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1、非谓语动词语法讲解,Non-finite,非谓语动词的类型:,Infinitive不定式,Gerund动名词,Participle分词,Non-finite,Structure:,tobedone,Infinitive:,todo,Negative(否定):,nottodo,Passivevoice:,(1).主语Subject,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.,Togetenoughsleepatnightisimportant.,It_.,Itisadj.(forsb)todosth.,Itis+apleasure/anhonor/apitytodo.,Ittakess
2、b+timetodo.,Non-finite,isimportanttogetenoughsleepatnight,1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。,Itisnotgoodforyoutosmoke.,2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。,Itisapleasuretohavedinnerwithyou.,Itonlytooktwoyearstocompletetheproject.,3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。,巩固练习1,(2).表语Predicative,Myjob,is,Yourtask_(努力学习).,istostudyhard,Non-finite,Toseeistobelieve.,tot
3、eachyouEnglish.,Thesedayseveryonewantstogetrichfast.,(3)宾语Object,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:,fail,happen,mean,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree，etc.,+todo,Non-finite,liketodo,managetodo,thinkconsiderfindmakefeel,形式宾语,4.我希望很快收到你的信。,Ihopetohearfromyousoon.,5.我决定不留下来。,Idecidednottostay.,6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。,St
4、udentsthought_.,7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。,Shethoughtitunnecessarytoarguewithhim.,itinterestingtoplaycomputergames.,it+adj.+todo,巩固练习2,Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.,(4).宾补Complement,五看,watch,see,lookat,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,listento,hear,一感觉:,feel,当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:,allow,cause,ask,advise,
5、expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等.,Non-finite,医生建议他去南方.,Thedoctoradvisedhimtogotothesouth.,+sbtodo,Imadehimdohiswork.,He_byme.,Seesbdosth,-,sbbeseentodo,Hewasseen_fromthetreeandgethurt.fallB.tofallC.fallingD.fallen,改错:Hewasheardtalktohismotherforanhour.,totalk,wasmadetodohiswork,(5)
6、.定语Attributive,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.),Heislookingfor_.（一间可以住的房子）,Thereisnothing_.,*我想要几本书在旅途中看。,Idlike_.,afewbookstoreadduringthejourney,-Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?-Itisaverygood_.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy,toworryabout,Thetopicstobediscussedatto
7、morrowsmeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.,（没有什么可担心的）,aroomtolivein,Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.,(6)状语Adverbial,inorderto,soasto,1.表目的,2.表原因,Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.,3.表结果,Thisroomisbigenoughtoholdus.,enoughto,tooto,onlyto,etc.,Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.,Non-
8、finite,1._lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept2001春季高考第21题,巩固练习2,翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。,In1935helefthomenevertoreturn.,1.作主语,2.作表语,3.作宾语,4.作宾语补足语,5.作定语,6.作状语,在句中承担的成分:,TenseandVoice（时态与语态）,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,-,tohavebeendoing,-,(1).Theypretended
9、nottoseeus.,(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.,(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),1.Theboypretended_whenhismotherentered.A.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread,2.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_everything.(01年高考)A.totellB.t
10、obetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold,巩固练习3,3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented,4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_forhimwithoutdelay.A.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave,who,which,when,how,what,whom,whether
11、等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,我不知道是否要接受邀请。,Idontknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitationornot.,(宾语),Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.,(主语),如何解决这个问题很重要。,我的问题是什么时候开始。,Myquestioniswhentostart.,(表语),Non-finite,不定式与疑问词连用:,关于省略,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.,e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?,(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.,e.g.:Wo
12、uldyouliketobeateacher?,A.IdliketoB.Idliketogo,Yes,_.,Non-finite,A.Idliketobe.B.Idliketo.,Yes,_.,1.-Didyougetajob?-No,I_,butitsnouse.A.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned,2.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto,巩固练习4,不定式用在介词but,except,besid
13、es后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.,(1).Shecoulddonothingbut_.(cry)(2).Ihavenochoicebut_.(go)(3).Whatdoyoulike_besides_.(do,sleep),cry,togo,todo,sleep,Non-finite,Exercise,(eat,giveup,finish,explain,tell)1.Myteacherwasmade_histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.,togiveup,explaining/tobeexplained,t
14、obefinished,nottoeat,3.Wefinditimpossibleforthework_aheadoftime.,4.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.,2.Thesentencewants_oncemore.,5.Imeant_youaboutit,butIforgottodoso.,tohavetold,1.(MET9214)-Iusuallygotherebytrain.-Whynot_byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing,2
15、.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.(MET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding,4.Shecanthelp_thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.(97上海12)A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned,3.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecanthelp_intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.(96上海14)to
16、pursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded,5.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.dontmake,7.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygood
17、fortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see8.Themotherdidntknow_toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why,9.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning,10.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_.tur
18、ningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff,11.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone,12.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,13.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethi
19、sevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake,不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：,(1)动宾关系Ihavealotofworktodo.(2)主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.(3)同位关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.,固定句型:,hadbetter+(not)dos
20、th.最好（不）做某事Why(not)dosth.?prefertodo/preferdoingprefer+n./doingA+to+n./doingBprefer+todoAratherthan(to)doBwouldrather(not)dosth.wouldratherdoAthan(do)Bwouldrather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）要做,注意以下几种情况不定式的用法,*在thefirst,thesecond，thelast和only之后，只能用todo。如：Hewasthelasttoleavetheclassroom*如果understand，realize,know用在b
21、egin,start,attempt,intend后，只能用todo。如：Ibegantounderstandthetruth*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用nottodo,而用inordernottodo或soasnottodo。如：()Inordernottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow()Nottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow()Hecameintotheroomthroughthewindowsoasnottobeseen*soastodo一般不放在句首。()Hegetupatfi
22、vethismorningsoastocatchtheearlybus(X)Soastocatchtheearlybus，hegotupatfivethismorning,Myteacherwasmade_histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants_oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered_thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.ha
23、vingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being,B,D,C,4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard_.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingtu
24、rneditoff,B,D,C,7.-Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?-Thekey_theproblemistomeetthedemand_bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.-Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?-Itisaverygood_.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.
25、schooltostudy,B,A,9.-Didyougetajob?-No,I_,butitsnouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework_aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.-IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.-Whynot_therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo,B,D,B,12._aliv
26、ing,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan_forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended_whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread,A,A,C,Exercise,1.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudi
27、edB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.dontmake3.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butit
28、remains_whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit6.Themotherdidntknow_toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why,7.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_
29、.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning8.Weagreed_herebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto,10.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatin
30、gnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented,13.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetak
31、enB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep15.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake,1.Toseeyouisglad.=Itsgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.I
32、mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou9.Totellyouthetruth,Idontagreewithyou.10.Howtosolvethisproblemisveryimportant.,（作主语）,(作宾语）,（作宾补）,(作表语）,（作定语）,（作原因状语）,（作目的状语）,（作结果状语）,独立成分,和疑问词连用,Gerund,一.Structure：doingNegative：notdoing,二.时态和语态,making,havingmade(不作定语）,beingmade,havingbeenmade(不
33、作定语,三.在句中承担的成分:,1.作主语,2.作宾语,3.作定语,4.作表语,Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusiness.,1.作主语:,Seeingisbelieving.,e.g.,-Whatmadehimsounhappy?-_theticketforthefootballmatch.,HavingbeenlostB.LostC.BecauseoflosingD.Losing,Key:_,D,Losingtheticketforthefootballmatchmadehimsounhappy,对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。Cryingov
34、erthespiltmilkisnouse.Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.类似的还有：Itisnogooddoingsth.Itisnousedoingsth.,IenjoylearningEnglish.Howaboutmeetingoutsidethetheatre?,2.作宾语:,Vt.Prep.,+,doing,下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语：,admit,appreciate,deny,resist,stand,imagine,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excus
35、e,escape,consider,canthelp,等。如:1）你介意我在这儿抽烟吗?Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?2）这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴.Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday3）Goodnewskeepscoming.,下列V.+prep.通常用ing形式作宾语,尤其注意介词to,e.g.insiston,preventfrom,dependon,feellike,befondof,succeedin,beproudof,excusefor,apologizefor,l
36、ookforwardto,objectto,beusedto,beopposedto,etc.,Prep.后通常用ing形式作宾语.,e.g.Theboystoodstillwithout_(dare)toraisehisheadbecauseof_(break)avase.,daring,havingbroken,todo和doing的区别:,remembertodorememberdoingforgettodoforgetdoingstoptodostopdoinggoontodogoondoingtrytodotrydoingregrettodoregretdoingmeantodome
37、andoing,注意:动词如：permit,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider有不同的用法:,V+sbtodosthitstoonarrow.IforbidsmokinginmyhouseWedonotpermitsmokingintheoffice,3.作表语,Myhobbyiscollectingstampsandfishing.Hisjobisteaching.,Whatsthedifferencebetweenthem?,Imfishing.,Myhobbyisfishing.,动名词,现在分词,4.作定语:,awalkingstickAswimmi
38、ngpoolAsleepingcar,区别,ThewalkingmanTheswimminggirlThesleepingboy,动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能,现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态,Gerund的逻辑主语:,Tominsistedoncomingtotheparty.Tominsistedonmycomingtotheparty.我几乎无法想象peter在五天内横渡大西洋.IcanhardlyimaginePetersailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.,动名词表示被动意义:,在动词或词组need,want,require,bewort
39、h,deserve,etc.后的动名词表示被动意义:Yourcompositionneedsimproving.Yourcompositionneedstobeimproved.Thebookisworthreadingasecondtime.Thebookisworthytoberead/ofbeingreadasecondtime.,非谓语动词语法讲解,WuxunHighSchool,Non-finite,非谓语动词的类型:,Infinitive不定式,Gerund动名词,Participle分词,Non-finite,-ing分词,-ed分词,-ing分词(以make为例),-ed分词,
40、Havingmade,making,beingmade,Havingbeenmade,made,X,X,X,分词在句中承担的成分:,由于分词具有形容词性和副词性,在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和宾语.,1.作定语,-thesunwhichisrising,-ing分词和-ed分词修饰名词有前置位HavingdoneHavingbeendonee.g.1.UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.2.Havingbeenusedformanyyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.,Moreexercises,+主句,（
41、强调时间先后）,1)Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembers_(inform)ofhowthenegotiationsweregoingon2)_(be)theremorethanonce,theoldprofessorofferedtoshowusaroundthenewly-builtlibrary.3)_(invite)togotocamping,Paulorderedanewsleepingbag4)_(notknow)histelephonenumber,shelosttouchwithhim.,informed,Havingbeen,
42、Havingbeeninvited,Notknowing,分词的逻辑主语:分词的逻辑主语一般为_,但当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致时，分词前必须有自己的主语，e.g.Ifweatherpermits,wewillhaveafieldtrip.Weatherpermitting,wellhaveafieldtriptomorrow这被称为_。时间允许,我们将在去杭州的路上顺道看一下我叔叔.Timepermitting,wewillvisitmyuncleonmywaytoHangzhou.,主句的主语,分词的独立结构,*但有些分词作状语属习惯用法，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致
43、。如：Judgingfromtheexpressiononhisface,hehadfailedthedrivingtestagainGenerallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.类似的还有:SpeakingofTalkingof,高考题,1.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.(2004)A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt2.Thedisc,digitally_inthestudio,soundedf
44、antasticatthepartythatnight.(2004)A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded3.Generallyspeaking,_accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(2003)A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken,B,B,A,4._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Ha
45、vingnotreceived,C,5.Before_,themachinemustbechecked.beingusedB.usingitC.beingusedtoD.using,A,6._betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand_themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;giving,D,1._inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.
46、LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose,C,“陷入深思”有两种表达法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,综合练习,5)Victorapologizedhis_(notbe)abletoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.6)Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,_(exhaust).7)Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief_(catch).8)Generally_(speak),When_(take
47、)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.9)Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_(play)inmakingtheearthabetterplace_(live).,notbeing,exhausted,beingcaught,speaking,taken,toplay,toplay,10)Though_(lack)money,hisparentsmanaged_(send)himtouniversity.11)-Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?-Thekey_(solve)theproblemis_(meet)thedemand_(make)bythecustomers.12)Withalotofdifficultproblems_(settle),thenewl