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1、2022湖南公共英语考试真题卷（4）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Most people who travel long distance complain of jet-lag. Jet-lag makes business travelers less productive and more prone (21) making mistakes. It is actually caused by (22) of your body clock a small clust
2、er of brain cells that controls the timing of biological (23) . The body clock is designed for a (24) rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it (25) daylight and darkness at the wrong times in a new time zone. The (26) of jet-lag often persist for days (27) the int
3、ernal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.Now a new anti-jet-lag system is (28) that is based on proven (29) pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Moore-Ede had (30) a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone (31) controlled exposure to bright ligh
4、t. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates (32) of the discomfort of jet-lag.A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either (33) or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jet-lag worse. The proper schedule (34) light expo
5、sure depends a great deal on (35) travel plans.Data on a specific flight itinerary and the individual’s sleep (36) are used to produce a Trip Guide with (37) on exactly when to be exposed to bright light.When the Trip Guide calls (38) bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If
6、 it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, (39) you are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light (40) for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.40().AextensiveBtentativeCbroadDinclusive2.It is because of his plays that Shakespeare is
7、 now considered the greatest English writer in history. The era in which he lived, Elizabethan England, was a time in which broad interests and creativity could flourish. Elizabeth, the queen, was beloved by her subjects and proved to be a powerful and able ruler. Under the reign of Elizabeth, Engla
8、nd changed from an island kingdom to an expanding empire. England grew rich through trade. 16th-century Englishmen traveled to the New World and to Africa. Music, dance, poetry, painting, and architecture flourished; but the art form in which Elizabethan England distinguished the rest of Europe was
9、the theater.The theater, which had practically disappeared from Europe, was, at this time, received as a part of the church service. Later, no longer as a part of the service, the mystery plays responded to popular taste by adding more and more comic elements. In England, they were sponsored by vari
10、ous trade guilds and presented on stage wagons that went from place to place. When the mystery plays began to lose their appeal, they were replaced by morality plays which always taught a moral.In Renaissance England, writers were particularly interested in classical texts such as Latin and Greek pl
11、ays. Schools and universities began to produce comedies and tragedies by Platus, Terence, and Seneca. Shakespeare was well acquainted with classical humanities and classical tragedies and comedies often served as models in his own drama. A Renaissance man, Shakespeare’s interest went beyond bo
12、ok learning to practical knowledge of military strategy, seafaring, business affairs, and the new geographical discoveries, all evident in his plays.Companies of strolling plays which had specialized in morality plays responded to the change by staging new plays. Professional actors, who had been vi
13、ewed by English society as little better than vagrants or criminals, gradually came under the protection of the nobility. Licensed theater companies were formed; Shakespeare belonged to one of those, where in addition to his writing, he acquired a wide experience in acting and theater management.The
14、 theater grew in popularity and public theaters were built, not inside the city limits but just outside, along with other places of entertainment. Theaters in Elizabethan England were patronized by all social classes. The Globe Theater, built in 1599, where many of Shakespeare’s plays were per
15、formed, had a platform stage jutting out into a central courtyard. The audience stay around three sides of this platform - the lower-class who each paid a penny in the pit and the wealthier spectators in the galleries above. The orchestra was on stage, as music was usually a significant part of the
16、production. Indeed, the costumes, scenery, singing, playing, and dancing, as well as acting was essential to the total show. There was no lighting, however, plays were performed in the afternoon. Shakespeare knew his audience: his theater is addressed not just to the educated but to all classes of s
17、ociety.The underlined word patronized in Paragraph 5 means ().AenjoyedBsponsoredCencouragedDpromoted3.It is because of his plays that Shakespeare is now considered the greatest English writer in history. The era in which he lived, Elizabethan England, was a time in which broad interests and creativi
18、ty could flourish. Elizabeth, the queen, was beloved by her subjects and proved to be a powerful and able ruler. Under the reign of Elizabeth, England changed from an island kingdom to an expanding empire. England grew rich through trade. 16th-century Englishmen traveled to the New World and to Afri
19、ca. Music, dance, poetry, painting, and architecture flourished; but the art form in which Elizabethan England distinguished the rest of Europe was the theater.The theater, which had practically disappeared from Europe, was, at this time, received as a part of the church service. Later, no longer as
20、 a part of the service, the mystery plays responded to popular taste by adding more and more comic elements. In England, they were sponsored by various trade guilds and presented on stage wagons that went from place to place. When the mystery plays began to lose their appeal, they were replaced by m
21、orality plays which always taught a moral.In Renaissance England, writers were particularly interested in classical texts such as Latin and Greek plays. Schools and universities began to produce comedies and tragedies by Platus, Terence, and Seneca. Shakespeare was well acquainted with classical hum
22、anities and classical tragedies and comedies often served as models in his own drama. A Renaissance man, Shakespeare’s interest went beyond book learning to practical knowledge of military strategy, seafaring, business affairs, and the new geographical discoveries, all evident in his plays.Com
23、panies of strolling plays which had specialized in morality plays responded to the change by staging new plays. Professional actors, who had been viewed by English society as little better than vagrants or criminals, gradually came under the protection of the nobility. Licensed theater companies wer
24、e formed; Shakespeare belonged to one of those, where in addition to his writing, he acquired a wide experience in acting and theater management.The theater grew in popularity and public theaters were built, not inside the city limits but just outside, along with other places of entertainment. Theat
25、ers in Elizabethan England were patronized by all social classes. The Globe Theater, built in 1599, where many of Shakespeare’s plays were performed, had a platform stage jutting out into a central courtyard. The audience stay around three sides of this platform - the lower-class who each paid
26、 a penny in the pit and the wealthier spectators in the galleries above. The orchestra was on stage, as music was usually a significant part of the production. Indeed, the costumes, scenery, singing, playing, and dancing, as well as acting was essential to the total show. There was no lighting, howe
27、ver, plays were performed in the afternoon. Shakespeare knew his audience: his theater is addressed not just to the educated but to all classes of society.According to the passage, the theater ().Afirst appeared in EnglandBhad various typesCwere only sponsored by the nobilityDfollowed two classical
28、rules4.It is because of his plays that Shakespeare is now considered the greatest English writer in history. The era in which he lived, Elizabethan England, was a time in which broad interests and creativity could flourish. Elizabeth, the queen, was beloved by her subjects and proved to be a powerfu
29、l and able ruler. Under the reign of Elizabeth, England changed from an island kingdom to an expanding empire. England grew rich through trade. 16th-century Englishmen traveled to the New World and to Africa. Music, dance, poetry, painting, and architecture flourished; but the art form in which Eliz
30、abethan England distinguished the rest of Europe was the theater.The theater, which had practically disappeared from Europe, was, at this time, received as a part of the church service. Later, no longer as a part of the service, the mystery plays responded to popular taste by adding more and more co
31、mic elements. In England, they were sponsored by various trade guilds and presented on stage wagons that went from place to place. When the mystery plays began to lose their appeal, they were replaced by morality plays which always taught a moral.In Renaissance England, writers were particularly int
32、erested in classical texts such as Latin and Greek plays. Schools and universities began to produce comedies and tragedies by Platus, Terence, and Seneca. Shakespeare was well acquainted with classical humanities and classical tragedies and comedies often served as models in his own drama. A Renaiss
33、ance man, Shakespeare’s interest went beyond book learning to practical knowledge of military strategy, seafaring, business affairs, and the new geographical discoveries, all evident in his plays.Companies of strolling plays which had specialized in morality plays responded to the change by st
34、aging new plays. Professional actors, who had been viewed by English society as little better than vagrants or criminals, gradually came under the protection of the nobility. Licensed theater companies were formed; Shakespeare belonged to one of those, where in addition to his writing, he acquired a
35、 wide experience in acting and theater management.The theater grew in popularity and public theaters were built, not inside the city limits but just outside, along with other places of entertainment. Theaters in Elizabethan England were patronized by all social classes. The Globe Theater, built in 1
36、599, where many of Shakespeare’s plays were performed, had a platform stage jutting out into a central courtyard. The audience stay around three sides of this platform - the lower-class who each paid a penny in the pit and the wealthier spectators in the galleries above. The orchestra was on s
37、tage, as music was usually a significant part of the production. Indeed, the costumes, scenery, singing, playing, and dancing, as well as acting was essential to the total show. There was no lighting, however, plays were performed in the afternoon. Shakespeare knew his audience: his theater is addre
38、ssed not just to the educated but to all classes of society.Which of the following statements may NOT be the reason for Shakespeares success ()AHe lived in the Elizabethan Age.BHe was quite wealthy.CHe had broad interest.DHe was experienced in acting and theater management.5.It is because of his pla
39、ys that Shakespeare is now considered the greatest English writer in history. The era in which he lived, Elizabethan England, was a time in which broad interests and creativity could flourish. Elizabeth, the queen, was beloved by her subjects and proved to be a powerful and able ruler. Under the rei
40、gn of Elizabeth, England changed from an island kingdom to an expanding empire. England grew rich through trade. 16th-century Englishmen traveled to the New World and to Africa. Music, dance, poetry, painting, and architecture flourished; but the art form in which Elizabethan England distinguished t
41、he rest of Europe was the theater.The theater, which had practically disappeared from Europe, was, at this time, received as a part of the church service. Later, no longer as a part of the service, the mystery plays responded to popular taste by adding more and more comic elements. In England, they
42、were sponsored by various trade guilds and presented on stage wagons that went from place to place. When the mystery plays began to lose their appeal, they were replaced by morality plays which always taught a moral.In Renaissance England, writers were particularly interested in classical texts such
43、 as Latin and Greek plays. Schools and universities began to produce comedies and tragedies by Platus, Terence, and Seneca. Shakespeare was well acquainted with classical humanities and classical tragedies and comedies often served as models in his own drama. A Renaissance man, Shakespeare’s i
44、nterest went beyond book learning to practical knowledge of military strategy, seafaring, business affairs, and the new geographical discoveries, all evident in his plays.Companies of strolling plays which had specialized in morality plays responded to the change by staging new plays. Professional a
45、ctors, who had been viewed by English society as little better than vagrants or criminals, gradually came under the protection of the nobility. Licensed theater companies were formed; Shakespeare belonged to one of those, where in addition to his writing, he acquired a wide experience in acting and
46、theater management.The theater grew in popularity and public theaters were built, not inside the city limits but just outside, along with other places of entertainment. Theaters in Elizabethan England were patronized by all social classes. The Globe Theater, built in 1599, where many of Shakespeare&
47、rsquo;s plays were performed, had a platform stage jutting out into a central courtyard. The audience stay around three sides of this platform - the lower-class who each paid a penny in the pit and the wealthier spectators in the galleries above. The orchestra was on stage, as music was usually a si
48、gnificant part of the production. Indeed, the costumes, scenery, singing, playing, and dancing, as well as acting was essential to the total show. There was no lighting, however, plays were performed in the afternoon. Shakespeare knew his audience: his theater is addressed not just to the educated b
49、ut to all classes of society.Shakespeares plays ().Awere enjoyable to all the classes of societyBwere performed all day longCwere presented on stage wagonsDcopied the Latin and Greek plays6.It is because of his plays that Shakespeare is now considered the greatest English writer in history. The era in which he lived, Elizabethan England, was a time in which broad interests and creativity could flourish. Elizabeth, the queen, was beloved by her subjects and proved to be a powerful