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1、People use that term whenever they tell a story about problems Chinese meet when they go abroad or when they want to describe problems foreigners have when they come to China.e.g.-a story told by Li MingOnce I was in America for an international conference. During my staying there, I usually took bu
2、ses to visit some museums and shopping-malls. There were not many people taking buses, and each could have a seat most of the time.One day when our bus stopped at one bus-stop, an old lady got on. Noticing there was no vacant seat on the bus, I decided to offer my seat. I stood up, and said with a s
3、mile: Old lady,please sit down. Out of my expectation, the old lady refused to take the seat, and responded: Im not old! There was also an unpleasant look on her face. I was rather confused and embarrassed at that moment, and didnt know what to do. Culture ShockTroublesome feelings such as depressio
4、n,loneliness,confusion,inadequacy,hostility,frustration,and tension,caused by the loss of familiar cues from the home culture.RisksLoss of self-confidenceJob lossRetreat into home cultureMore rigid personality . .OpportunitiesNew job opportunitiesMore confidence More flexible personalityAbility to f
5、unction in more than one culture .When put into any significantly new and challenging situations ，the person faces risks and has opportunitiesThe importance of the adaptation. Adaptation is a process with identifiable stages. Learning the process will not prevent culture shock,but it will help you t
6、o understand what is happening to you. The adapatation process1.Excitement2.confusion3.frustration4.Effectiveness5.Appreciation6.Increased ability Before: anticipate the experience with a great deal of excitementAfter: the excitement continues through the early periodExample: college students; new f
7、oreign teachers ; the expatriate manager（外籍经理）（外籍经理） In all these cases the newcomer is using standards from his home culture to evaluate the situation in the new culture.College students: high expectation of colorful life in college (before); delight in the flexible time schedule (after)Expatriate
8、managers: surprise in his better-than-expected housing and the professional attitude of the local stuff (after)New foreign teachers: satisfaction in students particular charming and cooperative（这里应该加上一个名词？） (after) DifferencesSeem exotic and entertainingEasy enough to deal withTend to respond with b
9、ehaviors that works at home:Be polite to people around;Show respect;Be patient; Work （or）study hard;Ask questions;Keep a sense of humorWill fail to produce the desired results sooner or laterAt the beginning of the confusion stage, the person in an unfamiliar culture often experiences a sudden decli
10、ne in mood or spirit. (Case1: Wu Lian, an English major studying in the US)Living in an enclave eases the difficulties of the early stages of adaptation Advantages: a) speaking ones native language; b) eating and living in a way similar to home; c) having many associates who have more experience wit
11、h the host culture DisadvantagesCase 1 DoubtsDoubtsWu Lian, an English major studying at a university in the US, starts out confidently. She knows that her language skills are better than those of most Chinese studying abroad.At first everything is fine, but gradually she discovers that professors d
12、o not always present materials in an organized way nor do they always speak clearly. They talk either too fast or with a foreign accent so that she cannot keep up. Wu Lian also finds she cannot understand the group conversations of her native speaking classmates. They use a lot of slang, make jokes
13、she does not understand, and convey much of their meaning with subtle gestures she cannot decode. She feels heself like an incapable child.What more, fresh fruits and vegetables are so expensive there, and the food in the dinning hall is so unappetizing. “Why dont they have street sellers here?” She
14、 (is)often confused. How(What) can Wu Lian do to ease these difficuties?Strategies for coping with Strategies for coping with adaptation stressadaptation stress（分析最好能联系前面（分析最好能联系前面的例子讲，不然太抽象）的例子讲，不然太抽象）Be alert for signs of adaptation stress Health problemsLoss of self-confidenceLoneliness, sense of
15、 loss, severe homesicknessNegative feelingsUse your “retreats” from the new culture constructivelyLook for people from your home country with positive attitudes Pay attention to differences within the new culture and avoid making generalizations in the host cultureSeek out positive experiences withi
16、n the new cultureBe tolerant of yourself and others Stage 3 Frustration Stage 3 FrustrationMore negative attitudesThe newcomer starts to put blame for his difficulties on the new culture and its people; In a way, this is a change for the better:Pay more attention to what people around him are doingH
17、as already had experiences with people who behaved badly (Example: a westerner cheated by a vendor in China) What will a Westerner in China who suspects he is being cheated by a vendor do? There are two possibilities: 1) may simply toss his bag of fruit back and walk away; 2) may start yelling and a
18、ccusing in whatever language he is able to manageWhen we come up with problems in the new culture, we should not allow this new situation to defeat us. We should react actively and try to cope with the difficulties.This is the first step in learning something new.This is the first step in learning s
19、omething new.In this stage, the newcomer is no longer feeling bad. The efforts they made at the third stage pay off and the person becomes more effective. transformA newcomer a sensitive observer of life in the new culture By this time the person is able to accept both the similarities and the diffe
20、rences between his home culture and the new culture. Life is definitely becoming more comfortable.In this stage, the person moves beyond effectiveness and is developing a more personal understanding of new culture and values it. idealize their home while away; prefer new culture and reject come？ cul
21、ture (case2)new culturehome cultureVS Pleasant environment And fresh air ;Advanced facilities; Simple interpersonal relationshipDirty streets and air; Backward living standards and equipment; Hypocritical and face-savingcase2 The Homecoming （case 最好都读一下）Lan, who has been studying and working in the
22、US for six years, is planning to go back home for two weeks. The whole family are looking forward to this reunion. However, everyone was not as happy as they had expected. Lan was impatient when her relatives came to visit her one after another. She also complain about life in China, finding fault w
23、ith streets, department stores and television programs.Once while cooking with her mother, she became annoyed with the unbearably-cold water, thinking of that in every American home, you can make the tap water any temperature you want. Lans parents insisted that Lan buy some small gifts for her old
24、friends, however, Lan objected and said that thats her money and in America no one is forced to spend their money to save face for the family.Hong, her sister, could hardly believe that she was the same person who had been so kind and considerate years before. She didnt know what had become wrong wi
25、th her dear sister.More challenging cross-cultural More challenging cross-cultural experiencesexperiences The person will rapeat adaptation process as he moves deeper and deeper into new culture, however, he now accepts the ups and downs of adaptation as part of life. He is better able to cope with it.21 结束语结束语