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1、2022湖南公共英语考试真题卷（9）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.U. S. health officials are increasing surveillance measures at doctors’ offices and international borders to guard against the spread of swine flu. Washington also has begun dispersing medicine from a
2、 federal stockpile.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says there have been only mild cases of swine flu in the United States, but experts remain on guard.Acting agency director, Richard Besser, says the epidemic in Mexico prompted U. S. doctors to begin monitoring actively for possible i
3、nfections.We are asking doctors when they see someone who has flu-like illness who has traveled to an affected region, to do a culture, take a swab in the nose and send it to the lab so we can see: is it influenza, is it this type he said.Speaking Sunday at the White House, Besser said the extra det
4、ection efforts have enabled officials to find more infections than under normal circumstances. He also says he expects the number of infections will rise and the illness will spread to other U. S. regions, as doctors continue to monitor the problem.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says
5、 it does not recommend people travel to Mexico, where the outbreak of swine flu is centered and more than 100 deaths have been reported. But officials have not ordered a travel ban to the country.Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano says, instead, airlines have the option of screening passen
6、gers on flights from Mexico.We are letting air carriers and our employees at the gates on those flights make sure that they are asking people if they are sick; and if they are sick, that they should not board the plane, she said.Denise Korniewicz, an infectious disease expert at the University of Mi
7、ami, says officials should take bolder steps to screen passengers at international borders, as Japan and other Asian nations are doing.We have a very transient population here. And Japan has taken a lot of precautions. What Japan is doing is they are making everyone take a temperature when they get
8、off the airplane, she said. As far as I am concerned, I think that is a good idea. U. S. officials say they are holding off on more aggressive actions because the outbreak has been limited in the United States and they do not want to cause a health scare.Korniewicz says around the country health cen
9、ters are putting in place emergency response measures aimed at limiting disease outbreaks.Which statement is not true according to the passage().A. U. S. health officials are increasing surveillance measures at doctors’ offices.B. So far, the cases of swine flu in the United States are not ver
10、y serious.C. U. S. officials are determined to take more aggressive actions against swine flu.D. Besser says the number of infections will probably rise.2.The most subversive question about higher education has always been whether the college makes the student or the student makes the college. Along
11、 with skepticism, though, economic downturns also create one big countervailing force that pushes people toward college: many of them have nothing better to do. They have lost their jobs, or they find no jobs waiting for them after high school. In economic terms, the opportunity cost of going to sch
12、ool has been reduced. Over the course of the 1930s, the percentage of 17-year-old who graduated from high school jumped to 50 percent, from less than 30 percent. Boys-many of whom would have been working in better times-made up the bulk of the influx. In our Great Recession, students have surged int
13、o community colleges.So who is right-these students or the skeptics It isn’t too much of an exaggeration to say that the field of labor economics has spent the past 30 years trying to come up with an answer. In one paper after another, economists have tried to identify the portion of a person&
14、rsquo;s success for which schooling can fairly claim credit. One well-known study, co-researched by Alan Krueger, a Princeton professor now serving as the Treasury Department’s chief economist, offered some sup port for the skeptics. It tracked top high-school students through their 30s and fo
15、und that their alma maters had little impact on their earnings. Students who got into both, say, the University of Pennsylvania and Penn State made roughly the same amount of money, regardless of which they chose. Just as you might hope, the fine-grain status distinctions that preoccupy elite high-s
16、chool seniors (and more to the point, their parents) seem to be overrated.The rest of the evidence, however, has tended to point strongly in the other direction. Several studies have found a large earnings gap between more-and less-educated identical twins. Another study compared young men who happe
17、ned to live close to a college with young men who did not. The two groups were similar except for how easy it was for them to get to school, and the upshot was that the additional education attained by the first group lifted their earnings. College can’t guarantee anybody a good life, says Mic
18、hael McPherson, an economist who runs the Spencer Foundation in Chicago, which finances education research. But it surely ups the odds substantially.Which of the statement is true according to the passage().A. In recession, more youths will choose to work.B. All evidence show that college makes the
19、student.C. Economic downturns has great negative impact on college education.D. Studies mentioned in the passage show divided conclusions on the value of college education.3.Slavery has played a significant role in the history of the U. S. It existed in all the English mainland colonies and most of
20、the Founding Fathers also had slaves, as did eight of the first 12 presidents.Dutch traders brought 20 Africans to Jamestown, Virginia, as early as 1619, however, throughout the 17th century the number of Africans in the English mainland colonies grew very slowly. At that time, colonists used two ot
21、her sources of unfree labor: Native American slaves and European indentured servants.During those years, every colony had some Native American slaves, but their number was limited. Indian men avoided performing agricultural labor, because they viewed it as women’s work, and colonists complaine
22、d that they were too haughty. The more important was that the settlers found it more convenient to sell Native Americans captured in war to planters in the Caribbean than to turn them into slaves, because they often resisted and it was not hard for the slaves to escape. Later, the policy of killing
23、Indians or driving them away from white settlements was pro posed and it contradicted with their widespread employment as slaves.The other form of labor was the white indentured servitude. Most indentured servants consisted of poor Europeans. Desiring to escape tough conditions in Europe and take ad
24、vantage of fabled opportunities in America, they traded three to seven years of their labor in exchange for the transatlantic passage. At first, it was mainly English who were the white indentured servitude but later increasingly Irish, Welsh, and German joined. They were essentially temporary slave
25、s and most of them served as agricultural workers although some, especially in the North, were taught skilled trades. During the 17th century, they performed most of heavy labor in the Southern colonies and also consisted of the bulk of immigrants to those colonies.At the end of the 17th century, in
26、 order to meet the labor need, landowners in America turned to African slaves. During the late 17th and 18th centuries, thanks to the dominant position of Eng land in terms of naval superiority, English traders (some of whom lived in English America) trans ported millions of Africans across the Atla
27、ntic. And the transatlantic slave trade produced one of the largest forced migrations in history, blacks (the great majority of whom were slaves) increasing from about 7 percent of the American population in 1680 to more than 40 percent by the middle of the 18th century.The relation between the seco
28、nd paragraph and the next following two paragraphs is that in the next following two paragraphs the author ().A. further elaborates the issue discussed in the second paragraphB. modifies the point of view in the second paragraphC. changes the view expressed in the second paragraphD. offers the reaso
29、n to support the viewpoint in the second paragraph4.Besides climate change, developing countries like China need to deal with energy (21) and environmental issues: the development of sources of clean energy needs to be (22) line with their interests. Clean energy has been given greater prominence th
30、an ever before; it is seen as a new industrial (23) and (24) of economic growth for the new century. The time for clean energy has come.In China, clean energy is moving ahead at full speed. Take wind power as an example: by the end of last year, China had (25) wind power generating capacity of 12.21
31、 GW, making China the largest wind power generator in Asia and fourth in the world. But according to the research, one-third of wind power capacity is running (26) due to an inability to get the power to the national (27) .India-like Chinarelies (28) on coal for its energy needs. This will only chan
32、ge if the funds and technology to develop clean energy, such as wind and nuclear power, are (29) . India will not choose clean energy (30) . Nuclear power is currently the most (31) of clean energy sources. (32) , if it is to be (33) on a large scale by developing nations, technological advances wil
33、l be needed to make it competitive with coal.Compared (34) developed countries, developing countries have more (35) choices when it comes to energy structure. Promoting economic growth requires (36) energyand coal, the cheapest and most (37) source of energy for many countriesis the (38) choice. Che
34、ap coal means cheap electricity and a competitive economy. Rising electricity prices would cause public (39) and impact on standards of (40) .27().A. netB. networkC. gridD. mesh5.Besides climate change, developing countries like China need to deal with energy (21) and environmental issues: the devel
35、opment of sources of clean energy needs to be (22) line with their interests. Clean energy has been given greater prominence than ever before; it is seen as a new industrial (23) and (24) of economic growth for the new century. The time for clean energy has come.In China, clean energy is moving ahea
36、d at full speed. Take wind power as an example: by the end of last year, China had (25) wind power generating capacity of 12.21 GW, making China the largest wind power generator in Asia and fourth in the world. But according to the research, one-third of wind power capacity is running (26) due to an
37、 inability to get the power to the national (27) .India-like Chinarelies (28) on coal for its energy needs. This will only change if the funds and technology to develop clean energy, such as wind and nuclear power, are (29) . India will not choose clean energy (30) . Nuclear power is currently the m
38、ost (31) of clean energy sources. (32) , if it is to be (33) on a large scale by developing nations, technological advances will be needed to make it competitive with coal.Compared (34) developed countries, developing countries have more (35) choices when it comes to energy structure. Promoting econ
39、omic growth requires (36) energyand coal, the cheapest and most (37) source of energy for many countriesis the (38) choice. Cheap coal means cheap electricity and a competitive economy. Rising electricity prices would cause public (39) and impact on standards of (40) .28().A. mainlyB. significantlyC
40、. majorlyD. vitally6.Besides climate change, developing countries like China need to deal with energy (21) and environmental issues: the development of sources of clean energy needs to be (22) line with their interests. Clean energy has been given greater prominence than ever before; it is seen as a
41、 new industrial (23) and (24) of economic growth for the new century. The time for clean energy has come.In China, clean energy is moving ahead at full speed. Take wind power as an example: by the end of last year, China had (25) wind power generating capacity of 12.21 GW, making China the largest w
42、ind power generator in Asia and fourth in the world. But according to the research, one-third of wind power capacity is running (26) due to an inability to get the power to the national (27) .India-like Chinarelies (28) on coal for its energy needs. This will only change if the funds and technology
43、to develop clean energy, such as wind and nuclear power, are (29) . India will not choose clean energy (30) . Nuclear power is currently the most (31) of clean energy sources. (32) , if it is to be (33) on a large scale by developing nations, technological advances will be needed to make it competit
44、ive with coal.Compared (34) developed countries, developing countries have more (35) choices when it comes to energy structure. Promoting economic growth requires (36) energyand coal, the cheapest and most (37) source of energy for many countriesis the (38) choice. Cheap coal means cheap electricity
45、 and a competitive economy. Rising electricity prices would cause public (39) and impact on standards of (40) .29().A. providentB. providentialC. providingD. provided7.Besides climate change, developing countries like China need to deal with energy (21) and environmental issues: the development of s
46、ources of clean energy needs to be (22) line with their interests. Clean energy has been given greater prominence than ever before; it is seen as a new industrial (23) and (24) of economic growth for the new century. The time for clean energy has come.In China, clean energy is moving ahead at full s
47、peed. Take wind power as an example: by the end of last year, China had (25) wind power generating capacity of 12.21 GW, making China the largest wind power generator in Asia and fourth in the world. But according to the research, one-third of wind power capacity is running (26) due to an inability
48、to get the power to the national (27) .India-like Chinarelies (28) on coal for its energy needs. This will only change if the funds and technology to develop clean energy, such as wind and nuclear power, are (29) . India will not choose clean energy (30) . Nuclear power is currently the most (31) of
49、 clean energy sources. (32) , if it is to be (33) on a large scale by developing nations, technological advances will be needed to make it competitive with coal.Compared (34) developed countries, developing countries have more (35) choices when it comes to energy structure. Promoting economic growth requires (36) energyand coal, the cheapest and most (37)