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1、YOUR LOGO原 创 文 档 请 勿 盗 版名师归纳总结名师精编优秀教案高三英语语法复习教案之时态、语态 （带 07-08 年高考真题）【 时态的基本概念】时态是表示谓语动作时间概念的动词形式。英语中的时态专指谓语动词而言，不同时间概念的谓语动作有不同的时态，每一个时态又有各自不同的动词形式。高中阶段要求学生熟练掌握八种时态，此外现在完成进行时在高中教材中反复出现，也应列入 “应知应会 ”的范围。1.一般现在时：经常发生的动作或规律性的动作。Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food. (P.2, Senior Book1B)The
2、 moon travels round the earth once every month. (P. 8, Senior Book2B)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的概念。引起时间状语从句的连词有： when, after, before, until,as soon as；引起条件状语从句的连词有：if,unless;so(as)long as。I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves are free. (P.52, Senior Book1A)2. 一般过去时：过去发生过了的动作，这个动作
3、的全过程已经结束。诸如yesterday,ag都o是典型的一般过去时的时间状语。lastFortunately, I was in time for the interview. (P.34, Senior Book2B)The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences andanswered theirquestions as honestly as I could. (P.34, Senior Book2B)3.一般将来时：将要发生的动作。- It s a bit windy today, isn t i
4、t?-Yes, it is. Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine. (P.43, senior Book2B)Besides, you will not find coral near the mouths of rivers either because the river water hastoo much soil in it or because it is polluted. (P.20, Senior Book2B)Do you think our manager is going to have a new factory built? (
5、P.24, Senior Book2B)4.现在进行时：说话时正在发生的动作。I m doinga word puzzle in this newspaper. I m tryingto find the name of a famous person.Can you help me? (P. 1, Senior Book2B)现在进行时同always 配合使用时，带有厌恶、批评，不喜欢等感情色彩。They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating. (P.3, SeniorBook1B)精品学
6、习资料第 1 页，共 21 页名师归纳总结名师精编优秀教案5.过去进行时 : 过去某一时间或某段时间正在进行的动作。He bought a coffee and as the train was travelingfast and moving from side to side , hedecided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat. (P.32, Senior Book2B)thOver 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out
7、 on the 11floor. (P.6,Senior Book1B)6.现在完成时：与现在有联系的过去的动作。Mr. Ball has just called on Mrs. Zhu to give her a message. (P.13, Senior Book2B)同现在的联系是：“刚刚探访了朱夫人，给她带了口信”，这件事距现在时间很近，没有多长时间。We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose storyI have just toldyou. (P.19,Senior Book1B)同现在的联系是：现在你们已经知道有关
8、她的经历，不会影响做出决定。7.过去完成时： 比过去的一个参照动作或时间更早的动作，作为参照的过去的动作或时间有时在句子中直接表述出来，有时通过上下文暗示。Her parents were dead and had left her a lot of money. (P.14, Senior Book2B)本句中 had left her a lot of money发生在 her parents were dead 之前，比较容易看出 “过去的过去 ”，应该不会产生理解上的困难。Einstein had always been fond of music and had learnt mus
9、ic as a young boy. (P.3, SeniorBook2B)课文一直在叙述爱因斯坦的经历、成就， 使用的都是一般过去时。或者我们可以说一般过去时是课文的基础时态。课文的最后又倒叙爱因斯坦少年时代的事情，这是比基础时态一般过去时更早的动作，因此两个并列的谓语动词都用过去完成时。在这类句子中， 作为参照的动作或时间需要我们通过对文章的整体理解才能体会出来。8.过去将来时： 以过去某一时间为参照，将要发生的动作。在宾语从句中由于时态呼应的要求，经常会用到过去将来时。I thought it was going to be fun. (P.54, Senior Book1A)针对I t
10、hought这个过去的动作而言的将来。9.现在完成进行时：由过去开始，延续到现在并且可能继续进行的动作。现在完成进行时在句子中一般可以翻译成“一直 ”。People have been talking of it a lot recently. (P.25, Senior Book2B)精品学习资料第 2 页，共 21 页名师归纳总结名师精编优秀教案最近人们一直在大量地谈论这件事。Pippa s parenhtasve been waiting for them. ( P.61, Senior Book2A)Pippa 的父母一直在等他们。For years we have been drea
11、ming better housing and jobs. (P.37, Senior Book2B)多年来我们一直梦想着更好的住房和工作。【 相关知识及运用】1.一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区别。上述三个时态在使用中容易混淆是因为他们有相近的地方，这个相近之处就是“过去 ”。现在完成时和过去完成时的概念都同“过去 ”有关， 彼此之间的混淆便由此产生。只有抓住他们的不同，才能熟练地将这三种时态区别开。一般过去时只用以陈述过去发生过的事情。In a poor district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the o
12、wner of which wasMonsieur Defarge. (P.56, Senior Book2B)向读者陈述1775 年所发生的故事的地点、人物等有关信息。现在完成时表达的动作虽然发生在过去，但说话时要强调的是这个过去的动作与现在有关系，语意的重心着眼于现在。这种过去的动作同现在的联系有两种情况：a)过去的动作对现在仍具有影响。-Would you go to see the film with me this evening?-Sorry, I have seen it before.have seen the film 的动作肯定发生在过去，对现在的影响是“我不想和你去看了”
13、。b)过去的动作延续到现在。表示这种延续时经常会用到for 、 since 一类时间状语。I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university. (从毕业一直延续到现在)We have lived in Beijing for about 20 years. (20年前发生的“ live，”一直延续到现在)过去完成时必须有一个过去的动作作为参照点，由此发生了同一般过去时混淆的问题。过去完成时是一种相对的时态，它必须有一个过去的动作为参照，比这个过去的参照动作更早的动作才能用过去完成时。如果没有这个过去的参照的动作，就没有过
14、去完成时，即使是一亿年前的动作也是一般过去时。When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.got to the cinema 是过去的动作，had begun 则发生在got to the cinema 之前。进行时态的两种概念精品学习资料第 3 页，共 21 页名师归纳总结名师精编优秀教案现在进行时和过去进行时都具有两种不同的时间概念：瞬间概念和阶段概念。现在进行时的瞬间概念就是“说话的时候 ”。表示瞬间概念时，现在进行时的时态特点是，动作已经开始，正在过程中，但尚未结束。基于这一特点，下列句子通常用现在进行时，以表达动作没有结束。Our cou
15、ntry is getting stronger and stronger.I m getting on well with my English.过去进行时的瞬间概念通常用表示“点时间 ”的时间状语表达出来。I was doing my homework this time yesterday.Mother was cooking when I came home.阶段概念的时间状语是“段时间 ”，表示在一段时间内一直在做的动作，至于动作是否结束则不是说话者所关心的。He is writing a new novel these days.这些天他一直在写一本新小说。（没有干其他的事情）Th
16、e workers were building a bridge last year.这些工人们去年一直在修建一座桥。2.将来时的五种动词形式1.will(shall)+ 动词原形，用以表示“预见 ”和 “主观意图 ”Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side. (P1,Senior Book2A)（表示 “预见 ”）Let s go together then.wIill meet you at the theatre at six-thirty. (P.19, Se
17、nior Book2A)(表示 “主观意图 )2.be going to +动词原形，用以表示“打算做某事 ”或 “已经有迹象将要发生的情况。I m going to cut this tree down. (P.25, Senior Book1B)It is going to rain. ( 有迹象表明将要下雨)3.be to +动词原形，用以表示按照计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止。The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked foryou. (P.33, S
18、enior Book2B)4.will be doing ，在当代英语中用以表示纯粹的将来。精品学习资料第 4 页，共 21 页名师归纳总结名师精编优秀教案Who will be taking over her job?Everybody else will be wearing jewellery. (P.13, Senior Book1B)5.用进行时的动词形式表示将来的概念。这种用法通常仅限于瞬间动词，因为瞬间动词不可能有 “进行 ”的概念，所以不会产生歧义。How many of you are making the trip? (P.9, Senior Book1B)Is anybo
19、dy seeing you off? (P.13 Senior Book1A)【 语态的基本概念】语态是表示主语、谓语和宾语之间相互关系的动词形式。在英语中有主动语态和被动语态之分。主动语态所表达的主、谓、宾之间的关系是：主语发出或执行谓语动作，谓语动作的对象或承受者为宾语。即主语同谓语具有语意上的逻辑关系，谓语同宾语具有语意上的逻辑关系。被动语态所表达的关系是：动作的承受者做句子的主语，这时句子的主语和谓语之间具有逻辑上的动宾关系。SatellitesforbroadcastingareusedtosendradioandTVprogrammes from one part of the w
20、orld to another. (P.8, Senior Book2B)谓语动词 use同主语 satellites for broadcasting具有逻辑动宾关系，因此使用被动语态。我们可以将这个句子恢复成正常的主、谓、宾关系：We use satellites for broadcasting to send radio and TV programmesfrom one part of the world to another.【 相关知识及运用】1.被动语态的动词形式问题：在语言实践中， 语态和时态总是结合在一起使用，每一个时态都有同它相对应的被动语态形式。精品学习资料第 5 页，
21、共 21 页名师归纳总结名师精编优秀教案被动语态的基本形式：语态助动词be + 过去分词。凡需进行时态变化时，只将变为与其相应的时态形式，过去分词永远不变。be动词的时态、语态形式变化对照表do主动语态被动语态一般现在时do ( does )am(is, are )+ done一般过去时didwas(were )+ done一般将来时will(shall) dowill be + done现在进行时am(is are )doingam(is,are)being+done过去进行时was(were) doingwas(were)being+done现在完成时have(has) donehave(
22、has)been+done过去完成时had donehad been+done过去将来时would dowould be + done现在完成进行时没有被动形式have(has)been doing过去完成进行时没有被动形式Had been doingMany of them are well received,such as FollowMe; FollowMe to Science.(P.46, SeniorBook1A)Ships and planes can be warned so that they can keep out of the path of the hurricane
23、. (P.9,Senior Book2B)They are already being used in agriculture and industry. (P.26, Senior Book2B)Computer will be used more and more in transport. (P.26, Senior Book2B)A new government programme has been designed to help disabled people .(P.46, SeniorBook2B)2.高考试题实例分析直接考查时态、 语态知识的试题主要体现在单项选择和改错两个题
24、型中，而且几乎每年都会考到， 因此必须将时态、 语态问题作为复习的重点内容，务求达到深刻理解，熟练运用。精品学习资料第 6 页，共 21 页名师归纳总结名师精编优秀教案近年来高考命题的特点是，在特定的语言环境中考查对时态、语态的理解。试题的意图往往隐蔽、迂回，迷惑项的设计技巧很高，容易干扰考生的思维。 如果没有对时态概念的深刻理解，没有对语言应用环境的综合分析， 便会对试题感到困惑。 下列试题可以帮助我们领悟高考命题的趋势。例 1：Selecting a mobile phoneforpersonal use is no easy task because technology sorapid
25、ly. （ 20XX 年高考试题）A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change答案为 A 。试题没有把考查的意图定位于对时态概念的简单理解，考生必须对现在进行时的本质特征- 动作尚未完成，仍在过程中- 有深刻的理解，否则将思路仅仅局限在“正在变化 ”、 “已经变化 ”或“将要变化 ”，难于得出正确的结论。例 2：I ping- pong quite well, but havenhad timetto play since the new year. （ 20XX 年高考试题）A. will playB. have
26、 playedC. playedD. play答案为 D 。 but分句使用现在完成时，将谈话的时间概念限定在“当前 ”。如果选C，前一分句说 “过去 ”，后一分句说“现在 ”，不合逻辑。本句的意思是说“乒乓球一向打得好，只是最近一段时间没有打”， “乒乓球打得好”是一种技能，选用一般现在时，是“经常发生的动作 ”这一概念的扩展和延伸。例 3：- You haven t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?- I m sorry I anything about it sooner. I certainly think i
27、t（ 20XX s pretty on you.年高考试题）A. wasn t sayingB. don t sayC. won t sayD. didn t say精品学习资料第 7 页，共 21 页名师归纳总结名师精编优秀教案答案为 D 。 sorry 的原因是早先没有说到这件事，因此必须用一般过去时。例 4：The price , but I doubt whether it will remain so.（1999 年高考试题）A. went downB. will go downC. has gone downD. was going down答案为C。目前价格的状况已经低下来，至于
28、“价格下降 ”始于何时同谈话的内容无关。试题意在考查对“过去的动作对现在的影响”的理解。时态语态基础训练1I.用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式填充。1. Lets keep to the point or we never (reach) any decisions.2. My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I (miss) half of it.3. I donthintk Jim saw me; he just (start) into space.4. I (ask) you not to move my dictio
29、nary now I cant find it.5. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people (begin) toenjoy the advantages of this new technology.6. -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?-No, I (invite). Did they have a big wedding?7. Shirley (write)a book about C
30、hina last year but I don kt now whether she hasfinished it.8. John and I have been friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmasparty. But we (see) each other a couple of times before that.9. His wife (hope) to catch the first train but she was too late.10. I (catch) in the
31、 heavy rain on the way to the cinema.11. I found the sentence (not read) smoothly.12. What he had said at the meeting (prove) true.13. -Did you see Tom at the party?- No. He (leave) by the time I arrived. s already 10 o clock.14. - How time flies! It- Oh, I (not realize) it at all.精品学习资料第 8 页，共 21 页
32、名师归纳总结名师精编优秀教案15. - I m sorry that I shouldn t have been so rude to you. s OK.- You did (lose) your temper but thatII. 用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式确翻译下列各句：一直抓着 ) him but1. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who (failed.2. -What were you doing when Tony phoned you?-I had just finished my work an
33、d ( 正准备开始 )to take a shower.3. -You were out when I dropped in at your house.-Oh, I ( 在等候 )for a friend from England at the airport.4. - Why haven t you asked her to come here?- She ( 正在做工 ) an important experiment when I found her and she hasn tfinished it.5. - What were you up to when she dropped
34、in?- I ( 刚玩了一会儿)for a while and (正打算看书)some reading. often ( 会 看 到6.Turnonthetelevisionoropena magazineandyou)advertisement showing happy families.7. - What place is it?- Haven t yuo seen that we are back where we (回到了原地 )? d like you and Jane to come.8. - Tomorrow is my birthday. I- I m not sure if
35、 she 将( )free.9. The crazy fans (一直在等 )patiently for two hours and they wouldwait till the movie star arrived.10. You ( 要求你 ask) not to move the desk now it is broken.时态语态基础训练21. By the time I saw the angry expression in his face, I exactly what I was having toface. But not for a moment I should qui
36、t.A. had known ; I thoughtB. have known ; had I thoughtC. would know ; I would thinkD. knew ; did I think精品学习资料第 9 页，共 21 页名师归纳总结名师精编优秀教案2. In such a fierce competition, a person h as to make every effort if he .A. has succeededB. is to succeedC. should succeedD. will succeed3. The man opened his ey
37、es and moved his lips, as if that hehad something to tell the doctor.A. sayingB. having saidC. to sayD. to have said4. Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303? It should be 302. But I hear that it till tomorrow.A. was put offB. will put offC. has been put offD. is put off5. The University of Tokyo is
38、 the oldest university in Japan and has always been in the leadwhen it comes to new challenges.A. be facedB. faceC. facingD. faced6. In fact, more and more people to live a greener, healthier and more environmentally“ green life”.A. choseB. chooseC. are choosingD. have chosen clock tonight.7. Our ca
39、r at the present speed until it reaches Qingdao at about nine oA. wentB. is goingC. goesD. will be going8. China is to continued help to Iraq in its reconstruction.A. willingly ; giveB. willing ; givingC. willing ; offerD. will ; offering9. I thought you were going to leave early today to take your
40、son to the show. I , but I can t leave until I finish typing all the letters.A. had planned toB. planned toC. am still planning toD. was still planning to10. Unfortunately, when we dropped in, Doctor Li for Indonesia to rescue theinjured there, so we only had time for a few words.A. has just leftB.
41、was just leavingC. had just leftD. just left11. Is the radio bothering you ? It certainly is. I d like it .A. turned offB. to turn offC. being turned offD. turning off12. The teacher seldom let an opportunity to teach his students or to help them make up forthe days of schooling they had missed .精品学
42、习资料第 10 页，共 21 页名师归纳总结名师精编优秀教案A. passB. passingC. to passD. being passed13. Recently quite a lot of experts that another law on wildlife protection assoon as possible.A. suggested; must be passedB. have suggested; be passedC. were suggested; must be passedD. suggested; being passed t do his work pro
43、perly.14. He fault with other people though he doesnA. always findsB. has always foundC. is always findingD. always found15. I for three hours when I suddenly became sick.A. had been workingB. would workC. have workedD. am working16. Has George returned from Japan yet? I d like to meet him. I m terr
44、ibly sorry, but he back here only for last weekend.A. has beenB. would beC. had beenD. was17. I m very disappointed with my neighbor. She said she would keep her cat off my grass,but she .A. didn tB. hasn t C. wouldn tD. hadnt18. Why do you look so upset? There are so many troublesome problems .A. remaining settledB. remained settledC. remaining to be settledD. remained to be settled19. The house keeper mentioned that the dog her daughter more than once.A.