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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀教案高三英语语法复习教案之【时态的基本概念】时态、语态 （带 07-08 年高考真题）时态是表示谓语动作时间概念的动词形式；英语中的时态专指谓语动词而言,不同时间概念的谓语动作有不同的时态,每一个时态又有各自不同的动词形式；高中阶段要求同学娴熟把握八种时态,此外现在完成进行时在高中教材中反复显现,也应列入 “应知应会 ”的范畴；1.一般现在时： 常常发生的动作或规律性的动作；Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food. P.2, Senior Book1B The moon
2、 travels round the earth once every month. P. 8, Senior Book2B 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来的概念；引起时间状语从句 的连词有： when, after, before, until, as soon as；引起条件状语从句的连词有：if, unless; soaslong as；I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves are free. P.52, Senior Book1A last2.一般过去时：过去发生过了的动作,这个动作的全
3、过程已经终止；诸如yesterday, ago 都是典型的一般过去时的时间状语；Fortunately, I was in time for the interview. P.34, Senior Book2B The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could. P.34, Senior Book2B 3.一般将来时： 将要发生的动作；-It s a bit windy today, isnt it.-Ye
4、s, it is. Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine. P.43, senior Book2B Besides, you will not find coral near the mouths of rivers either because the river water has too much soil in it or because it is polluted. P.20, Senior Book2B Do you think our manager is going to have a new factory built. P.24, S
5、enior Book2B 4.现在进行时： 说话时正在发生的动作；Im doing a word puzzle in this newspaper. I m trying to find the name of a famous person. Can you help me. P. 1, Senior Book2B 现在进行时同 always 协作使用时,带有厌恶、批判,不喜爱等感情颜色；They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating. P.3, Senior Book1B 名师归纳总结
6、- - - - - - -第 1 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀教案5.过去进行时 :过去某一时间或某段时间正在进行的动作；He bought a coffee and as the train was traveling fast and moving from side to side , he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat. P.32, Senior Book2B Over 500 people were working in the buil
7、ding when the fire broke out on the 11 th floor. P.6, Senior Book1B 6.现在完成时： 与现在有联系的过去的动作；Mr. Ball has just called on Mrs. Zhu to give her a message. P.13, Senior Book2B 同现在的联系是：“刚刚探访了朱夫人,给她带了口信” ,这件事距现在时间很近,没有多长时间；We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story Senior Book1B I have just
8、 told you. P.19, 同现在的联系是：现在你们已经知道有关她的经受,不会影响做出打算；7.过去完成时： 比过去的一个参照动作或时间更早的动作,间有时在句子中直接表述出来,有时通过上下文示意；作为参照的过去的动作或时Her parents were dead and had left her a lot of money. P.14, Senior Book2B 本句中 had left her a lot of money 发生在 her parents were dead之前,比较简洁看出 “过去的过去 ”,应当不会产生懂得上的困难；Einstein had always bee
9、n fond of music and had learnt music as a young boy. P.3, Senior Book2B 课文始终在表达爱因斯坦的经受、成就, 使用的都是一般过去时；或者我们可以说一般过去时是课文的基础时态；课文的最终又倒叙爱因斯坦少年时代的事情,这是比基础时态一般过去时更早的动作,因此两个并列的谓语动词都用过去完成时；在这类句子中, 作为参照的动作或时间需要我们通过对文章的整体懂得才能体会出来；8.过去将来时： 以过去某一时间为参照,将要发生的动作；在宾语从句中由于时态呼应的要求,常常会用到过去将来时；I thought it was going to
10、be fun. P.54, Senior Book1A 针对 I thought 这个过去的动作而言的将来；9.现在完成进行时：由过去开头,连续到现在并且可能连续进行的动作；现在完成进行时在句子中一般可以翻译成“始终 ” ；People have been talking of it a lot recently. P.25, Senior Book2B 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀教案最近人们始终在大量地谈论这件事；Pippa s parents have been waiting for t
11、hem. P.61, Senior Book2A Pippa 的父母始终在等他们；For years we have been dreaming better housing and jobs. P.37, Senior Book2B 多年来我们始终理想着更好的住房和工作；【相关学问及运用】1. 一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区分；上述三个时态在使用中简洁混淆是由于他们有相近的地方,这个相近之处就是“过去 ”；现在完成时和过去完成时的概念都同“过去 ” 有关, 彼此之间的混淆便由此产生；只有抓住他们的不同,才能娴熟地将这三种时态区分开；一般过去时只用以陈述过去发生过的事情；In a po
12、or district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the owner of which was Monsieur Defarge. P.56, Senior Book2B 向读者陈述 1775 年所发生的故事的地点、人物等有关信息；现在完成时表达的动作虽然发生在过去,但说话时要强调的是这个过去的动作与现在有关系,语意的重心着眼于现在；这种过去的动作同现在的联系有两种情形：a过去的动作对现在仍具有影响；-Would you go to see the film with me this evening. -Sorry,
13、I have seen it before. have seen the film 的动作确定发生在过去,对现在的影响是“我不想和你去看了”；b过去的动作连续到现在；表示这种连续时常常会用到for 、since 一类时间状语；I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university. “从毕业始终连续到现在 We have lived in Beijing for about 20 years. 20年前发生的live,始终连续到现在 过去完成时必需有一个过去的动作作为参照点,由此发生了同一般过去时混淆的问题；过去完成时是一种
14、相对的时态,它必需有一个过去的动作为参照,比这个过去的参照动即作更早的动作才能用过去完成时；假如没有这个过去的参照的动作,就没有过去完成时,使是一亿年前的动作也是一般过去时；When I got to the cinema, the film had begun. got to the cinema 是过去的动作,进行时态的两种概念had begun 就发生在 got to the cinema 之前；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀教案现在进行时和过去进行时都具有两种不同的时间概念：瞬时概念和阶段
15、概念；现在进行时的瞬时概念就是“说话的时候 ”；表示瞬时概念时, 现在进行时的时态特点 是,动作已经开头,正在过程中,但尚未终止；基于这一特点,以下句子通常用现在进行时,以表达动作没有终止；Our country is getting stronger and stronger. I m getting on well with my English.过去进行时的瞬时概念通常用表示“点时间 ”的时间状语表达出来；I was doing my homework this time yesterday. Mother was cooking when I came home. 阶段概念的时间状语是
16、“ 段时间 ” ,表示在一段时间内始终在做的动作,至于动作是否终止就不是说话者所关怀的；He is writing a new novel these days. 这些天他始终在写一本新小说；（没有干其他的事情）The workers were building a bridge last year. 这些工人们去年始终在修建一座桥；2. 将来时的五种动词形式 1.willshall+ 动词原形,用以表示“ 预见 ”和 “主观意图 ”Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other s
17、ide. P1, Senior Book2A （表示 “预见 ”）Let s go together then. I will meet you at the theatre at six-thirty. P.19, Senior Book2A 表示 “主观意图 2.be going to + 动词原形,用以表示“ 准备做某事 ”或“ 已经有迹象将要发生的情形；I m going to cut this tree down. P.25, Senior Book1B It is going to rain. 有迹象说明将要下雨 3.be to +动词原形,用以表示根据方案、支配即将发生的动作或表
18、示命令、禁止；The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you. P.33, Senior Book2B 4.will be doing ,在当代英语中用以表示纯粹的将来；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀教案Who will be taking over her job. Everybody else will be wearing jewellery. P.13,
19、 Senior Book1B 5.用进行时的动词形式表示将来的概念；这种用法通常仅限于瞬时动词,由于瞬时动词 不行能有 “进行 ”的概念,所以不会产生歧义；How many of you are making the trip. P.9, Senior Book1B Is anybody seeing you off. P.13 Senior Book1A 【语态的基本概念】语态是表示主语、 谓语和宾语之间相互关系的动词形式；态之分；在英语中有主动语态和被动语主动语态所表达的主、谓、宾之间的关系是：主语发出或执行谓语动作,谓语动作的对象或承担者为宾语；即主语同谓语具有语意上的规律关系,谓语同宾
20、语具有语意上的规律关系；被动语态所表达的关系是：动作的承担者做句子的主语,这时句子的主语和谓语之间具有规律上的动宾关系；Satellites for broadcasting are used to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another. P.8, Senior Book2B 谓语动词 use同主语 satellites for broadcasting具有规律动宾关系,因此使用被动语态；我们可以将这个句子复原成正常的主、谓、宾关系：We use satellites for broadcastin
21、g to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another. 【相关学问及运用】1.被动语态的动词形式问题：在语言实践中, 语态和时态总是结合在一起使用,态形式；每一个时态都有同它相对应的被动语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀教案被动语态的基本形式：语态助动词 be + 过去分词；凡需进行时态变化时,只将be 变为与其相应的时态形式,过去分词永久不变；动词 do 的时态、语态形式变化对比表一般现在时主动语态被动语态d
22、o does amis, are + done 一般过去时did waswere + done 一般将来时willshall do will be + done 现在进行时amis are doing amis,arebeing+done 过去进行时waswere doing waswerebeing+done 现在完成时havehas done havehasbeen+done 过去完成时had done had been+done 过去将来时would do would be + done 现在完成进行时havehasbeen doing 没有被动形式过去完成进行时Had been doi
23、ng 没有被动形式Many of them are well received, such as Follow Me; Follow Me to Science.P.46, Senior Book1A Ships and planes can be warned so that they can keep out of the path of the hurricane. P.9, Senior Book2B They are already being used in agriculture and industry. P.26, Senior Book2B Computer will be
24、 used more and more in transport. P.26, Senior Book2B A new government programme has been designed to help disabled people . P.46, Senior Book2B 2.高考试题实例分析名师归纳总结 直接考查时态、 语态学问的试题主要表达在单项挑选和改错两个题型中,而且几乎每年第 6 页,共 21 页都会考到, 因此必需将时态、 语态问题作为复习的重点内容,务求达到深刻懂得,娴熟运用；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优
25、秀教案近年来高考命题的特点是, 在特定的语言环境中考查对时态、语态的懂得；试题的意图往往隐藏、迂回,困惑项的设计技巧很高,容易干扰考生的思维； 假如没有对时态概念的深刻懂得,没有对语言应用环境的综合分析, 便会对试题感到困惑； 以下试题可以帮忙我们领悟高考命题的趋势；例 1：Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. （20XX 年高考试题）A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will
26、change 答案为 A ；试题没有把考查的意图定位于对时态概念的简洁懂得,考生必需对现在进行时的本质特点 - 动作尚未完成,仍在过程中-有深刻的懂得,否就将思路仅仅局限在“ 正在变化 ”、“ 已经变化 ”或“ 将要变化 ” ,难于得出正确的结论；例 2：I _ ping- pong quite well, but haven 考试题） had time to play since the new year. （20XX 年高A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 答案为 D；but 分句使用现在完成时,将谈话的时间概念限定在 一分句说 “过
27、去 ”,后一分句说 “ 现在 ” ,不合规律；本句的意思是说“当前 ” ；假如选 C,前“乒乓球一向打得好,只是最近一段时间没有打”, “ 乒乓球打得好”是一种技能,选用一般现在时,是“ 常常发生的动作 ”这一概念的扩展和延长；例 3：- You haven t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it.（20XXs pretty on you. - I m sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it年高考试题）名师归纳总结 A. wasn t saying
28、B. don t say第 7 页,共 21 页C. wont say D. didnt say- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀教案答案为 D；sorry 的缘由是早先没有说到这件事,因此必需用一般过去时；例 4：The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so.A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down （1999 年高考试题）答案为 C；目前价格的状况已经低下来,至于“价格下降 ”始于何时同谈话的内
29、容无关；试题意在考查对“ 过去的动作对现在的影响” 的懂得；时态语态基础训练 1 I. 用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式填充；1. Lets keep to the point or we _ never_ reach any decisions. 2. My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I_ miss half of it. 3. I don think Jim saw me; he _ just _ start into space. 4. I _ ask you not to move my dictionary n
30、ow I cant find it. 5. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ begin to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. 6. -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding. -No, I _ _ _ invite. Did they have a big wedding. 7. Shirley _ write a book abo
31、ut China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. 8. John and I have been friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ _see each other a couple of times before that. 9. His wife _ _ hope to catch the first train but she was too late. 10. I _ _
32、 catch in the heavy rain on the way to the cinema. 11. I found the sentence _ _ not read smoothly. 12. What he had said at the meeting _ prove true. 13. -Did you see Tom at the party. - No. He _ _ leave by the time I arrived. 14. - How time flies. Its already 10 oclock.- Oh, I _ _ not realize it at
33、all. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 15. - I m sorry that I shouldn名师精编优秀教案t have been so rude to you.- You did_ lose your temper but thats OK.II. 用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式确翻译以下各句：1. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _ _ 始终抓着 him but failed. 2. -What were you do
34、ing when Tony phoned you. -I had just finished my work and _ _正预备开头 to take a shower. 3. -You were out when I dropped in at your house. -Oh, I_ _ 在等候 for a friend from England at the airport. 4. - Why haven t you asked her to come here.t - She _ 正在做工 an important experiment when I found her and she
35、hasnfinished it. 5. - What were you up to when she dropped in. - I_ _ 刚玩了一会儿 for a while and _ _ _ _ 正准备看书 some reading. 6.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _often_ 会 看 到 advertisement showing happy families. 7. - What place is it. - Havent you seen that we are back where we _回到了原地 .
36、 8. - Tomorrow is my birthday. Id like you and Jane to come.- I m not sure if she _ _ 将 free. 9. The crazy fans _ _ _ wait till the movie star arrived. 始终在等 patiently for two hours and they would 10. You_ _ 要求你 ask not to move the desk now it is broken. 时态语态基础训练 2 1. By the time I saw the angry expr
37、ession in his face, I _ exactly what I was having to face. But not for a moment _ I should quit. A. had known ; I thought B. have known ; had I thought 名师归纳总结 C. would know ; I would think D. knew ; did I think 第 9 页,共 21 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀教案2. In such a fierce competitio
38、n, a person h as to make every effort if he _. A. has succeeded B. is to succeed C. should succeed D. will succeed 3. The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if _ that he had something to tell the doctor. A. saying B. having said C. to say D. to have said 4. Is the meeting held in Room 302 or
39、 303. It should be 302. But I hear that it _ till tomorrow. A. was put off B. will put off C. has been put off D. is put off 5. The University of Tokyo is the oldest university in Japan and has always been in the lead when it comes to _ new challenges. A. be faced B. face C. facing D. faced 6. In fa
40、ct, more and more people _ to live a greener, healthier and more environmentally “green life” .clock tonight.A. chose B. choose C. are choosing D. have chosen 7. Our car _ at the present speed until it reaches Qingdao at about nine oA. went B. is going C. goes D. will be going 8. China is _ to_ cont
41、inued help to Iraq in its reconstruction. A. willingly ; give B. willing ; giving C. willing ; offer D. will ; offering 9. I thought you were going to leave early today to take your son to the show. I _, but I cant leave until I finish typing all the letters.A. had planned to B. planned to C. am sti
42、ll planning to D. was still planning to 10. Unfortunately, when we dropped in, Doctor Li _ for Indonesia to rescue the injured there, so we only had time for a few words. A. has just left B. was just leaving C. had just left D. just left 11. Is the radio bothering you . It certainly is. Id like it _
43、.A. turned off B. to turn off C. being turned off D. turning off 12. The teacher seldom let an opportunity to teach his students or to help them make up for the days of schooling they had missed _. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. pass B. passing 名师精编优秀教案C. to pass D. being passed 13. Recently quite a lot of experts _ that another law on wildlife protection _ as soon as possible. A. suggested; must be passed C. were suggested; must be pass