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1、2022河北职称英语考试真题卷（3）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.B第三篇/BB Children and Parents/B Do parents owe their children something Yes, they owe them a great deal. One of their chief obligations is to give their children a sense of personal worth, for self-esteem is
2、 the basis of good mental health. A youngster(青少年)who is constantly made to feel stupid and unworthy, constantly compared to brighter brothers, sisters, or cousins, will become so unsure that he (or she) wont try at all. Of course, they should be corrected when they do wrong; this is the way childre
3、n learn. But the criticisms should be balanced with praises, perhaps with a smile and a kiss. No child is ever too old to be hugged(拥抱). Parents owe their children firm guidance and consistent discipline. It is frightening for a youngster to feel that he is in charge of himself; its like being in a
4、car without brakes(制动器,刹车). The parent who says no when other parents say yes sends a double message. He is also saying: I love you, and I am ready to risk your anger, because I dont want you to get into trouble. Parents owe their children a comfortable feeling about their body, and enough informati
5、on about sex to balance the misinformation that they will surely receive from their friends. Parents owe their children a set of solid values around which to build their lives. This means teaching them to respect the rights and opinions of others; it means being respectful to eiders, to teachers, an
6、d to the law. The best way to teach such values is by example. A child who is lied to will lie. A child who sees his parents steal tools from the factory will think that it is all right to steal.What is the double message a parent sends to his children when he says no AOther parents say yes and I sa
7、y no.BI love you, but you have to obey me.CI dont care what other parents say: in my house this will not do.DI love you, but I have to let you know what is good for yon. 2.B第二篇/B B External Rewards/B Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect mot
8、ivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (认识学派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging d
9、ependence on approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary (金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according
10、 to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in New York. But its easy to kill creativity by giving r
11、ewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at ma
12、jor universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades. In earlier grades, the use of socalled token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performancebased points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psyc
13、hologist claims.It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _. Arewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of studentsBpunishment is more effective than rewardingCfailing uninspired students helps improve thei
14、r overall academic standardsDdiscouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency 3.阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文内容从4个选项中选择个最佳答案。 B How to See Friendship/B More than forty thousand readers told us what they looked for in chose friendships, what they expectedU (51) /Ufr
15、iends, what they were willing to give in return, and how satisfied they wereU (52) /Uthe quality of their friendships. TheU (53) /Ugive little comfort to social critics. FriendshipU (54) /Uto be a unique form of human bonding. Unlike marriage or the ties thatU (55) /Uparents and children, it is not
16、defined or regulated byU (56) /U. Unlike other social roles that we are expected toU (57) /Uas citizens, employees, members of professional societies and other organizations-it has its own principle, which is to promoteU (58) /Uof warmth, trust, love, and affectionU (59) /Utwo people. The survey on
17、friendship appeared in the MarchU (60) /Uof Psychology Today, The findings confirm that issues of trust and betrayal (背叛) areU (61) /Uto friendship. They also suggest that our readers do notU (62) /Ufor friends only among those who areU (63) /Ulike them, but find many who differ in race, religion, a
18、nd ethnic (种族的) background. Arguably the most importantU (64) /Uthat emerges from the data,U (65) /U, is not something that we found- but what we did not. AeffectsBexpectationsCresultsDconsequences 4.B第三篇/BB Children and Parents/B Do parents owe their children something Yes, they owe them a great de
19、al. One of their chief obligations is to give their children a sense of personal worth, for self-esteem is the basis of good mental health. A youngster(青少年)who is constantly made to feel stupid and unworthy, constantly compared to brighter brothers, sisters, or cousins, will become so unsure that he
20、 (or she) wont try at all. Of course, they should be corrected when they do wrong; this is the way children learn. But the criticisms should be balanced with praises, perhaps with a smile and a kiss. No child is ever too old to be hugged(拥抱). Parents owe their children firm guidance and consistent d
21、iscipline. It is frightening for a youngster to feel that he is in charge of himself; its like being in a car without brakes(制动器,刹车). The parent who says no when other parents say yes sends a double message. He is also saying: I love you, and I am ready to risk your anger, because I dont want you to
22、 get into trouble. Parents owe their children a comfortable feeling about their body, and enough information about sex to balance the misinformation that they will surely receive from their friends. Parents owe their children a set of solid values around which to build their lives. This means teachi
23、ng them to respect the rights and opinions of others; it means being respectful to eiders, to teachers, and to the law. The best way to teach such values is by example. A child who is lied to will lie. A child who sees his parents steal tools from the factory will think that it is all right to steal
24、.What, according to the author, do parents NOT owe their children ATeaching them to have self-respect.BMaking them feel comfortable about their body.CGiving them a good college education.DTelling them no when necessary. 5. 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 B第一篇/BB A So
25、ciety without a Formal Authority/B In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be quite friendly with each other without a for
26、mal authority ! Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since t
27、he Indians rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples. It would be difficult, if not
28、impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so m
29、uch a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale. Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would no
30、t be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system. In modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any socia
31、l objectives.After reading the passage, you may conclude that _. Athe Indian system is also suitable for some small townsBthe Indians are too simple-minded to live in a modern societyCour system is much better than the IndiansDthe Indian social system would be very difficult to implement in our soci
32、ety 6. 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 B第一篇/BB A Society without a Formal Authority/B In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes were living in the area without a formal
33、 leadership system. They appeared to be quite friendly with each other without a formal authority ! Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifel
34、ong familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of
35、the tribes would arouse others to action by examples. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the re
36、cognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of e
37、xamples on a large scale. Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system
38、. In modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.It can be inferred from the passage that many tasks in our society have to be carried out _. Aunder severe weather conditionsBwith great effortsCwithout any delayDwith great care 7.阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给
39、出了4个选项，请根据短文内容从4个选项中选择个最佳答案。 B How to See Friendship/B More than forty thousand readers told us what they looked for in chose friendships, what they expectedU (51) /Ufriends, what they were willing to give in return, and how satisfied they wereU (52) /Uthe quality of their friendships. TheU (53) /Ug
40、ive little comfort to social critics. FriendshipU (54) /Uto be a unique form of human bonding. Unlike marriage or the ties thatU (55) /Uparents and children, it is not defined or regulated byU (56) /U. Unlike other social roles that we are expected toU (57) /Uas citizens, employees, members of profe
41、ssional societies and other organizations-it has its own principle, which is to promoteU (58) /Uof warmth, trust, love, and affectionU (59) /Utwo people. The survey on friendship appeared in the MarchU (60) /Uof Psychology Today, The findings confirm that issues of trust and betrayal (背叛) areU (61)
42、/Uto friendship. They also suggest that our readers do notU (62) /Ufor friends only among those who areU (63) /Ulike them, but find many who differ in race, religion, and ethnic (种族的) background. Arguably the most importantU (64) /Uthat emerges from the data,U (65) /U, is not something that we found
43、- but what we did not. AappearsBfeelsCleadsDsounds 8.B第三篇/BB Children and Parents/B Do parents owe their children something Yes, they owe them a great deal. One of their chief obligations is to give their children a sense of personal worth, for self-esteem is the basis of good mental health. A young
44、ster(青少年)who is constantly made to feel stupid and unworthy, constantly compared to brighter brothers, sisters, or cousins, will become so unsure that he (or she) wont try at all. Of course, they should be corrected when they do wrong; this is the way children learn. But the criticisms should be bal
45、anced with praises, perhaps with a smile and a kiss. No child is ever too old to be hugged(拥抱). Parents owe their children firm guidance and consistent discipline. It is frightening for a youngster to feel that he is in charge of himself; its like being in a car without brakes(制动器,刹车). The parent wh
46、o says no when other parents say yes sends a double message. He is also saying: I love you, and I am ready to risk your anger, because I dont want you to get into trouble. Parents owe their children a comfortable feeling about their body, and enough information about sex to balance the misinformation that they will surely receive from their friends. Parents owe their children a set of solid values around which to build their lives. This means teaching them to respect the rights and opinions of others; it mean