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1、精品资料欢迎下载九.动词的被动语态一.概述1.什么是被动语态？英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。2.考纲要求：掌握被动语态的结构以及各个时态的用法掌握带有情态动词的被动语态的的结构和基本用法。3.中考热点：各个时态下得被动语态的构成以及用法。尤其是一般现在时，一般过去时的被动语态结构以及用法二.例句分析1.(2011,北京 .34) Many accidents _ by careless drivers last year. A. are caused B. wer
2、e caused C. have caused D. will cause 解析：此题考察的是不同时态下被动语态的结构以及用法。2.（2010.北京， 24）The road _ last year. A. builds B. builts C. was built D. is built 解析：此题考查被动语态的一般过去时的结构和用法。三. 被动语态的构成被动语态的结构为：be+动词过去分词四.各种时态的主被动语态结构形式：时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态被动语态一般现在时Do/does Am/is/are done We clean up the classroom everyday. T
3、he classroom is cleaned by us every day. 一般过去时did Was/were done We cleaned up the classroom yesterday. The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 一般将来时Will/shall/be going to+ do Will/shall/be going to+ be done They will plant trees tomorrow These trees will be planted tomorrow. 现在完成时Have/has done Ha
4、ve/has been done Jim has been finished his work. The work has been finished by Jim. 过去完成时Had done Had been done Jim had been finished his work The work had been finished by Jim. 过去将来时Would/should/be going to+ do Would/should/be going to+ be done He said he would make a kite. He said a kite would be
5、made by him. 现在进行时Am/is/are doing Am/is/are being done She is watering flowers. Flowers are being watered by her. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 4 页精品资料欢迎下载过去进行时Was/were doing Was/were being done She was writing a letter this time yesterday. A letter was being written by her th
6、is time yesterday. 含有情态动词Can/may/must do Can/may/must be done I can find him. He can be found by me. 真题再现： (2011,北京 .34) Many accidents _ by careless drivers last year. A. are caused B. were caused C. have caused D. will cause 解析：此题考察被动语态不同时态的结构以及用法，答案为B。又句尾的last year 是一般过去时的标志词，而且主语many accidents 不
7、是人，所以一般过去时的被动语态时was/were+ done 练习题：1.Many trees and flowers _ in our school last year ，and they made our school a beautiful gardenAplant B planted Chave planted Dwere planted 2. -Our environment is getting worse than before. -Youre right. But thanks to Earth Day_, people have done more and more usef
8、ul things to protect( 保护 )the earth since Earth Day A. is started B. was started C. has started 3.-Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned 五。被动语态的用法1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知谁偷的 ) Thi
9、s book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981 年。 （没有必要或说出出版者）2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如： The window was broken by mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。This book was written by Lunxun. 这本书是他写的。3.为了更好地安排句子。例如： The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. 4.主语不是人例如： Many houses were washed away by
10、 flood. 许多房子被洪水冲走。歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。六。主动语态和被动语态的转换1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词 ) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式 )。3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him. - He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. -The
11、bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by 短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be 后“过分”来使用。4.谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 4 页精品资料欢迎下载例如： His best friend often looks after him. -He is often looked after by his best friend. 5.主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。动
12、词make/buy/get用 for;动词 give/send/lend/take用 to) 例如： Vivian gave me a book. (双宾语，人间物直，me 为间接宾语，a book 为直接宾语 ) - I was given a book by Vivian. -A book was given to me by Vivian. （直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词）6.主动语态若有复合宾语， （即句子结构为主及物动词宾宾补），将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补不变。例如： They call him Louis. -He is called Louis. 7.当“动词
13、+宾语 +宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例如： Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 8.主动语态句中动词make, have, let(使 sb 做 sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel 等变成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to. 例如： Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. -He was made to w
14、ash the dishes. 9.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”， “动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例如： The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 10.非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例如： I dont like being laughed at in the public. 11.It is said that+ 从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider,
15、 expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that 从句”或“主语be过去分词 to do sth. ” 。有： It is said that 据说 , It is reported that 据报道It is believed that 大家相信It is hoped that 大家希望It is well known that 众所周知It is thought that 大家认为It is suggested that 据建议例如：It is said that the boy has passed the nationa
16、l exam. （ The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）七。一些主动表被动的意义的词1.break，catch， clean，drive， lock， open，sell，read，write ， wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义 ,主语通常是物。例如： This kind of cloth washes well 2. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、 感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
17、 Your reason sounds reasonable 你的理由听起来很合理The steel feels cold.钢摸上去是冰冷的。3. 在 need，want，require, bear 等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例如： The house needs repairing（to be repaired ） 这房子需要修理。4. be worth doing ，doing 表被动含义例如： The picture-book is well worth reading （ The picture-book is very worthy
18、to be read ）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 4 页精品资料欢迎下载这本漫画书值得一读。八.不能使用被动语态的情况1.主动句的宾语是each other 或反身代词时，不能用被动语态例如： They helped each other study English. 2.当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词，不能使用被动语态。例如： We will have a meeting. 3.主动句的宾语是不定式或者动名词时，不能用被动语态例如： He asked me to have a try. 九。被动语态和主系表
19、结构的区别1.被动语态强调主语是动作的承受者，而系表结构表示的是主语的状态例如： The stop is closed today.表示关闭的状态The shop is closed at 10:00 表示动作发生2.系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，被动语态可以应用到多种时态。3.系表结构中过去分词常有国定搭配的介词，被动语态没有。九.本章小结本章介绍被动语态的用法以及在各个时态中的运用。本章内容主要的考点是被动语态在各个时态中的结构和用法。所以一定要牢记各个时态的被动语态的结构，另外还需要记住被动语态的一些常用用法。总结如下：1.什么是被动语态。2.被动语态的基本构成是多少。3.各种时态下被动语态的结构式什么。4.主动语态如何转换成被动语态。5 还有双宾语，复合宾语，宾语补足语，非谓语动词情况下如何转化成被动语态。6.主动表被动的词有哪些7 被动语态与主系表结构的区别8.哪些情况下不能变被动语态精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 4 页