媒体常常能帮助解决问题,关注需要帮助的对象。2009 年1.(全国卷I)I tried phoning her office, but I couldntA. get along B. get on C. get to D. get through 【答案】 D 【解析】 get along意为“进展”;get on 意为“上车”; get to 意为“到达”; 只有 get
49、through意为“打通电话”符合句意。句意:我试着给她办公室打电话,但是没有打通。2.(全国卷I)Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard. A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push 【答案】 D 【解析】句意:鼓励你的孩子去尝试新东西,但是尽量别逼他们。这四个词只有push 是“推,逼”之意。3.(全国卷II)If you leave the club, you will not be back in . A. received B. admitted C. tu
50、rned D. moved 【答案】 B 【解析】 be admitted in/into 表示“被录取,被接受”。4.(天津卷) Sorry, I have to _ now. It s time for class. OK, I ll call back later. A. hang up B. break up C. give up D. hold up 【答案】 A 【解析】 句意: “对不起我的挂电话了,上课的时间到了。 ” “好的 ,我会再打电话来。 ”hang up 表示“挂断电话” break up 表示 “ 开垦 (破碎 ,破坏 ,解散 ,结束 ,衰弱 )” give up