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1、The Attributive Clause 定语从句：在英语复合句中，由关联词引导，修饰句中的名词、代词，有时也修饰主句的一部份或整个句子的从句称为定语从句。它分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的那个词称为先行词。关系代词：which,that,who,whom,whose,as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）引导词关系副词：when,where,why，在句中只作状语。e.g.She is an English teacher who likes singing songs.先行词定语从句引导词（从句中做主语）关系词的作用：1.引导定语从句；2.代替先行
2、词；3.在从句中担当一个成分e.g.This is the best film that I have seen.关系代词(1)who,whom引导的定语从句who 指人作主语/宾语（可省略）介词在 前不可使用whom 指人宾语（可省略）介词后不可省略a.What s the name of the girl who just came in?b.Do you know the student to whom Jane is talking?(不能用 who)(2)that 引导的定语从句that 人或物主语宾语表语不引导非限制性定语从句，不位于介词后。a.Here is the money
3、that/which will be given to you.b.Do you like the book(that/which)you borrowed yesterday?c.He is no longer the boy that he used to be.(3).which 引导的定语从句which 指物主语或宾语（可省略)在介词后不可省略a.The building which/that stands near the river is our school.b.The room in which there are a lot of books is a reading roo
4、m.(4)whose 引导的定语从句whose 是关系代词who 与 which 的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语，whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。Have you seen a dictionary whose cover is blue?(the cover of which is blue)?whose 经常后接名词，这结构可以用the+名词 of+whom/which来替换，意义不变。也就是说，表示所属关系,whose+n.=of which/whom+the+n.=the+n.+of which/whom e.g.He is an whose daughter studies a
5、broad.excellent teacher,the daughter of whom studies abroad.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 7 页 -【练习】1.There are in this class 20 students,_ are different.A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whom C.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose 2.They live in a house,whose door faces south.=
6、_They live in a house,_=_They live in a house,_(5)非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.There are 60 students in our class,two thirds of whom have been to Beijing【练习】1.The committee consists of 20 members,5 of _ are women.2.The book contains 50 poems,most of _ was written in 1930s.3.There
7、 are two left,one of _ is almost finished,and the other of _ is not quite.4.I have a sentence,the meaning of _ I dont understand.=_ I dont understand.【总结】名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom 表示：1）所有关系2)整体与部分关系【注意】关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：1.whom,which 作介词宾语时，介词一般可以放在它们的前面，也可以放在从句原来的位置上，但是含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词应该放在原来的位置上。There i
8、s a room in which you can study.which you can study in.Rose is the student after whom you should look./of whom you should take care.Rose is the student whom you should look after/take care of.2.只用 that 不用 which 的情况：1).当先行词是不定代词时，如：all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,the one等。All tha
9、t can be done has been done.2).先行词前有few,little,no,all,every等词修饰时。There is no difficulty that we cant overcome.3)先行词被the only,the very,the right,just the,one of 等修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.This is one of the toys that interest the boy.4).先行词被序数词first,last,等或形容词的最高级修饰时。This is the f
10、irst/best letter that Ive written in English.5).当先行词既有人又有物时。They talked about the teachers and the schools(that)they had visited.6).当关系词在从句中作表语时。China isn t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.7)当主句是以 who,which,或 what 开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop?What did you hea
11、r that made you so angry？Which is the book that you need?8)there be 句型中,先行词指物时。There is a seat in the corner that is still free.只用 which 不用 that 的情况1)引导非限制性定语从句。His money was stolen by a thief,which made him very sad.2).当关系代词前有介词。This is the factory in which my mother works.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第
12、2 页，共 7 页 -3).当先行词本身是that 时。What s that which flashed in the sky just now.4).当关系词后有插入语时This is the dictionary which,as I have told you,is helpful for you.5).为避免重复The book that I gave you just now is about computer science which is very important.只用 who 不用 that 的情况1)当先行词是one,ones,anyone,those 或 peopl
13、e 时Anyone who breaks the rule must be punished.God help those who help themselves.2)当先行词是I,he,they,you 等时(常用于谚语中)?He who plays with fire gets burned.?I,who am your friend,will give you a hand when you are in trouble.3)在 there be 结构中，先行词指人时。There is a stranger who wants to see our manager.4)在非限制性定语从句
14、中Fangfang,who is a writer,now lives in America.5)为避免重复或怕引起歧义.The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghai.注意：关系代词who,which,that,在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须必须和先行词保持一致。?Anyone who _is_ over 20 can join the army.?I,who _am_your friend,will help you.【练习】1.This is o
15、ne of the best books _.A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have written 2.She is the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who to sing 关系副词的用法When:指时间在从句中充当时间状语(=at/in/on/during which)Where:指地点在从句中充当地点状语(=in/at/t
16、o which)Why:指原因在从句中充当原因状语(=for which)I will never forget that day when I joined the party.This is the house where he was born.Tell me the reason why you were late this morning.【注意】：1.先行词是“时间名词”如在从句中做主语，表语或宾语，关系词用which/that，作状语用when 或介词+which。I ll never forget the days _we spent on that lonely island
17、.I ll never forget the day _I joined the Party.2.先行词是“地点名词”，如在从句中作主语，表语或宾语，关系词用which/that，作状语用where 或介词+which。That is the factory _ produces 100,000TV sets a year.That is the factory _his father once worked.【补充】如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,stage,condition和 case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”，wh
18、ere 在从句中充当状语。1 I ve come to the point where I cant stand him.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 7 页 -2.The country is in t he situation where a war will break out at any time.国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。3.先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作状语用why 或 for+which。作主语，表语或宾语，用which/that.?This is the reason _ he told me
19、yesterday.?This is the reason _he was late for the meeting.4.当主句主语是reason 时，作主句表语的成分不能有because 和 because of。其结构一般为the reason whyis that，或者the reason that is that，1)The reason _ he was absent was _he was ill.2)The reason _ he told us for his absence is _ he was ill.A.why/because B.why/that C.that/bec
20、ause D.that/that 5.the way，time a.the way 作先行词，关系词用：that/in which/不填b.time 表示“次数”，关系词用：that/不填1）I don t understand the way_ they worked out the problem.2）I could hardly remember how many times _Ive failed.3)I don t like the way _ he looks at me.A.in that B.which C.of which D./【练习】This is the reason_
21、 he gave me.This is the reason_ he was late.This is the factory _ my father worked.This is the factory _ my father visited.October 1 is a day _ we will never forget.October 1 is a day _our new China was founded.介词+关系代词(+which/whom/whose）知识归纳：当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现 介词+关系代词。先行词指
22、物，用介词+which/whose,指人则用 介词+whom/whose,且关系代词均不能省略.1.The person _to whom _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2.The pencil _with which _ he was writing broke.3This is the boss _in whose _ company his elder sister is working.如何判断介词1）、看定语从句中动词与介词的固定搭配(注意：动词短语不能拆开,即介词不能提前)The gentleman
23、_ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom D.with whom The old man whom I am _ looking after is better.2）看定语从句中形容词与介词的固定搭配He referred me to some reference books _with _ which I am not very familiar.3）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词的固定搭配He has not reached the age,_at_ which he can marr
24、y.4)根据“介词+关系代词”在主从句中的作用及意义。Water,_without which_ man can not live,is very important for us.5)the+名词+of+关系代词1)Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_B_ was very reasonable.A.which price B.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 7 页 -2)This is the boy _ C
25、 _ the bike was stolen yesterday.A.whom B.whose C.of whom D.of whose 6)表示部分的词语of关系代词知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom,指事物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all,both,none,neither,either,some,any；数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the+最高级/比较级；以及 表示数目或数量的词语many,most,few,several,enough,half a,a quarter 等。1.The factory produces
26、half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_ are sold abroad.A.of which B.which of C.of them D.of that 2.There are many professors present at the meeting,_ some are from Beijing University.A.of whom B.among whom C.of them D.among which 关于 as引导定语从句的问题 as 引导限制性定语从句主要用于the sameas，such/so as，asas 的结构中。
27、在same,such,so,as 之后应是名词或形容词名词1.We are facing _the same_ problems as we did years ago.2.Some people have no doubt that their cat understands _as_ many words as a dog does.3.We hope to get _such_ a tool as he is using.4.He is _so_ lovely a child as is liked by all of us.考点 1:the same.as 和 the same.tha
28、t的用法辨异.?This is the same book as I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一样。(同名异物）?This is the same book that I lost.这本书就是我丢的那本。(同名异物）考点 2:such/so.as和 such/so.that的用法辨异.This is such an interesting book as we all like.This is so interesting a book as we all like.【解析】这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句,as 在从句中充当成分)This is such an interes
29、ting book that we all like it.This is so interesting a book that we all like it.【解析】这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句,that 在从句中不充当成分)【练习】1.He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_.A.as;him B.that;/C.as;/D.whom;him 2.Mrs.Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery.A.the same;as B.th
30、e same;where C.the same;that D.as the same;as as 与 which 都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句，并代表前面整个句子。The elephant is like a snake,as/which everybody can see.不同的是：as 引导的定语从句可以前置，而which 不行。As everybody can see,the elephant is like a snake【注意】1)当从句的谓语是否定形式或表示否定意义时，只能用which。He made a long speech at the meeting,_which_ we
31、 had not expected./_which_ was unexpected.2)当从句的谓语后接一个复合宾语（宾补）时，只能用which。He admires everyone in the class,_which_ I find quite strange.3）which 引导的从句与主句是_因果_关系或从句是对主句的_评论 _，常解释为“_ 这，这一点 _”，Tom didn t pass the exam,which made his parents very disappointed.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 7 页 -He must co
32、me from the north,which can be judged from his accent.4）as引导的从句与主句是_一致 _关系，as常解释为 _正如.的那样”,“正像.”。如：as is known to all,as we all know,as has been said before,as was expected,as is said above,as is mentioned above,as is reported in the newspaper 等e.g.As is often the case,we have worked out the product
33、ion plan.【补充】一：定语从句与强调句区别和混合1.It is the place _ where _ Luxun was born.（定语从句）2.It is in the place _ that _ Luxun was born.（强调句型）二：定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“的（名词）”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与 that 从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。that 在定语从句中充当成分，而that 在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。We al
34、l have heard the news _that_ our team won.(同位语从句，that 从句表示news 的内容，that 在从句中不作任何成分)We don t believe the news _that/which/不填 _ he told us yesterday.(定语从句，that 作 told 的宾语)三：定语从句与表语从句The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.A.which;where B.where;
35、at which C.at which;where D.which;in which 句子意思：建设大桥的地方应该是过河交通最拥挤的地方。第一空属于定语从句；第二空属于表语从句，而且结合语境此处缺少状语。故此选择where。四：定语从句与主语从句 _As_ is known to us all,paper was first made in China.(as 引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首)_It_ is known to us all that paper was first made in China.(it 做形式主语，代替that 引导的主语从句)五：定语从句与状语从句试
36、比较：He left the key _where_ he had been an hour before.(where 引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where)He left the place _where/in which_ he lived for many years.(where 引导定语从句，修饰the place)He is such a good teacher _as_ all of us love and respect.(as 引导定语从句,as 在从句中充当宾语)He is such a good teacher _that_ all of us
37、 love and respect him.(that 引导结果状语从句,that 在从句中不充当成分)【难点突破】一.疑问句中考查定语从句e.g:Is this the farm_D_ you visited last week?A.where B.the one C.on which D./名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 7 页 -【友情提示】最好的解决方法:还原法。先把疑问句还原成陈述句,然后判断谁是先行词,再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分.1.Is this the hotel _ he stayed last year?A.the one B.that
38、 C.where D.which 2.Is this hotel _ he stayed last year?A.the one where B.that C.the one D.which 二.倒装句中考查定语从句We came to a place,_D_ stood a big tower.A.which B.that C./D.where【友情提示】对于使用倒装语序的定语从句,应先把倒装语序还原成正常的语序.三.拆分词组和固定搭配The second is connected with the use _D_ the body makes of food.A.of which B.wh
39、ere C.to which D.that【友情提示】这类题解题的关键是把拆开的词组还原.此句中被拆的词组是:make use of1.Why can not you realize the part _ they have played in our life?A.which B.on which C.when D.where 五.插入非谓语动词e.g:Is this the man _D_ you want to have _ the radio for me.A.who,repaired B.that,repaired C.whom,repairing D.that,repair【友情提示】这类题的最好方法就是还原法.此题可还原为:You want to have the man repair the radio for me.1.The manager discussed the plan _they would like to see _ the next year.A.that,carried out B.who,carried out C.which,carry out D.that,carrying out 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 7 页，共 7 页 -