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1、Unit 1:CultureTeaching Objectives1.To understand the definitions of culture.2.To know about the metaphors of culture.3.To learn about the characteristics of culture.Warm up Questions1.How did Chinese and American perceive Parents beating their own child differently?To show respect to the other or gi
2、ve the face to the otherIllegal as the child abuse2.What is a good friend in Chinese and American culture?Be loyal to each other and never betray even to lieBe honest and constructive and helpful3.How did Sunwukong in A Journey to the West represent the traditional Chinese values and ethics?Warmhear
3、ted,compassionate,perseverantBad-tempered,violentDefinition of CultureCulture is ubiquitous,multi-dimensional and all-pervasive,as we have it almost anywhere and anytime.So what is culture?It is estimated that there are more than 164 definitions of culture.We are trying to examine the three ingredie
4、nts of culture to reach an consensus(pg.5-6).Three Ingredients1.artifacts2.behavior 3.concepts(beliefs,values,world views)e.g.Whereas the money is considered an artifact,the actual spending and saving of the money is behavior.Then the value placed on it is a concept.From Anthropologic Perspective Cu
5、lture is the civilizations and achievements of a particular time or people.This is an anthropologists definition.Greek cultureEgyptian cultureChinese cultureBabylonFrom Intellectual PerspectiveAccording to the Concise Oxford Dictionary,culture is the arts and other manifestations of human intellectu
6、al achievement regarded collectively.It refers to intellectual perspective,such as music,art,exhibition,dance,etc.When you talk about Picasso,Beethoven,etc.,you are talking about culture.musicexhibitiondancePicassoBeethovenFrom Psychological PerspectiveCulture is an observable pattern of behavior wh
7、ich distinguishes the members of one category of people from another.From Intercultural Communication PerspectiveCulture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs,values,and norms,which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.SummaryCulture involves at least three co
8、mponents:1.the material and spiritual products people produce2.what they do3.what they thinkMetaphors for CultureBy examining the metaphors for culture,we are going to figure out the prominent characteristics of culture.1.The Cultural Iceberg2.The Culture OnionThe aspects of culture that are explici
9、t,visible,taught.The aspects of culture that are intangible and not taught directly.Just as an iceberg which has a visible section above the waterline and a larger invisible section below the waterline,culture has some aspects that are observable and others that can only be suspected and imagined.Al
10、so like an iceberg,the part of culture that is visible is only a small part of a much bigger whole.It is said nine-tenth of culture is below the surface.(pg.7)Mongolians are very serious and composed in their expressions.In the city,this is beginning to change slightly.Youll see a number of my stude
11、nts smiling.But this is not traditional.When I first came here,my friends asked me why Americans smile so much.They felt that Americana smile even at people they dont like and that quite insincere.Lisa BuchwalderKimono;Saki;Tatamithe BeatlesGreetingsWork to liveLive to workCulture in the outer layer
12、:A particular symbol is chosen gives a good idea of the culture of that instance.Heroes are chosen as examples for people in a particular group.Culture in the middle layer:The things one is supposed to do in certain situations or at certain moments of the day,the week or the year.Culture in the inne
13、r nucleus layer:At the centre of the onion lie the values,the reasons why we do.These values are the core of the culture,but more difficult to observe and to know,even in ones own culture.Culture can be imagined as an onion,consisting of multiple layers.Characteristics of CultureCulture is shared.Al
14、l communications take place by means of symbols.Cloud of fortunePoundDangerRightWrongReligionWhy can the picture on the money prove the man is the Sultan of Brunei?Why does the image on money usually symbolize?BruPoundCulture is learned.Culture is learned,not inherited.It derives from ones social en
15、vironment,not from ones genes.Enculturation(文化习得文化习得):all the activities of learning ones culture are called enculturation.An American boy was born in the united States,but grew up in China,as his parents were doing business in China.He finished his primary school and junior school in China.At schoo
16、l he studied and played with his Chinese classmates and spoke mandarin.But he spoke English with his parents at home.What troubled his parents most was that his thinking and behaviors were just identical to a Chinese boys,which often made his communication with his parents difficult.Culture is dynam
17、ic.(pg.6)Culture is subject to change.Its dynamic rather than static,constantly changing and evolving under the impact of events and through contact with other cultures.Acculturation(文化适应文化适应):the process which adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity
18、between the two cultures.Culture is ethnocentric(文化中心主义文化中心主义).Ethnocentric is the belief that your own cultural background is superior.Inferior complex and foreign things worshipping mentalityThe foreign moon is rounder.Miss Americans dreamEthnocentrismWhy does the fact of calling Asia the east actually manifest the Eurocentric ethnocentrism?How do we deal with ethnocentrism?