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1、（名词复数的不规则变化1） child-children mouse-mice foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese ox-oxen man-men woman-women 2）单复同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ）初中英语全部时态一般现在时A:一般现在时通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。结构 : 1）be 动词的第一人称单数为，第三人称单数为，其他人称为。有一顺口溜体现了它的用法：我用 am ，你用are ，is 用于他，她，它 , 单数 is，复数 are. 肯定式 :主语 + am /is/are +其他否
2、定式 :主语 + am/is/are +not + 其他疑问式 :Am /Is /Are + 主语 + 其他 ? 简略回答 : (肯) Yes,主语+ am/ is /are (否) No,主语+ am /is/are not 缩写形式 : Im = I am Thats =That is Were =We are Whats= What is Youre = You are Whos = Who is Theyre =They are Wheres =Where is Hes =He is Shes =She is Its = It is isnt=is not arent=are not
3、2）行为动词（实义动词）除主语是第三人称单数外，都用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加 -s 或-es 。“动词第三人称单数”的加法即 “如何从动词原形变为第三人称单数”1、一般情况加s. 2、以 o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾加 es. 3、以“辅音字母 +y”结尾改 y为 i +es 写出下列动词的第三人称单数：study play go come help teach lie listen begin open sit throw wash guess cut run relax beat eat 肯定式 :主语 +动词原形 /动词的第三人称单数否定式 :主语 +助动词d
4、ont/doesnt +动词原形 +其他疑问式 :Do/Does+主语 +动词原形 +其他简略回答 :(肯)Yes,主语 +do/does (否)No,主语 +do/does not 缩写形式 : dont = do not doesnt =does not 注意： have 的第三人称单数为has 用法：1.表示事实 ,现状 ,性质或经常的 ,习惯的动作 ,常与 often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays 等时间状语连用, eg. He has a
5、 brother. 2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun. 3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作. eg. Here comes the train. 4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时. eg.Ill go with you if you are free tomorrow. 一般过去时一般过去时棗表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时通常由动词的过去式表示。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 14 页结构：1.动词的第一、 三有称单数用 ,其他人称用 ,其肯定式
6、,否定式 ,疑问式和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。2.行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种, 规则动词的过去式是在动词后加或,不规则动词参照不规则动词表,需要专门记忆。肯定式 :主语 +动词的过去式+ 其他eg. I got up at six this morning. 否定式 :主语+ did not + 动词原形+ 其他eg. John didnt live here last year. 疑问式 :Did + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他eg. Did you see him a moment ago? 简略回答 .(肯)Yes, 主语+did (否)No , 主语+ didnt. 用法：
7、1.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态. eg. My father was at work yesterday. 2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与 often,always 等表示频度的时间状语连用. eg. He always went to work by bus last summer. 3.和 when 等连词引导的状语从句连用. eg. When she reached home, she had a short rest. 4.常与表示过去的时间状语, 如ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five
8、 years old, in 1995 等连用 .eg.They began the work two months ago. Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was. 不规则中寻 规则 英语中很多动词的过去式是不规则的，有些同学死记硬背，却效果不佳。 我们不妨共同寻找一些不规则动词中的“规则”，这样记忆起来就会事半功倍了。I 过去式与动词原形同形。例如：letlet, putput, hithit, read readred等。II动词原形以owaw 结尾，过去式常变为ew。例如：knowknew, grow grew, throwthrew, drawdrew
9、等。 但是也有一些例外， 例如：showshowed。III 许多动词只要将动词原形中的元音字母i 改为 a，就可变为过去式。例如：beginbegan, givegave, sing sang, swimswam, sitsat, drinkdrank, ring rang 等但是 winwon 例外。IV有些动词的过去式以o(a)ught 结尾。例如：bringbrought, buybought, think thought, catchcaught, teachtaught 等。注意 上述动词过去式究竟是以ought:t 还是 aught:t 结尾，只要记住“有a 则 a，无 a则 o
10、”即可。即:原形中有a 的，过去式变为aught，否则为ought。V 以 eep结尾的动词， 常将 eep改为 ept 构成过去式。 例如：keepkept, sleepslept, sweepswept 等。一般将来时一般将来时棗表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态结构：助动词 shall/will be (is ,am ,are ) going to + 动词原形（当主语第一人称时，一般用shall，当主语为第三人称时，用will ，但主语为第一人称时，也用will ）肯定式 :主语 +shall/will+ 动词原形 +其他否定式 :主语 +shall/will+not+ 动词原形 +其他
11、. 疑问式 :Shall/Will+ 主语 +动词原形 +其他简略回答 :(肯)Yes,主语 +shall/will . (否)No,主语 +shall/will+not 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 14 页缩写形式 : ll =shall/will shant= shall not wont = will not 用法 : 1.表示将要发生的动作或情况 ,常用时间状语有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow 等. eg. I
12、shall be eighteen years old next year. Maybe Chinas population _ (pass) 1,300,000,000 by the year 2005. 2.表示某种必然的趋势eg. Fish will die without water. 解析：1.在以第一人称为主语的问句中,常用shall 表示提议和询问情况,在以第二人称作主语的问句中 ,用 will 表示请求 . eg. Where shall we have the meeting? Will you please lend me your pen? 2.当主语是第一人称时,用 w
13、ill 表示意愿 .决心 .允诺 .命令等 . eg. I will give you an English-Chinese dictionary for your birthday. 3.在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时. eg. Tom will write to me when he gets there. 4.be going to + 动词原形也可表示将来时. (1).表示主观意愿 .打算等 . eg. Hes going to learn English next term. (2).根据已有迹象 ,可能要发生的情况eg. Look at the black
14、clouds! -It is going to rain. 现在进行时现在进行时棗表示目前或目前阶段正在进行的动作。( 表示“正在（在）干”) 结构： is/am/are + 动词的 -ing 形式( 动词的现在分词) 用法：1.表示目前发生(进行 )的动作 (不指状态 ),常用时间状语有:now, at the moment 等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中,与 look, listen 连用 . eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room.
15、2.表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作. eg. They are planting trees these days. 3.表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用. eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon. 注意 : 某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用现在进行时. eg. Lucy prefers art to scien
16、ce. 练习题：（选择填空）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 14 页一. 般现在时 . （） 1.My English teacher about thirty years old, but he younger than he really is. A. is, look B .is, looks C. am, look （）2.Jim very hard, but he till a little weak in Chinese. A. studies, is B. study, is C. doesn t stud
17、y, is（）3.We all know that the sun round the earth. A. goes B. don t go C. doesn t go （）4.There twelve months in a year and January first. A. is, comes B. are, come C. are, comes （）5.Who the kite best of all, Jim. Lucy or Lily? A .flies B. fly C .are flying （）6. the Great Wall one of the places of gr
18、eat interests in China? A.Was B. Do C. Is （）7. you usually to school with classmates? A. Do, comes B. does, come C. Do, come （）8. she home at six o clock every mornig? A. Do, comes B. Does. Come C. Do, come （）9. My mother like watcing TV ,so she to bed very early every evening. A doesnt ,go B. dont
19、go C. doesnt goes （）10.Mr Green usually newspapers after supper every day. A. read B. reading C. reads 二. 一般过去式 . （）1.The two in the same class last year. A. are B. was C. were （）2.-Where you ? -I went to buy some food for supper. （）3.The students in Li Lei s class on a farm last week. A. work B. wo
20、rks C. worked （）4. that worker in a shoe factory a year ago? A. Do, work B.Did, worked C. Did, work （）5.-Did you find your pen ? -Yes, I it two hours ago. A. found B. find C. finded （）6. your mother to work last Saturday? A. Did, go B. Do, go C. Does, go （）7.They not late the day before yesterday. A
21、. did B. were C. are （）8. they away from school last October? A. Did B. Were C. Do 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 14 页（）9. you to school last Sunday? A. Did, come B. Do, come C. Were, come （）10.What they for breakfast last week? A. were, have B. did, have C. will, have （）11.My
22、friend his homework fifteen minutes ago. A. finish B. finishes C. finished （）12.The boys only subjects last term, but this term they five. A. have, have B. had, had C. had, have （）13.Why Ann TV last night ? A. didn t, watch B. don t watch C. doesn t watch（）14.They stopped here because they the way t
23、o the station. A. didn t know B. don t know C. will know（）15-Where you find your ticket? -I it on the ground. A. did, found B. do, found C. were, find 三. 现在进行时 . （）1.Cant you see Uncle Wang and his friends some machines? A. is makig B. are making C.make （）2.My father TV with my mother now. A. watch
24、B. watching C. is watching （）3.Is six oclock in the evening, My family supper at the table. A. eats B. is eating C. are eating （）4. Lucy and Lily to speak Chinese with Miss Gao. A. Is, try B. Is trying C. Are, trying （）5.The dog itself outside the door. A. is washing B. wash C. washes （）6.The studen
25、ts in Class One carefully to their English teacher. A. is listening B. is looking C. are listening （）7.Listen! The children in the open air. A. singing B. is singing C. are singing （）8.Whats the matter, Li Lei? I for my pen. A. am look B. am looking C. look （）9.Lets go into the classroom. The bell .
26、 A. ringing B. is ringing C. is ring （）10.The man is badly hurt and he on the road sadly. A. is lying B. are lying C. lieing 四. 一般将来时 . （）1.The students back in two hours. A. come B. is coming C. came （）2.What you with your classmates this Sunday afternoon? A. are, do B.do, do C. will do （）3.There a
27、n English party in our class this evening. A. will have B. are going to have .C. is going to be （）4. Wei Hua visit the Great Wall during this summer holiday? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 14 页A.Do, going to B. Is, going to C. Will, going to （）5.When they leave for Beijing? A.
28、will, going .B. will, / C. do, going to （）6.-Where are you going ? -I the shops for some fruit. A. am going to B. go to C. shall going to go to （）7.Which oranges they to buy? A. are, going B. will, going C.do, going （）8.My mother says that she buy me a schoolbag better than this one. A. is B. shall
29、C. will （）9.Mr Green is afraid that Jim behind the other students after he comes back. A. will fall B. will fell C.is going to fell （）10.The students in my class harder than before this term. A. is going to study B. will going to study C. will study 现在完成时现在完成时的结构：主语+ “ have(has) + 过去分词”（1）现在完成时用来表示对
30、目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作 （常与 yet，already，just连用） ，或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况（常与for，since 连用） 。例如：1）I have just finished my homework. 2）Mary has been ill for three days. 注意： 与 for ,since 连用的动词必须用延续性动词，而不能用短暂性动词如：come be here go be there joinbe a member borrow keep leave be away 等等（2） 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since, for, d
31、uring, over 等引导出的短语； 副词 already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently 等；状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present 等。例如：1）I haven t been there for five years. 2）So far, she hasn t enjoyed the summer vacation. 3）There have been a lot of cha
32、nges since 1978. 一般过去时和现在完成时的比较与转换一般过去时 : 与之搭配的时间副词常用的有:Yesterday, last week, last year, at 5:30 , last weekend, last month. 有时用 on weekend, this morning 现在完成时 : 常用的时间副词有:ever, never, yet, still, already ， in the past ten years; in my life; today Examples: Linda still hasn t finished her homework.St
33、anley has already gotten bored with the life here in Toronto. Have you ever gone to Paris? I have gone to the post office twice today. 2、 过去完成时（1）表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before 等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。 表示“过去的过去” 例如：1）We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 精选学习资料 - -
34、 - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 14 页2）By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. （3）过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：1）by (the end of ) + 过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如：The experiment had been finished by 4 o clock yesterday afternoon. 八种时态的比较一般现在时和现在进行时a.一般现在时：重复发生的习惯性动作和真理。标志性的时间副词：always often
35、frequently usually sometimes every day every week every month occasionally once a month once a month once a year seldom rarely never Examples：She goes shopping every week. He reads Business News every morning. He seldom goes dancing. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Susan loves chocol
36、ate. b.表示一种状态或性质Examples: This tastes very good. I don t believe my eyes. I need a car. I hate this music. c.在讲述一个过去发生的故事时，有时可用一般现在时表示过去发生的一系列事情。-This use is called the “ historical present”.如在看图说话一类题时经常用到这一点。b Examples: h 一个美国人描述他到中国旅游的经历My friend and I arrive at the capital air port in Beijing on
37、the morning of May 25 th , 1993. Robert comes to meet with us in a taxi, and we drive to what is to be our apartment for nearly three. week. The drive is culture shock number one. We see people everywhere. Also, Beijing seems to be more modern than its has been written in all the books on China I ha
38、ve read. My friend and I are extremely astonished by the number of bicycles on the road, truly the kingdom of bicycles. 现在进行时：a.正在进行的动作常用的时间状语： （right）now at the（this） moment at present ;,?|Lm Examples：Robert is teaching at this moment 。Mendel is working on the first draft of his essay。I m looking f
39、or my umbrella right now. He s enjoying a holiday right now. b.表达在现在一段时间内重复发生的动作，但是动作在说话时不一定正在进行。常用的时间副词： these days Nowadays today this semester/quarter this week/month/year Examples: He s relaxing this week. He s working as a librarian this semester. c.对一类经常发生的事情所表达的强烈情感常用的时间副词：Always Forever cons
40、tantly Examples: Hes always complaining. （他怎么总是抱怨。 ）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 14 页Youre always dancing.（你怎么总是跳舞，是不是太多了吧。）一般现在时和现在完成时一般现在时：表达的动作不表明动作从何时开始或已进行了多长时间。Examples: Helen and Tom are happily married. Bruce listens to the news every morning. 现在完成时 : a.现在完成时所表达的动作正在进
41、行,但句子总是表明动作是什么时候开始的。Examples: Helen and Tom have been happily married since their wedding day 60 years ago. Bruce has listened to the news all his life without missing a day. b.与现在完成时常用的两个词: For and Since For:表示动作持续的一段时间。如:for two minutes/weeks/years ；for several days/a long time/the past month 而在一般
42、现在时不能与之连用。Since: 表示动作从何时开始时间点. 如 :since 6:00/Apr. 23/last week /the accident 现在进行时和现在完成时现在进行时：表示一个正在进行的动作,但不表明动作从什么时候开始的。Examples: He is waiting over there. Matthew is studying Chinese in Beijing. 现在完成时：可表明发生动作的具体数字和次数。Examples: He has tried to pass the exam twice. 一般过去时和过去进行时a.二者的区别在于一般过去进行时表示在过去某个
43、特定时间正在进行的动作。Examples: My brother was sleeping at 2:00 yesterday afternoon. My neighbor s dog was barking at 3:00 this morning. b.二者的区别在于一般过去进行时表示在过去同一时间两个同时进行的动作。与之常用的时间副词: while, as Examples; Robert was moving the lawn while Susan was fixing the car. As Michael was visiting Paris, Robert was teachi
44、ng English classes in Beijing. 一般过去时和过去将来时二者的区别在于过去将来时表示在过去打算做,但是没有做的动作.而一般过去时表示为什么没有做的原因。Examples: I was going to become a rock star but I didn t know the right people in the music business. 一般过去时和过去完成时二者的区别在于过去完成时表示在过去的过去所发生的动作。Examples: Mary was hungry because she hadn t eaten breakfast. Charlie
45、lost his way to the hotel although he had been there a few days earlier. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 14 页I realized that I hadn t eaten a single French Fry since I started my diet. 一般现在时和一般将来时- 一般现在时在时间和条件从句当中表示将来时的动作。Examples: As soon as I save enough money I ll buy a big h
46、ouse. When he gets back home he will phone a friend in New York. If it rains tomorrow we will cancel the camping trip. 过去进行时 be (was,were)+ 现在分词 动词的时态和语态试题与解析（）1.He stepped into the office, _ down and began to fill in the forms. A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it （）2.She said she would telepho
47、ne but we _from her so far. A. haven t heard B. didn t hear C. hadn t heard D. won t hear（）3.When I got to the cinema, the film _for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. was （）4.Ill go with you as soon as I_ my homework. A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. finished （）5.If
48、 it _tomorrow, I wont go to the cinema. A. will rain B. rains C. is raining D. rained （）6.She is going to be a nurse when she up. A. is going to grow B. grows C. growing D. grew （）7. 下列四句是“这本书我已经买了三个月了。”的英译文，哪一种不对？A. I have had this book for three months. B. I have bought this book for three months.
49、 C. I bought this book three months ago. D. It is three months since I bought this book. （）8. Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. Oh, how nice of you! I_ you _ to bring me a gift. A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going C. didn t think; were going D. had t thought; were goin
50、g（）9.When I was at college I_ three foreign languages, but I_ all except for a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten （）10.The police found that the house_and a lot of things_. A. has broken into; has been stolen