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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 语法专题五：非谓语动词（一）动词不定式1. 结构：一般式： to do to be done进行式： to be doing 表示正在发生的动作）完成式： to have done 否定式： not + to do 表示该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前）2. 作用 成份 ：不定式常用作以下成分：1 主语：亦可用it 作形式主语,构成It is/was + adj for/of sbto do sth的句型；2 宾语：可以接不定式的常见动词有：hope, wish, decide, intend, expect, plan, determine, m
2、anage, refuse, fail, pretend, promise 等；也可用 it 作形式宾语, 常与 feel, consider, find, believe, think, suppose, re gard 等连用；3 宾补：主要用于说明、说明宾语,常与动词ask, tell, teach, get, force, want, need, allow, forbid, permit, advise, persuade 等连用；4 定语：主要用于对名词的修饰,如：have sth. to do; there be sth. to do 等,表“ 要做”；5 表语： be 动词之后
3、；表方案或支配等；6 状语：表示目的,缘由,结果等；7 作独立成分： 常用的这类短语有： to tell you the truth , to be frank（坦白地说）, to be exact（准确地说） , to begin with （第一） , to make things worse（使事情更糟糕的是）等；3. 留意：1 不带 to 的动词不定式常用于：1 使役动词 let, make, have 之后或感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, notice, observe 等后面,但在被动语态中须仍原to；t help b
4、ut 等后面用不带to2 would rather, had better, why not, may /might as well, can的动词不定式；3 当主语中是或含all, what 等引导的从句时,且有do 或其其它时态形式,后作表语的不定式常省略to；2 only/never to do sth 表示出乎意料的结果；3 当不定式和句子中的宾语构成规律上的动宾关系,和句中的主语构成规律主谓关系,不定式常用主动形式；如不定式表示的动作不是主语发出,就不定式用被动形式；4 为了防止重复,可以省略不定式后的内容但保留不定式符号to,但当结构中含有be,have 时就不行省略；5 不定式与
5、疑问词连用, 在句中起名词作用,可充当主语 ,表语 , 宾语等；巩固练习：1. I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time. A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having 2. The meeting _next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 3. I feel it an ho
6、nor _ to speak here. A. to be asked B. to ask C. having asked D. asked 4. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 名师归纳总结 A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 第 1 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5. Helen had to shout _above t
7、he sound of the music. A. making her heard B. to make her hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 6. I dont know whether you happen _, but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September. A. to be heard B. to be bearing C. to hear D. to have heard 7. We have no idea about _ next. A. ho
8、w doing B. what doing C. what to do D. to do 8. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars ha d left. A. to tell B. to be told C. te lling D. told 9. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in broad daylight yesterday. A. to rob B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. hav
9、ing been robbed 10. - You should have thanked her be fore you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so 11. _, he had a car accident and was seriously injured. A. Make things worse B. To make things worse C. Make things bad D. To make t
10、hings bad 12. Who will you get _ the project for us. A. design B. to design C. designed D. designing13. There are five pairs _, but I m at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing 14. The students expected there _ more reviewing classes before the exam. A.
11、is B. to be C. being D. have been 15. She would rather leave for New York _ in Los Angeles. A. to stay B. than stay C. than staying D. to staying 16. - Are the problems easy. - No, in fact I found _. A. them hard to solve B. it hard to solve C. it hard to be solved D. hard to solve them. 17. To get
12、the job, _. A. it is required that one should be qualified B. a bachelors degree is necessary C. one needs to have basic knowledge in electricity D. some requirements should be met 18. In the end, the poor man found a shabby cottage _. A. to live B. to live in C. live D. living in 19. A ll she did w
13、as _ to her parent s expectation. A. to live up B. live up C. living up D. lived up 20. He was seen _ the house by the back door that morning. A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. to be en tering 21. Do you have any clothes _ today, Sir. A. wash B. to be washed C. to wash D. to be washing 22. He love
14、s parties. He is always the first _ and the last _. A. of coming; of leaving B. comes; leaves C. to come; to leave D. coming; leaving 23. I regret _ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow. A. informing B. having informed C. to inform D. to have inform 24. What does the librarian p
15、ermit _ out of the library. A. taking B. to take C. to be taken D. being taken 25. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _. 名师归纳总结 A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made 第 2 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （二）动名词1. 结构 ：一般式： doing, being do
16、ne 被动式 完成式： having done, having been done 被动式 否定式： not + doing 2. 作用 成份 ：主语、宾语（动词、介词宾语）3. 留意：、定语（表功能、类别） 、表语1 只跟 v-ing 作宾语的常见动词有：admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, quit, suggest, understand, be worth, stand, give up, feel like, insist on, su
17、cceed in, set about 等；2 以下动词跟 v-ing 作宾语；但假如已有 n. / pron.作宾语时,后就跟 to do 结构作宾语补足语,如： advise, allow, consider, forbid, permit, recommend 等；3 以下动词可跟 v-ing 或 to do 结构,但意义上有区分：forget / remember: + doing 遗忘 /记得已做过 ；+ t o do（仍未做）go on: + doing （连续同一件事） ；+ to do （连续另一件事）can t help: + doing （禁不住）；+ to do （不能帮
18、忙）mean: + doing（意味着）；+ to do（准备、有意做）regret: + doing （懊悔做了）；+ to say / tell / inform （遗憾告知）stop: + doing （停止做）；+ to do（停下来做另一件事）try: + doing （尝试）；+ to do （尽力做）4 “to” 在以下词组中为介词,故须跟v-ing: be used to / be accustomed to, pay attention to, look forward to, lead to, contribute to, devote / dedicate to, obj
19、ect to, be opposed to, get down to, be equal to, turn to 等；5 物+ need, require, want （需要） / deserve（值得）：+ v.ing （主动表被动）/ to be done 皆可；6 It is no use / good, not any use / good, useless：+ doing 7 动名词的复合结构：假如动名词的规律主语与句子的主语不一样,就要在动名词前 加一个物主代词,或名词全部格,构成动名词的复合结构；巩固练习：1. I would appreciate _ back this aft
20、ernoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you re calling 2. - What should we do with the empty bottles. - Our teacher advises _ them. A. to sell B. selling C. having sold D. sell 3. When he knocked at the door, my mother was busy _ supper. A. preparing for B. in preparing C. to prepare f
21、or D. to prepare 4. It is no good _ today s work for tomorrow. A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave 5. You will soon get used to _ a large breakfast in England. A. eat B. that you eat C. eating D. you eat 6. Excuse me for _ in without _. A. coming, asking B. coming, being asked C. to co
22、me, asking D. to come, being asked 7. People couldn t help _ the foolish girl. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing 8. “ What do you think of the book. ”“Oh, excellent, it s worth _ a second time.”A. to read B. to be read C. re
23、ading D. being read 9. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct 10. I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like _. A. throw up B. throwing up C. to throw up D. threw up 11. Your hair wants _. You d better have it done tomorrow. A. cut
24、 B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut 12. I don t mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make 13. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ the exam. A. pass B. to pass C. passed D.
25、 passing 14. He devoted the whole day to _ the English grammar. A. review B. reviewing C. be reviewed D. being reviewing 15. I can t get my car _ on cold mornings, so I have to try _ t he radiator with some hot water. A. run; to fill B. running; filling C. running; to fill D. ran; filling 16. - What
26、 made Susan so angry. - _ in the rain for a long time. A. Being kept waiting B. Being kept to wait C. Because of waiting D. She was kept waiting 17. How about the three of us _ a walk down the street. A. to take B. taken C. taking D. to be taken 18. He always dream of _ a chance for him to bring int
27、o full play his potential. A. there being B. there to be C. there is D. being 19. I prefer staying at home _ the theater. A. to go to B. for going to C. to going to D. rather than go 20. I don t think it any use _ for the spilt milk. A. to cry B. crying C. to be crying D. being crying 21. Tony was u
28、nhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not ha ving invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited 22. My younger sister suggested _ the Summer Palace first. A. me to visit B. mine visiting C. I visiting D. me visiting 23. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to on
29、e s skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 24. We should think of ways to stop the waste from the factory _ our living environment. 名师归纳总结 A. being polluted B. polluting C. from being polluted D. polluted 第 4 页,共 7 页25. Isnt it time you got down to _ _ the papers.
30、 D. marking A. mark B. be marked C. being marked - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （三）分词1. 结构： 一般式： doing 现在分词：表示主动、进行 done 过去分词：表示被动、完成 完成式： having done / having been done（表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前）否定式： not + 分词2. 作用 成分 ：1 定语： 前置定语： 常为一个单词, 现在分词表示主动、亦可表示完成；进行； 过去分词主要表示被动,后置定语： 常为分词短语, 等同于一个定语从句,现在分词表示主动进行
31、；过 去分词主要表示被动；留意： 过去分词作后置定语有三种形式,分别代表不同时态：to be done将来 ；being done进行 ；done其它 ；2 状语： 表示时间、缘由、结果、条件、让步、方式和相伴等；留意： 1 规律主语的一样性：即分词的规律主语须与主句的主语存在主动或被动的一样,主动一样用doing；被动一样用done；2 独立主格结构 ：当分词的规律主语与主句主语不一样时,分词须有自己的 主语,即：主语 + 分词,等同于一个状语从句；3 分词的独立结构：即在句中独立于主句之外,作状语,不须与主句主语保持一样性； 常见分词短语有： generally speaking, con
32、sidering / seeing that 鉴于,考虑到 , judging from / by 由 判定 , providing / provided / given that 假如 , supposing / suppose that 假设 等；4 with 的复合结构 ,作相伴状语,即：with + 宾语 + doing 与宾语主动关系 done 与宾语被动关系 to do 表将来 There be + n. + doing / done / to do: 同上 3 宾补： 置于宾语后,说明、说明宾语；如与宾语构成主动、进行关系就用 doing；如 构成被动关系用 done；4 表语：
33、 现在分词表示进行或描述；过去分词表示被动或人的心理感受；巩固练习：1. The houses _ by the workers now will be completed next week. A. built B. being built C. to be built D. having been building 2. _ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. The
34、re being no rain 3. _ his age, the little boy read quite well. A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered 4. _ the lab, we were taken to the library. A. Showing B. Being shown C. To be shown D. Having been shown 5. What he has done _ all of us; he is really _. A. disappointing; di
35、sappointed C. disappointed; disappointing 6. Hearing the news, _. A. tears came to her eyes B. disappoints; disappointing D. disappointed; disappointed B. her eyes were filled with tears 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - C. she burst into tears D. she broke out tears 7. China i
36、s a developing country _ to the Third World. A. belongs B. belonged C. belonging D. is belonged 8. _, I ll go over all these lessons before the exam. A. If time permitting B. Time permitting C. If time permitted D. Time permits 9. The watch _ last night was found _ under the bed. A. losing; lying B.
37、 lost; lying C. lost; lain D. losing; laid10. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 11. _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face 12. _
38、and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising 13. _ nice, the food was sold out soon. A. Tasted B. Tasting C. To taste D. Being tasted 14. _ from space, the earth, with water _ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball
39、. A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered 15. He had his leg _ in the match yesterday. A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking 16. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 17. Dont get _ in the rain. C.
40、 to catch D. caught A. to be caught B. catching 18. Most of the artists _ to the party were from south Africa. A. having been invited B. inviting C. being invited D. invited 19. _ hot, Tom uncovered his quilt, _ only his stomach _. A. Feeling; leaving; covered B. Felt; left; covered C. Feeling; left
41、; covering D. Felt; leaving; covered 20. _ their homework, the pupils went home _ their parents. A. Doing; following B. Having done; following C. Done; followed D. Having done; followed 21. When _ why he was late, he just stared at us and said nothing. A. being asked B. asking C. asked D. to be aske
42、d 22. _ a reply, he decided to write a letter to her again. A. Not receiving B. Not having received C. Not received D. Having not received 23. _, the players began the game. A. After we took our seats B. Being taken the seats C. Taking our seats D. Having taken our seats 24. The big- eyed girl came
43、in, _ a cake with two _ candles on it. A. bring; litB. brought; lighted C. carrying; lighted D. taking; lighting25. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. 名师归纳总结 A.carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 第 6 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 非谓语动词： CAACDDCBBBBBBBBACBBBBCCCB CBBBCBCCBBCBDBBACACBDDCBD BDADBCCBBAABBBBCDDABCBACC 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页