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1、学习必备欢迎下载【宾语从句】（一）宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类 。1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。 that 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what,
2、which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don t know why the train is late.3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。 if 和 whether在句中的意思是 “ 是否” 。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me
3、 whether (if) I could help him. 注：只能用 weather不能用 if 的情况Case1:weather引导的从句常可以与连词or 或 or not 直接连用。Let me know weather you can come or not. Let me know if you can come or not. Case2: 宾语从句提到句首时，只能用weather引导。Weather it is true or not,I can t tell. If it is true or not,I can t tell. Case3:weather可以引导带 to
4、的不定式。I don t know weather to accept or to refused. I don t know if to accept or to refused. Case4: 介词之后引导的宾语从句只能用weather。I worry about weather I hurt her feelings. I worry about if I hurt her feelings. （二）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为 陈述句的语序 。例如：I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you w I can get
5、to zoo? Please tell me when wetell me holl have the meeting. （三）宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如： I don t think (that) you are right.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? Do you think he will come tomorrow? 2. 如果主句 的时态是一般过去时， 宾语从 句只能用相应的过去时态 （一般过去时， 过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He
6、 asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是 客观真理 ，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved
7、 that the earth turns around the sun. 4.如果主句的时态是一般将来时，宾语从句为一般现在时；如果主句的时态是过去将来时，宾语从句为一般过去式。Exercise1: 1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he
8、come C. if he comes D. whether hell come 3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B
9、. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 8. I dont know _. Can you te
10、ll me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings 10. I ca
11、nt understand_. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means 11. Excuse me. Could you tell me _? Yes. There is a video shop on River Road. A. where can I buy some CDs B. where I can buy some CDs C. when can I buy some CDs D. when I can b
12、uy some CDs 12. Mrs Brown couldnt find her purse. She didnt remember _.A. whose it was B. where it was C. what it was D. when it was 13. Could you tell me _ tomorrow morning? Well, it will start at 9 oclock.A. when the film will start B. where will the film starts C. when will the film start D. wher
13、e the film will start 14. 一 Paul，I hear you have just bought a very expensive MP4 I want to know Oh，in JapanA. how much it costs B. where you bought it C. which country is it made in 15. Can you guess the MP4 player yesterday ? Sorry , Ive no idea about it . A. how much did he pay for B .how can he
14、get 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载C. how much he paid for D. how he has got 16. Excuse me. Where does Mr. Wang live? Im sorry. I dont know_ A. where he lives B. where he live C. where does he live 17. Could you tell me _, please? Yes. Walk along Zhongshan Road for a
15、bout 300 metres. Its on your left. A. how can I get to Hualian Supermarket B. how I can get to Hualian Supermarket C. how did I get to Hualian Supermarket D. how I got to Hualian Supermarket 18. Please tell me_. I have some good news for him. A. where Robert lives B. where does Robert live C. where
16、Robert lived D. where did Robert live 19. Excuse me, could you tell me _? Sorry, sir. I wasnt there at that time.A. how did the accident happen B. how the accident happened C. how does the accident happen D. how the accident happens 20. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ? A. where is the bank neares
17、t B. where is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where 21. What did Mike say? He said _. A. if you were free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring 22. Tom asked my friend _. A. where was he from B. that the earth is
18、bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry 23. Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car 24. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many qu
19、estions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris Exercise2: 1、Do you know how much hot water _? AMum is neededBdoes Mum need CMum needsDdid Mum need 2、Can you tell me_? Awhere he isBwhere is he Che is whereDwhat is he 3、I didnt know how_to London? Awould they goBare they g
20、oing Cthey would goDthey are going 4、I want to know how long_Ahas he been backBhas he come back Che has been backDhe has come back 5、Do you know_? Awhat the news areBwhat is the news Cwhat the news isDwhat are the news 6、He said he would help me with my maths if he_free AwasBwill beCwould beDis 7、He
21、 will write to you as soon as he _to Shanghai 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载AgetsBis gettingCwill getDshall get 8、Father_music when he_young Aliked wasBliked isClikes wasDlikes is9、I liked sports_I was young Aso much asBso much that Cvery much whenDvery much because
22、 10、_ mother got home ， I was tidying my roomAAfterBWhenCAs soon asDBefore 11、The teacher didnt begin her class_the students stopped talkingAuntilBbecause Cafter Dwhen 12、If it_tomorrow， well go to the Great wallAdoesnt rainBwont rainCnot rainsDisnt rain 13、Could you tell me_we get to the plane? Aho
23、wBwhetherCwhereDwhat 14、When they got to the cinema ， the film_for the ten minutesAhad been onBhas begun CbeganDhad begun 15、The teacher says_she will leave a message on the headmasters deskAifBwhoCthatDwhat 16、Lucy looks stronger_LilyAthanBasCthenDnot as 17、I know nothing about it _he told me Abeca
24、useBsinceCuntilDafter 18、You must make your new house clean and safe _you move inAbecause BwhenCbeforeDuntil 19、I was_tired_I couldnt walk on AsothatBtootoCvery thatDvery to20、I thought he_to see his mother if hetimeAwill gohasBwill go will haveCwould go would haveDwould go had精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -
25、 - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载句子成分句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。主要成分：主语和谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置：一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike.代词做主语Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语There is a pen on the desk.
26、名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语2、谓语表示人或事物 (主语 )的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词 have 和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性
27、质、状态。表语的位置用在动词be 和系动词的后面。名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot. 常见的系动词1. be 动词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载2. 与感觉有关的动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等3. 表示状态变化的动词，意为“ 变得 ” “变成 ” 如 get, grow, turn
28、等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。4、宾语是动作的对象或承受者。及物动词必须跟宾语. 及物动词 :直接接宾语的谓语动词. 不及物动词 :不能直接带宾语的谓语动词. 宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成. I saw a plane in the sky just now.名词做宾语I want three.数词做宾语I like going shopping.动名词做宾语We think predicting the future is hard.宾语从句5、宾语补足语（宾补）有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补 )
29、, 有时候句子的意思就不完整。充当宾补的有 : 1. 形容词作宾语补足语The sun keeps us warm. 2. 介词短语作宾语补足语: I found her in the room. 3. 副词作宾语补足语。Please let him in. 4. 名词作宾语补足语。We made him monitor of the class. 5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。I asked him to come. 6、定语定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的 的) 1. 形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面) They have a clever son.
30、I have something important to tell you. 2. 名词作定语 : Is it a color film? 名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载school bus,ticket office, paper flowers 但也有例外 ,如 : sports meeting, clothes shop man 和 woman 修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如: men drivers , women doctors 3.
31、 代词作定语 : This song is better than that one. 4. 数词作定语 : There are only thirty students in our class. 带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式. a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy 5. 副词作定语 (放在被修饰词之后): Do you know the young man over there? 6. 介词短语作定语(放在被修饰词之后): The students in our class like swimming. 7
32、、状语修饰动词 ,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 用以说明地点, 时间 , 方式 , 程度 , 原因 , 目的 , 结果 , 条件 , 让步等. 1. 副词作状语 : The old man is walking slowly.表方式The boy is very clever.表程度2. 介词短语作状语: I have lived in Shanghai for five years.表时间3. 不定式作状语I come here to see you.表目的4. 现在分词作状语The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式5. 状语从
33、句We ll go shopping if it doesn t rain tomorrow.状语的位置1. 在一般情况下,用于句末。We like our school very much. 2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首. I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中, 如 always, usually, often, hardly, never, 用
34、于行为动词前,be 动词、助动词和情态动词后I usually get up early. He is often late. 一些副词 , 如 already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似sometimes, now 可以位于句首,句中或句末only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同 , 意义也不同 . The actor only sang a song. Only the actor sang a song. The actor sang only one
35、song. 两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序1. 地点状语在前, 时间状语在后 . We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow. 2. 较小单位的状语在前,由小到大Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu. 3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词 ,方式副词 , 地点副词 , 时间副词She sang very well at the meeting last night. 时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页