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1、2022吉林公共英语考试模拟卷（2）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.There is a section of the Western Atlantic, off the southeast coast of the United States, forming what has been termed a triangle, extending from Bermuda in the north to southern Florida, and then east to a
2、 point through the Bahamas to about 40 west longitude and then back again to Bermuda. This area occupies a disturbing and almost unbelievable place in the worlds catalogue of unexplained mysteries. This is usually referred to as the Bermuda Triangle, where more than 100 planes and ships have literal
3、ly vanished into thin air, most of them since 1945, and where more than 1,000 lives have been lost in the past twenty-six years, without a single body or even a piece of wreckage from the vanishing planes or ships have been found. Disappearances continue to occur with apparently increasing frequency
4、, in spite of the fact that the seaways and airways are today more traveled, searches are more thorough, and records are more carefully kept. Investigators of the Bermuda Triangle have long noted the existence of another mystery area in the worlds oceans, southeast of Japan, with a record and reputa
5、tion indicative of special danger to ships and planes. Whether the ships have been lost from underwater volcanoes or sudden tidal waves, this area, often called the Devils Sea, enjoys an even more sinister reputation than the Bermuda Triangle in that the Japanese authorities have proclaimed it a dan
6、ger zone. The Devils Sea had long been dreaded by fishermen, who believed it was inhabited by devils, demons, and monsters which seized the ships of the unwary. Aircraft and boats had disappeared in the area over a period of many years, but during the time when Japan was at peace, nine modern ships
7、disappeared in the period of 1950 to 1954, with crews totaling several hundred persons, in circumstances characteristic (extensive air-sea searches, lack of wreckage or oil slicks) of the happenings in the Bermuda Triangle. The Bermuda Triangle and the Devils Sea share a striking coincidence. The Be
8、rmuda Triangle includes almost at its western terminus, longitude 80 west, a line where true north and magnetic north become aligned with no compass variation to be calculated. And this same 80 W changes its designation when it passes the poles, becoming 150 E. From the North Pole south, it continue
9、s on, passing east of Japan, and crosses the middle of the Devils Sea. At this point in the center of the Devils Sea, a compass needle will also point to true north and magnetic north at the same time, just as it does at the western border of the Bermuda Triangle on the other side of the world. The
10、unexplained losses in this Japanese equivalent of the Bermuda Triangle were instrumental in inspiring a governmentsponsored investigation of the area, which took place in 1955. This expedition, with scientists taking data as their ship, the Kaiyo Maru No.5, cruised the Devils Sea, ended on a rather
11、spectacular note -the survey ship suddenly vanished with its crew and the investigating scientists!The Devils Sea is different from the Bermuda Triangle in thatAit has underwater volcanoes.Bit has been officially declared a dangerous zone.Cit is haunted by demons and monsters.Dit is especially dange
12、rous to ships. 2.California legislators have a chance to eliminate the states unjust and loop-hole-ridden newspaper sales tax, if a handful of Senate leaders will let them. The long-overdue repeal of this eight-year-old temporary tax breezed through the General Assembly the other day by a vote of 73
13、-5. Senate leadership, however, appears determined to avoid any similar vote in its house. Weve kind of always felt that if we could get to the rank and file in the Senate, repeal would pass, says Thomas W. Newton, general counsel for the California Newspaper Publishers Association (CNPA). Senate pr
14、esident pro tem John Burton and other leaders know that, so they are hoping to keep the bill bottled up in committee until the Legislature adjourns in August. Certainly, neither Burton nor anyone else can make a compelling argument for keeping the tax. Sixteen states impose some kind of sales tax on
15、 newspapers, but Californias is uniquely, um, Californian in making odd distinctions about what kinds of newspapers do or do not get taxed. Its very creation was an example of legislative sausagemakinq at its worst. Back in 1991, California was in a budget crisis. With the state deficit approaching
16、$14.5 billion, legislators agreed to overturn the traditional sales tax exemptions for newspapers, magazines, bottle water, candy, and snack foods. The 8% sales tax was sold as a temporary, emergency measure to get out of a fiscal jam. As soon as it was passed, legislators began to pare away at it.
17、Free distribution newspapers were exempted within days. The next year, most weekly newspapers -those that publish fewer than 60 times a year -were exempted, as were magazines. Since then, the sales tax has been dropped on candy, snack foods, bottled water, and, yes, bunker fuel. Whos left About 135
18、daily and twice-weekly newspapers. One other thing has changed since 1991: Instead of facing a $14.5 billion deficit, California this year expect to rake in a surplus of $4 to $5 billion. Senate leaders talk as if repealing the tax amounts to giving a financial windfall to the Los Angeles Times or s
19、ome other big-city paper. Well, there are perhaps 10 of those in California. The typical paper that is paying this tax is the 6,000-circulation daily Turlock Journal or the 11,000-circulation twice-weekly Sonoma IndexTribune, CNPAs Newton says. For these local papers, the sales tax is a real burden
20、-especially since the Legislature in its wisdom has never taxed competing media. There is no sales tax on direct mail, yellow Pages, cable TV, radio, or the Internet. Sometimes the burden is fatal: Assemblyman Jack Scott says he was persuaded to repeal the tax after a community paper in his district
21、 folded. Californias sales tax on newspapers has done enough damage. It is time for president pro tem Burton to show some real leadership -by getting out of the way and letting state senators vote for repeal.The criticism of the author about the sales tax is thatAit did not save the state from its b
22、udget crisis.Bit did not give exemptions to newspapers and magazines.Cit failed to make clear what kinds of newspapers to tax.Dit only covered daily and semiweekly newspapers. 3.The role of the federal government in preventing adolescent drug use was a central issue of the 1996 presidential campaign
23、. Bob Dole criticized the Clinton administration for reducing the staff of the Office of National Drug Control Policy while Clinton criticized attempts by the Republican majority in Congress to cut federal support of drug-prevention programs. It seemed as though everyone wanted to be seen as favorin
24、g federal spending on drug prevention, and in particular, drug education. Indeed, 65 percent of congressional candidates polled in 1996 by the Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America ranked prevention programs as the number one priority in reducing the countrys drug problem, compared to just 9 per
25、cent for both prohibition and treatment. By the close of 1996, Republicans had abandoned their attempts to reduce the federal prevention budget and Clinton had secured extra funds for drug-education programs within the Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Education. There is
26、 no mystery in the bi-partisan popularity of such education programs. Recently completed large-scale surveys have shown that illegal drug use among young people increased in the past three years, following more than a decade of steady decline. Advocates of drug education argue that federally funded
27、initiatives of the past 10 years contributed, at least in part, to the decline in adolescent drug taking, and that cuts in federal spending led to the recent increased use. However, unlike other aspects of drug control policy, prevention or education has been hardly analyzed. Law enforcement and pro
28、hibition efforts have been the subject of debate in both the popular press and academic circles. In contrast, prevention is simply assumed to be a praiseworthy enterprise, and the claims of its advocates are uncritically accepted by the press and policy makers. Despite claims to the contrary, availa
29、ble data do not support the view that the decline in adolescent drug use that occurred between the early1980s and early 1990s was influenced by the level of federal spending on drug-education activities. Indeed, if one takes into account the fact that the effects of spending do not manifest themselv
30、es in actual behavior for at least three years, then increased spending coincided with increased drug use. The massive increase in federal spending that occurred in the mid-1980s drew a lot of people and programs into the drug-prevention arena in an indiscriminate manner. A good deal of this money w
31、ent to people with limited experience and expertise in drug prevention. It is thus hardly surprising that we often get more, not less, drug use as a result of these activities.According to the writer, drug control policy shouldArequest more government funding.Bplace more emphasis on prevention.Cbe a
32、nalyzed in greater detail.Dbe debated on a larger scale. 4.There is a section of the Western Atlantic, off the southeast coast of the United States, forming what has been termed a triangle, extending from Bermuda in the north to southern Florida, and then east to a point through the Bahamas to about
33、 40 west longitude and then back again to Bermuda. This area occupies a disturbing and almost unbelievable place in the worlds catalogue of unexplained mysteries. This is usually referred to as the Bermuda Triangle, where more than 100 planes and ships have literally vanished into thin air, most of
34、them since 1945, and where more than 1,000 lives have been lost in the past twenty-six years, without a single body or even a piece of wreckage from the vanishing planes or ships have been found. Disappearances continue to occur with apparently increasing frequency, in spite of the fact that the sea
35、ways and airways are today more traveled, searches are more thorough, and records are more carefully kept. Investigators of the Bermuda Triangle have long noted the existence of another mystery area in the worlds oceans, southeast of Japan, with a record and reputation indicative of special danger t
36、o ships and planes. Whether the ships have been lost from underwater volcanoes or sudden tidal waves, this area, often called the Devils Sea, enjoys an even more sinister reputation than the Bermuda Triangle in that the Japanese authorities have proclaimed it a danger zone. The Devils Sea had long b
37、een dreaded by fishermen, who believed it was inhabited by devils, demons, and monsters which seized the ships of the unwary. Aircraft and boats had disappeared in the area over a period of many years, but during the time when Japan was at peace, nine modern ships disappeared in the period of 1950 t
38、o 1954, with crews totaling several hundred persons, in circumstances characteristic (extensive air-sea searches, lack of wreckage or oil slicks) of the happenings in the Bermuda Triangle. The Bermuda Triangle and the Devils Sea share a striking coincidence. The Bermuda Triangle includes almost at i
39、ts western terminus, longitude 80 west, a line where true north and magnetic north become aligned with no compass variation to be calculated. And this same 80 W changes its designation when it passes the poles, becoming 150 E. From the North Pole south, it continues on, passing east of Japan, and cr
40、osses the middle of the Devils Sea. At this point in the center of the Devils Sea, a compass needle will also point to true north and magnetic north at the same time, just as it does at the western border of the Bermuda Triangle on the other side of the world. The unexplained losses in this Japanese
41、 equivalent of the Bermuda Triangle were instrumental in inspiring a governmentsponsored investigation of the area, which took place in 1955. This expedition, with scientists taking data as their ship, the Kaiyo Maru No.5, cruised the Devils Sea, ended on a rather spectacular note -the survey ship s
42、uddenly vanished with its crew and the investigating scientists!What do the Devils Sea and the Bermuda Triangle share in commonAAt certain locations, the magnetic north and true north are in exactly the same direction.BThe compass needles would point to the North Pole with little variation.CLongitud
43、e 80 west and 150 east become aligned near the North Pole.DThe western borders of the triangles change directions to the true north. 5.California legislators have a chance to eliminate the states unjust and loop-hole-ridden newspaper sales tax, if a handful of Senate leaders will let them. The long-
44、overdue repeal of this eight-year-old temporary tax breezed through the General Assembly the other day by a vote of 73-5. Senate leadership, however, appears determined to avoid any similar vote in its house. Weve kind of always felt that if we could get to the rank and file in the Senate, repeal wo
45、uld pass, says Thomas W. Newton, general counsel for the California Newspaper Publishers Association (CNPA). Senate president pro tem John Burton and other leaders know that, so they are hoping to keep the bill bottled up in committee until the Legislature adjourns in August. Certainly, neither Burt
46、on nor anyone else can make a compelling argument for keeping the tax. Sixteen states impose some kind of sales tax on newspapers, but Californias is uniquely, um, Californian in making odd distinctions about what kinds of newspapers do or do not get taxed. Its very creation was an example of legisl
47、ative sausagemakinq at its worst. Back in 1991, California was in a budget crisis. With the state deficit approaching $14.5 billion, legislators agreed to overturn the traditional sales tax exemptions for newspapers, magazines, bottle water, candy, and snack foods. The 8% sales tax was sold as a tem
48、porary, emergency measure to get out of a fiscal jam. As soon as it was passed, legislators began to pare away at it. Free distribution newspapers were exempted within days. The next year, most weekly newspapers -those that publish fewer than 60 times a year -were exempted, as were magazines. Since
49、then, the sales tax has been dropped on candy, snack foods, bottled water, and, yes, bunker fuel. Whos left About 135 daily and twice-weekly newspapers. One other thing has changed since 1991: Instead of facing a $14.5 billion deficit, California this year expect to rake in a surplus of $4 to $5 billion. Senate leaders talk as if repealing the ta