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1、名师总结优秀知识点宾语从句知识点全面解析宾语从句考查的三个要点:语序,时态,关联词。1.定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2.构成:关联词 + 简单句。3 宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。 (who 作主语的从句本身就是陈述句语序)4 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,连接宾语从句的连词有that(that在口语中常省略 )。 whether ,if,和连接代词 what , which , who , whom 及连接副词 when , where , how , why 。He knew(that) he should study hard.他知道他应该努力学习。Can you tell me
2、 which class you are in?您能告诉我,您在哪一班吗?He asked me if he could come in,他问我他是否能进来。5.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页名师总结优秀知识点(1)从属连词 that. 如:一般那情况下可以省略。He told us that he felt ill.I know he has returned.注: that 在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that 不能省略。.Everybody cou
3、ld see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句, that 宾语从句放在 and 的后面时, that不能省略。 ).I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that 不能省略。 ).That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.(that从句位于句首时, that 不可省略。 )(2)从属连词 if/whether.如:I doubt wheth
4、er he will succeed.I don t know if you can help me.(3)连接代词 who ,whom ,whose ,what ,which ,whoever ,whatever ,whichever连接副词where ,when ,how ,why.Who or what he was,Martin never learned.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页名师总结优秀知识点I wonder what hes writing to me about.Ill tell you
5、why I asked you to come.注意1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it 作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.He has made it clear that he will not give in.2.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句, 这类形容词或过去分词有sure , glad ,certain ,pleased ,happy ,afraid ,surprised ,satisfied等,连词 that 可省略。I am not sure what
6、I ought to do.Im afraid you dont understand what I said.Im surprised that I didnt see all that before.Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.3.连词 whether ( or not) 或 if 引导的宾语从句if 和 whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和 or not 连用, if一般不与 or not连用。如:I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它
7、是真是假。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页名师总结优秀知识点用 if 引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if 而用 wheter. 试比较:Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if 从句可理解为宾语从句, 意为“请告诉我你是否想去” ;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。4.宾语从句的否定转移。在think ,believe ,suppose ,expect 等动
8、词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think 等动词变为否定形式。如:I don t think you are right.I don t believe they have finished their work yet.I don t suppose he cares,does he?5.宾语从句的时态变化规律:主句从句是现在时,宾语从句可根据需要用任何时态。主句从句是过去时,宾语从句用过去的某种时态,例如:一般过去,过去进行,过去完成,过去将来等注意:说到自然现象和普遍真理时,用一般现在时精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - -
9、- - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页名师总结优秀知识点The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.解答宾语从句题目时应注意的问题a.时态的一致宾语从句中如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时、 现在进行时、现在完成时 ),从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。I know he lives here.我知道他住在这儿。I know he lived here ten years ago.我知道他十年前住在这儿。I have heard that he will come.我已经听说他要来了。宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时、过去
10、进行时),那么从句的时态一定要用过去的时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。I know who lives here.我知道谁住在这儿。I know who lived here.我知道谁住过这儿。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页名师总结优秀知识点He asked us if everyone was here.他问我们是否所有的人都出席了。He has said that he has seen it.他说过他已经看了。He said that he had seen it.他说他已经看了
11、。b.语序的变化陈述句变为宾语从句时,语序不变。陈述句: He is an honest man.他是一个诚实的人。宾语从句: I said he was an honest man.(连词 that 可省)我说他是一个诚实的人。一般疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序,用whether ,if 连接。一般疑问句: Does he study hard?他学习认真吗 ?宾语从句: I wonder if(whether)he studies hard.我不知道他是否认真学习。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页名师总结优秀知识点特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序,用连接代词或副词(即保留原来的疑问词 )。特殊疑问句: Who is he?他是谁 ?宾语从句: Do you know who he is?你知道他是谁吗 ?特殊疑问句: What does he want?他要什么 ?宾语从句: I dont know what he wants.我不知道他要什么。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页