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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气The Subjunctive Mood英语中三种语气： 陈述语气陈述语气 祈使语气祈使语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气判断下面句子是什么语气？判断下面句子是什么语气？1. There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面.2. They didnt watch fireworks yesterday evening. 昨晚他们没有看焰火.3. What can I do for you ?我能为你做什么?4. How disappointed Tom was !汤姆很失望.5. What lovely flowers those are
2、! 那些花儿真漂亮.一、一、 陈述语气陈述语气用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法。有肯定，否定，用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法。有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。疑问或感叹等形式。判断？判断？1. Let me have a try. 我来试一试我来试一试. 2. Dont be late again. 别再迟到了别再迟到了. 3. Dont say it in Chinese. Say it in English. 别用汉语说别用汉语说,用英语用英语. 4. Lets go and play basketball. 我们去打篮球我们去打篮球.二、祈使语气二、祈使语气用来表示说话人的请求，命令或
3、劝告等。动词要用用来表示说话人的请求，命令或劝告等。动词要用原形，其否定式在动词前加原形，其否定式在动词前加do not.1. I hope our life will be better. 希望我们的生活会更好。 2. I wish I were younger. 要是我年轻一点就好了。3. If he was out that day, then he couldnt answer the phone. 如果那天他在外面，他就无法接电话.4. If he had been out that day, he couldnt have answered the phone. 如果那天他在外面的
4、话，他就无法接到 电话了.有可能(陈述语气)不可能(虚拟语气)推测(陈述语气)与事实相反(虚拟语气)三三 虚拟语气虚拟语气与事实相反与事实相反, ,或不可能发生或不可能发生, ,或发生的可能性或发生的可能性非常小非常小表示说话人所说的话不是事实，表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种与事实相反的假设，愿而是一种与事实相反的假设，愿望，猜测或建议等等。望，猜测或建议等等。四、虚拟语气的种类1. 条件类虚拟条件类虚拟 2.从句中的虚拟从句中的虚拟 3. 特殊的虚拟特殊的虚拟 I 1.If we had time now, we would read it again.2.If she knew ab
5、out it, she would come.3.If he were here, everything would be all right.4.If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go to see my friends there.5.If she should come, I would ask her for help.6.If you were to fail to catch the train, you might take the bus.7.If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked
6、 you about it.8.If I had had the money last year, I would have bought a car.9.If they had known her address, they would have written to her.五(1)条件类虚拟时间时间从句谓语从句谓语主句谓语主句谓语现在现在If I were If I did I would /should be I would/should do 将来将来If I were/did If I should be/doIf I were to do I would /could /shou
7、ld be I would /should do 过去过去If I had been If I had done I would/should have been I would/ should have done 1. If I _ you, I wouldnt return the call. A. be B. am C. was D. were2. If I _more time, I would have gone with you. A. had B. had had C. Have had D. would have3. If I had known that, I _ so. A
8、. wouldnt do B. wouldnt have done C. wont do D. have not done4. If it_ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B. rained C. would rain D. rain5. If it should rain, I _go there tomorrow. A. will B. would not C. wont D. would not haveNote: should 和 would 的区别？Should 通常用于一人称当中，would可以用于任何人称，同时也可以根据意思用could
9、和might。不用if条件从句，而用介词或副词 without (没有), but for(要不是), otherwise(否则) 这些词可以表示某种假设情况,从而省略条件句.1. I was busy last week. I to see you. =If I had not been busy, I would have come2. / you, I what I am today. =If it hadnt been for you, I would not be .五(2) 条件类虚拟的简略式八、虚拟句的倒装形式条件从句中有were ,had ,should时,可不要if,而用倒装
10、(注意:had必须是完成式的助动词)1. If I meet her, I her.2. If I in your position, I it better.3. If it to rain tomorrow, I would put off the journey.4. If he you, he would talked to you. I meet her, I would tell her. I in your position, I would do it better. it to rain tomorrow, I would put off the journey. he yo
11、u, he would talked to you.1，“wish+宾语从句宾语从句”，表示不能实现的愿望。可译为：，表示不能实现的愿望。可译为： 可惜可惜.，要是，要是.就好了，但愿。就好了，但愿。六、宾语从句中的虚拟A,表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式。去式。Eg: I wish I were a bird.B, 表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句用表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句用would、could+动词原形。动词原形。Eg：I wish I could be a bird.C,表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句用表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句用
12、had+过分。过分。Eg: I wish I could have been a bird.2,动词arrange，command，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，request，required，suggest等后的宾语从句用虚拟语气should+动词原形Eg: He demanded that we (should) start right away.Eg: We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.Note: suggest 作“暗示” 时宾语从句不用虚拟语气，只有当“建议”，时才用虚拟语气七，主语、表
13、语、同位语从句中的虚拟语气像 advice，idea，order，demand，plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名词后的从句，其谓语动词（should）+动词原形。Eg：My idea is that he (should) do exercises first.Eg: We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.八，特殊的虚拟语气1，would rather(宁愿，更愿意），as if ,as though （好像） ,if only（要是
14、.), 后的从句用虚拟语气。Eg : I would rather she had not done that.(过去的虚拟）Eg：I would rather you paid me now.Eg : He spoken English so fluently as if he had studied English in England .Eg : If only I had taken his advice .表示感叹 It is（high） time that .中的定语从句中谓语用过去式或should+动词原形。Should 不能省略。Eg： It is high time we l
15、eft.=It is high time we should leave. electricity, human life_ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 2. the Party, he _of hunger 30 years ago. A. would have died B. would die C. must die D. must have died 3. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party. A.
16、 attended B. have attended C. Would attend D. would have attendedIf there were no electricity,If it hadnt been for the Party,DAIf I hadnt been busy, I D1. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night. A. was B. were C. had been D. should be2. How I wish I _to repair the watch! I only made it
17、worse. A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try 3. If only I _ able to lighten the burden of my family, but I am still a student . A. were B. have been C. am D. would be4. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been 5. I wish _
18、me alone. A. he has left B. he leaves C. He will leave D. he would leave6. Id rather you _ tomorrow. A. came B. come C. will come D. had comeCBADDA表示建议.要求.命令类的名词性从句通常用“should+动词原形”。should可以省略一坚持一坚持: insist 二命令二命令: order, command三建议三建议: advice, suggest, recommend四要求四要求: demand, require, request, desi
19、re形容词：形容词：necessary, important, essential, strange七、should类虚拟Examples1. He suggested that we should visit the palace right away.2. She recommended that the meeting be put off.3. He ordered that they should start off immediately.4. I demanded that he should answer me at once.5. It is necessary that the problem should be discussed at once.6. It was surprising that he should say so.It is really strange that the girl _ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marryC