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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date初高中英语衔接导学案-时态初高中英语衔接导学案-时态初高中英语衔接导学案第四节 动词的时态【学习目标】通过时态语态的讲解与练习，从宏观角度把握动词的时态和语态的用法。【重点难点】现在完成时与一般过去时的用法区别；过去完成时的用法。【使用说明】请同学们在上课之前，提前完成【预学】案。 【预学】根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. The farmers _(pick
2、) apples when I saw them.2. They _(visit) the Science Museum next Sunday.3. Mr Brown _(live) in Beijing since he came to China.4. Mr Wang _(teach) us English two years ago.5. The Smiths _( watch) TV at this time last night.6. We _(learn) about ten English songs by the end of last term.7. Father said
3、 that he _(buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.8. The teacher said that the moon _(go) round the earth.9. Listen! They _(talk) about the new film.10. We _(learn) English for about three years.11. My brother_(join) the League in 1997.12. The film _(begin) when I got to the cinema.13. Mymother_(com
4、e)toseemenextSunday.14. Bill isnt here. He _(chat) with his friends in the classroom.【导学】1.一般现在时 （形式：is/am/are或do/does ）主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。eg: They usually go to work at 7 oclock every morning. The earth goes around the sun. Guang
5、zhou is situated in the south of China.考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。eg: I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless等。eg: If he accepts the j
6、ob, he will get more money soon.2一般过去时（形式：_ ）表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意：考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于He used to
7、smoke a lot.(译：_)He has got used to getting up early. (译：_)考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 eg: He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 考点三：表示说话前的动作。You havent said a word about my new coat，Brenda. Do you like it? Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasn
8、t sayingB.dont say C.wont sayD.didnt say3. 一般将来时（形式：_ ）表示在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2020等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中： eg: We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现
9、在进行时形式表示将来。 eg: I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.考点三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。 eg: Use your head and you will find a way. Work hard or you will fall behind.考点四：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。“am (is, are) to + 动词原形
10、”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。eg: They are to be married in this May.4、现在进行时（形式：_ ）表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）,加强语气。eg:We are having English class.（表示说话时正在进行的活动） The house is being built these days.（表示_） The little boy is always making trouble. （表示_）考点一：在时间状
11、语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。eg: Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。eg: Marry is leaving on Friday.总结：常用现在进行时表示将来的动词有：_.5、现在完成时（形式：_ ）表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：考点一：for +
12、 时间段；since + 时间点eg: They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years.考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, eg: Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用
13、现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等。考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。eg: This is my first time that I have visited China
14、. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written.6. 过去进行时（形式：_ ）表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。eg:The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help. What were yo
15、u doing at nine last night? The radio was being repaired when you called me.7. 过去完成时（形式：_ ）表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) eg:There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had finished the book. They fini
16、shed earlier than we had expected.考点一：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。eg:That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. It was 3 years since we had parted。考点二：动词hope, expect, intend, mean, plan ,think, suppose用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图;常译为“原本希望/打算/认为”等.eg: I had hoped that I could do the job. I h
17、ad intended to see you but I was too busy.8. 过去将来时（形式：_ ）过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。考点一：表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事，常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。eg:He said he would come to see me.He told me he would go to Beijing. She said she was going to start at once.考点二：某些动词的过去进行时可表示过去将来时come,go,leave,arrive,start等严格按照时间表发生的表起止的动词可用
18、过去进行时代替过去将来时。eg: He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. She told me she was coming to see me. 【固学】当堂检测1. Tell Lily to call me as soon as she _. A. will arrive B. gets there C. has gone D. reach here2. -Hi, Kate. You look tired. Whats the matter? -I _ well last night. A. didnt sleep B
19、. dont sleep C. havent slept D. wont sleep3. -Excuse me, look at the sign over there, please. Could you stop smoking? -Sorry, I _ that. A. didnt see B. dont see C. wont see D. cant see4. -Well, I found this. I think it must be yours. -My watch! Thank you. Where _it. A. do you find B. had you found C
20、. were you finding D. did you find5. -Don you know when Dr White _ for dinner this evening? -No, but I think he _ when he is free. A. will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; comes D. comes; will come6. Look at those black clouds. It _ rain. Lets hurry. A. maybe B. would C. has D. is going
21、 to学习反思：_时态语态巩固练习1. -Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. -Really? Where _ he _? A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. does; go2. -Shall we go shopping now? -Sorry, I cant. I _ my shirts. A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing3. -I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. -Oh, I am sorr
22、y. I _ dinner at my friends home. A. have B. had C. was having D. have had4. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ thousands of visitors since 1995. A. attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract5. -_you _ your e-mails today? -Not yet. Theres something wrong with my computer. A. Have; checked B.
23、Did; check C. Do; check D. Are; checking6. -How do you like Beijing, Mr Smith? -Oh, I _ such a beautiful city before. A. dont visit B. didnt visit C. havent visited D. wont visited7. -Tom, may I borrow your book Chicken Soup? -Sorry, I _ it to Mary. A. lent B. have lent C. had lent D. lend8. -Mum, m
24、ay I go out to play football? -_you _ your homework yet? A. Have; finished B. Do; finished C. Are; finishing D. Did; finish9. -The train is leaving right now, but David hasnt arrived yet. -Well, he said he _here on time. A. came B. will be C. would come D. can be10. -Why didnt you go to the cinema y
25、esterday? -Because I _ the film before. A. had seen B. have seen C. have watched D. has watched11. I dont think John saw me. He _ a book at that moment. A. just read B. has just read C. was just reading D. had just read12. Mr Smith _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether he has finish
26、ed it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing13. Mr White _ the newspaper while his daughter _TV. A. has read; was watching B. was reading; watched C. was reading; was watching D. reading; watched14. - I _ you at the meeting. Why? -I was ill. A. saw B. have seen C. not see D. didnt se
27、e15. The 31th Olympic Games _ in Brazil in 2016. A. hold B. will hold C. will be held D. held16. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. A. has been on B. has begun C. had begun D. began17. -May I speak to Mr Smith? -Sorry, he _ Australia. But he _ in two days. A. has been to; will come back B. has go
28、ne to; will be back C. has been in; would come back D. is leaving for; doesnt come back18. I cant go to the theater tonight because I _ my ticket. A. have lost B. had lost C. will lose D. was losing19. -What a nice bike! How long _ you _ it? -Just two weeks. A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had
29、D. are; having20. -Im sorry to have kept you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only for a few minutes. A. have come B. had been C. was D. have been21. -_ my dictionary anywhere? -Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago. A. Did you see B. If you see C. Had you seen D. Would you see22. We were all su
30、rprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. will leave D. had left23. I believe that those mountains _ with trees in a few years. A. are covered B. will be covered C. are covering D. will cover24. -What did your son say in the letter? -He told me that he _ the Di
31、sneyland the next day. A. would visit B. has visit C. is going to visit D. will visit25. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served26. -Did you win the basketball game? -Bad luck. Our team _ in the end. A. won B. beat C. was won D. was beate
32、n27. -Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. -Of course. But if it _, well visit the museum instead. A. you have; will rain B. you will have; will rain C. you will have; rains D. will you have; rains28. -So you went to see the film with Tom. -Yes, but Bob _ with us. A. wont go B. isnt going C. doesnt go D. didnt go29. -Your name again? I _ quite catch it. -Federico MacAdam. A. didnt B. dont C. wouldnt D. wont30. It _ ten years since they _ to France. A. was; moved B. was; have moved C. has; have moved D. has been; moved-