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1、2022辽宁职称英语考试真题卷（5）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.The Body Clock 2.The Cold Places 3.E-commerce 4.E-commerce 5.E-commerce 6.E-commerce 7.E-commerce 8.E-commerce 9.E-commerce 10.E-commerce 11.E-commerce 12.阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。B Mother Natur
2、e Shows Her Strength/B Tornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的) cloud was behind him. I
3、stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared, Snyder said. Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. I
4、n Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down. Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. I knew something was wrong, she said. I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红
5、色). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection. The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage fro
6、m the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes. The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had
7、to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble. Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in
8、their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). The Red Cross served meals to them. This was a really intense storm, said Snyder, People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed. The weather was nice
9、 in Trumbull County on Saturday evening. AARightBBWrongCCNot mentioned 13.下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题。B第一篇/BB War and Conflict/B The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be us
10、eful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware
11、 of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entiti
12、es function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups in inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essen
13、tial and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as
14、monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims
15、to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition i
16、n developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-lik
17、e conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to_. Aargue for the similarities between animal societies and human societiesBsmooth out the conflicts in human societiesCdistinguish between two kinds of o
18、ppositionDsummarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation 14.B第二篇/BB System of Criminal Trial/B How efficient is our system of criminal trial Does it really do the basic job we ask of it convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent It is often said that the British trail sys
19、tem is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so en- grossed in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on
20、the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our adversarial system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a contest) with the continental inquisitorial system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role. In early times, in the Mi
21、ddle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by ordealespecially a religious eventwas the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over the functio
22、n of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally, this historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth
23、 on the crucial day. On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramatic; much of it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered. The Americans adopte
24、d the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U. S.A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretr
25、ial publicity in the newspaper and on television, Americans lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession
26、 of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare them themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses, and familiarize themselves personally with the background. In Britain it is the solicitor who p
27、repares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not even slowed to meet witness beforehand. British barristers also alternate doing both prosecution and defense work. Being kept distant from the preparation and regularly appearing for both sides, barristers are said to avoid becoming too
28、 personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately. American lawyers, however, often know their cases better. Reformers rightly want to learn from other countries mistakes and successes. But what is clear is that justice systems, largely because they are the result of long historical
29、growth, are peculiarly difficult to adapt piecemeal.British trial system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. It implies that_. Athe British legal system can do the basic job wellconvicting the guilty and acquitting the innocentBthe British legal system is worse than the contine
30、ntal legal systemCthe British legal system is often considered to be not very fairDthe British legal system is very efficient 15.阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。B Interests and Study Activities/B A narrowing of your work interests is implied in almost any transition from a study
31、environment to managerial or professional work. In the humanities and social sciences you will at best reuse only a fraction of the material covered in three or four years study. In most career paths academic knowledge onlyU (51) /Ua background to much more applied decision-making. Even with a train
32、ing form of degree,U (52) /Ua few of the procedures or methodsU (53) /Uin your studies are likely to be continuously relevant in your work. Partly this reflects the greater specialization of most work tasks comparedU (54) /Ustudying. Many graduates are notU (55) /Uwith the variety involved inU (56)
33、/Ufrom degree study in at least four or five subjects a yearU (57) /Uvery standardized job demands. Academic work values individual inventiveness, originality, and the cultivation of self-realization and self-development. Emphasis is placedU (58) /Ugenerating new ideas and knowledge, assemblingU (59
34、) /Uinformation to make a rational decision, appreciating basicU (60) /Uand theories, and getting involved in fundamental controversies and debates. The humanistic values of higherU (61) /Uencourages the feeling of being engaged in a process with a self-developmental rhythm.U (62) /U, even if your e
35、mployers pursue enlightened personnel developmentU (63) /Uand invest heavily in human capitalfor example, by rotating graduate trainees toU (64) /Utheir work experiencesyou are still likely to notice and feelU (65) /Uabout some major restrictions of your interests and activities compared with a stud
36、y environment. AadmitsBequipsCstatesDforms 16.B第三篇/BB Computers/B The initial impact of computers was in the area of entertainment. If you walked by a video arcade in the early 1980s, you could not have failed to notice that the use of video games was growing at what some considered an alarming rate
37、. In 1981 the movie industry grossed $ 3 billion, video games took in an estimated $ 6 billion. That gives you some idea of just how big the computer industry had become. Video games employ the same technology as personal computers, and indeed many who bought personal computers did so primarily for
38、playing games at home, thus saving their quarters. Though video games are not as popular as they were a few years ago, they did provide consumer with their first real reason to buy PCs. A more recent computer innovation, desktop publishing, supplies one good reason for those who write for a living t
39、o buy a PC. Desktop publishing is a deceptively simple description for an extremely complex group of hardware and software tools. You can now write text, edit text, draw illustrations, incorporate photographs, design page layouts, and print a finished document with a relatively inexpensive computer
40、and laser printer. Although the new technology offers new freedom, there is a price to be paid for this freedom. With total control comes total responsibility. In fact, the issue of social responsibility in our new computer age has long been a topic of debate among computer enthusiasts. Some people
41、are concerned with the long-term social effects of the so-called computer revolution. Ironically, many PC pioneers who built and marketed the first machines were 60s-style advocates of social change. They claim that while personal computer technology has the potential to make society more equal, its
42、 having the opposite effect since upper-middle-class people can afford them and lower-class people cannot. In addition, the ways that computers are used to monitor the activities of their users have evoked anxiety about the machine. Over 7 million Americans now have their work paced, controlled, and
43、 monitored by computers. A computer is more restrictive and powerful in the way it controls people than the old-fashioned assembly line. This can lead to what some have called tech-stress. Irritated eyes, back problems, and other physical symptoms have also been associated with the extensive use of
44、computers. Although the personal computer may not have had the impact some predicted a decade age, the combination of computer technology with satellites and cable does promise innovations in the mass media that would have seemed astonishing just a few short years ago.The dramatic growth of the busi
45、ness dealing in video games is the result of_ Athe development of computer industryBthe development of wireless technologyCthe decline in movie industryDthe depression in the entertainment business 17.阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。B Mother Nature Shows Her Strength/B Tornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy
46、 thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的) cloud was behind him. I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud.
47、It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared, Snyder said. Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wi