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1、2021年湖南公共英语考试考前冲刺卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to think and concentrate. Spilich put youn
2、g non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived(被剥夺)of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject(试验对象)sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers a
3、nd non-smokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters was transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine(尼古丁), active smokers were fas
4、ter than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the mos
5、t important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. As our tests became more complex, su
6、ms up Spilich, non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins, He predicts, smokers might perform adequately at many jobsuntil they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose ,but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental c
7、apacity. George Spilich s experiment was conducted in such a way as to _ . Acompel the subjects to separate major information from minor detailsBput the subjects through increasingly complex testsCcheck the effectiveness of nicotine on smokersDregister the prompt responses of the subjects 2.I Questi
8、ons 5 to 7 are based on the following conversation./IWhat does the doctor say about aspirinAIt will do the man some harm.BThe man can take it when he feels achy.CThe man doesnt have to take it.DThe man can take at least four every day. 3.I Questions 5 to 7 are based on the following conversation./IW
9、hat do we learn from this dialogueAThe man is seriously ill with a cold.BThe doctor doesn t take the man s disease seriously.CThe man is going to have a few days off.DThe man hopes to get more effective medicine from the doctor. 4.What s the probable relationship between the two speakersAStudents.BS
10、tudent and supervisor.CCoworkers.DHusband and wife. 5. Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to think and concentrate. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers d
11、eprived(被剥夺)of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject(试验对象)sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well. The
12、next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters was transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine(尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third tes
13、t of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers
14、, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. As our tests became more complex, sums up Spilich, non-smokers performed better
15、 than smokers by wider and wider margins, He predicts, smokers might perform adequately at many jobsuntil they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose ,but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity. The word bested (Line 3, Para 5) m
16、ost probably means _ . AbeatBenviedCcaught up withDmade the best of 6. BText/B The decreaseU (8) /Ublood pressure occurredU (9) /Urace orU (10) /Uand whether or not study participants are a typical American diet,U (11) /Uis high in saturated fats and contains few fruits andU (12) /Uor the so-called
17、DASH (for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)diet, which emphasizes lots of freshU (13) /U, low-fat diary, fish and fewer sweets and which was proved in 1997 to reduce hypertension. The biggest decrease in blood pressure in this study was recorded in subjects who ate the DASH diet and reduced t
18、heir sodiumU (14) /Uto 1 200mg a day. Why is this significant U (15) /U-health experts estimate that Americans consume, on average, about 3 500 mg of sodiumU (16) /Uabout 9 grams of salt daily. It s notU (17) /Uwe re that heavy-handed with the saltshaker. Most of our dietary sodium is addedU (18) /U
19、food processing. U (19) /Uto 1 200mg, youd have to forgo mostU (20) /Ufoods, take-out deliveries and restaurant meals. So pay attentionU (21) /Uhow much salt you re eating, but don t forget to make fruits, vegetables and whole grains aU (22) /Upart of your diet. They ll helpU (23) /Uyour cholesterol
20、 levelU (24) /Uyour blood pressure. Be sure to drink alcoholU (25) /U, if at all. U (26) /Uweighteven just 4.5kgand exercising at least 30 minutes most days of the week can also have a markedU (27) /Uon blood pressure. AmaleBfemaleCgenderDadult 7. Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washin
21、gton College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to think and concentrate. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived(被剥夺)of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject(试验对象)sat before a comp
22、uter screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant
23、 one of the letters was transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine(尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors tha
24、n active smokers. The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended n
25、ot only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. As our tests became more complex, sums up Spilich, non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins, He predicts, smokers might perform adequately at many jobsuntil t
26、hey got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose ,but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity. Which of the following statements is true AActive smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.BActive smokers responded more qu
27、ickly than the other subjects.CNon-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.DDeprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks. 8.What does the woman suggest that they should doABuy some ice-cream.BWait for the lights to be turned off.CGo immediately to g
28、et their seats.DEnjoy the play. 9. BText/B The decreaseU (8) /Ublood pressure occurredU (9) /Urace orU (10) /Uand whether or not study participants are a typical American diet,U (11) /Uis high in saturated fats and contains few fruits andU (12) /Uor the so-called DASH (for Dietary Approaches to Stop
29、 Hypertension)diet, which emphasizes lots of freshU (13) /U, low-fat diary, fish and fewer sweets and which was proved in 1997 to reduce hypertension. The biggest decrease in blood pressure in this study was recorded in subjects who ate the DASH diet and reduced their sodiumU (14) /Uto 1 200mg a day
30、. Why is this significant U (15) /U-health experts estimate that Americans consume, on average, about 3 500 mg of sodiumU (16) /Uabout 9 grams of salt daily. It s notU (17) /Uwe re that heavy-handed with the saltshaker. Most of our dietary sodium is addedU (18) /Ufood processing. U (19) /Uto 1 200mg
31、, youd have to forgo mostU (20) /Ufoods, take-out deliveries and restaurant meals. So pay attentionU (21) /Uhow much salt you re eating, but don t forget to make fruits, vegetables and whole grains aU (22) /Upart of your diet. They ll helpU (23) /Uyour cholesterol levelU (24) /Uyour blood pressure.
32、Be sure to drink alcoholU (25) /U, if at all. U (26) /Uweighteven just 4.5kgand exercising at least 30 minutes most days of the week can also have a markedU (27) /Uon blood pressure. AwhichBthatCwhatDwho 10. Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, d
33、ecided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to think and concentrate. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived(被剥夺)of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject(试验对象)sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as
34、 he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters was transformed into
35、 a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine(尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test requir
36、ed people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also
37、 had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. As our tests became more complex, sums up Spilich, non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins, He predicts, smokers might perform adequately at many jobsuntil they got complicated. A smoking airline p
38、ilot could fly adequately if no problems arose ,but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity. We can infer from the last paragraph that _ . Asmokers should not expect to become airline pilotsBsmoking in emergency cases causes mental illnessCno airline pilots smoke during fli
39、ghtsDsmokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases 11. BText/B The decreaseU (8) /Ublood pressure occurredU (9) /Urace orU (10) /Uand whether or not study participants are a typical American diet,U (11) /Uis high in saturated fats and contains few fruits andU (12) /Uor the so-called DASH (fo
40、r Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)diet, which emphasizes lots of freshU (13) /U, low-fat diary, fish and fewer sweets and which was proved in 1997 to reduce hypertension. The biggest decrease in blood pressure in this study was recorded in subjects who ate the DASH diet and reduced their sod
41、iumU (14) /Uto 1 200mg a day. Why is this significant U (15) /U-health experts estimate that Americans consume, on average, about 3 500 mg of sodiumU (16) /Uabout 9 grams of salt daily. It s notU (17) /Uwe re that heavy-handed with the saltshaker. Most of our dietary sodium is addedU (18) /Ufood pro
42、cessing. U (19) /Uto 1 200mg, youd have to forgo mostU (20) /Ufoods, take-out deliveries and restaurant meals. So pay attentionU (21) /Uhow much salt you re eating, but don t forget to make fruits, vegetables and whole grains aU (22) /Upart of your diet. They ll helpU (23) /Uyour cholesterol levelU
43、(24) /Uyour blood pressure. Be sure to drink alcoholU (25) /U, if at all. U (26) /Uweighteven just 4.5kgand exercising at least 30 minutes most days of the week can also have a markedU (27) /Uon blood pressure. AmeatBporkCalcoholDvegetables 12. BText/B The decreaseU (8) /Ublood pressure occurredU (9
44、) /Urace orU (10) /Uand whether or not study participants are a typical American diet,U (11) /Uis high in saturated fats and contains few fruits andU (12) /Uor the so-called DASH (for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)diet, which emphasizes lots of freshU (13) /U, low-fat diary, fish and fewer
45、 sweets and which was proved in 1997 to reduce hypertension. The biggest decrease in blood pressure in this study was recorded in subjects who ate the DASH diet and reduced their sodiumU (14) /Uto 1 200mg a day. Why is this significant U (15) /U-health experts estimate that Americans consume, on average, about