英语句子成分和结构.ppt

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1、 主语（主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）英语句

2、子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习Zjgeneva重庆万盛田家炳中学重庆万盛田家炳中学谓语（谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English. He is asleep. 表语（表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You dont look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The p

3、icture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）Zjgeneva重庆万盛田家炳中学重庆万盛田家炳中学（常见的系动词有:be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉

4、） .归纳归纳 It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.Zjgeneva重庆万盛田家炳中学重庆万盛田家炳中学宾语：宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （

5、数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some

6、money.Zjgeneva重庆万盛田家炳中学重庆万盛田家炳中学宾补：宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词） We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in. ( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father

7、advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （现在分词）Zjgeneva重庆万盛田家炳中学重庆万盛田家炳中学宾补：宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词） We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in.

8、( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （现在分词）Zjgeneva重庆万盛田家炳中学重庆万盛田家炳中学状语：状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 方式和让步。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、 （以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow. T

9、he meeting will be held in the meetingroom.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. Though he is young, he can do it well. He goes to

10、 school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well. Zjgeneva重庆万盛田家炳中学重庆万盛田家炳中学The teacher asked me to read the passage.（ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词 She came/ My head aches.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语 She likes English.主语主语 系动词系动词 主语补语主语补语 She is happy主语主语 双宾动词双宾动词 间接宾语间接宾语 直

11、接宾语直接宾语 She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语 She makes her mother angry 句子结构句子结构简单句的五个基本句型简单句的五个基本句型Exercises 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considere

12、d him honest.5. He broke a piece of glass. 5. 主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语 1. 主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语2. 主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语3. 主语主语 动词动词 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语4. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语Zjgeneva重庆万盛田家炳中学重庆万盛田家炳中学 10. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city 7. I love you more than her child 8. Trees

13、turn green when spring comes.9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 6. 主语 动词 形式宾语 it 宾语补足语+宾语7. 主语 及物动词 宾语8. 主语 系动词 表语9. 主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语Zjgeneva重庆万盛田家炳中学重庆万盛田家炳中学11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。痛苦使得他叫喊起来。 13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 14他每个月

14、理一次发。他每个月理一次发。 15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 15. 主语 系动词 表语 11. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语12 主语 及物动词 宾语13. 主语 及物动词 宾语14. 主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语Zjgeneva重庆万盛田家炳中学重庆万盛田家炳中学翻翻 译译 练练 习：习：主谓结构 （ 主语 不及物动词 ） 1.你应当努力学习。你应当努力学习。 2.她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 3.那天早上我们谈了很多。那天早上我们谈了很多。 4.会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。 5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。在过去的十年里

15、，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。1 .You should study hard. 2 . She went home very late yesterday evening.3. That morning we talked a great deal.4. The meeting will last two hours. 5. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.10 . I lived in Beijing five years ago.6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。这种事情全世界各地

16、每天都在发生。 7 1919年，在北京爆发了年，在北京爆发了“五五.四四”运动。运动。 8每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。 9这个盒子重五公斤。这个盒子重五公斤。 10五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。6 .Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.7. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.8. Classes begin at eight every day.9. This box weighs five kilos.Zjgeneva

17、重庆万盛田家炳中学重庆万盛田家炳中学1.昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。 2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3.这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。 4.他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。 5.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。你们必须在两周内看完这些书。主谓宾结构主谓宾结构 （主语（主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语 ） 1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.3.He has read this book many times.4.They have carri

18、ed out the plan successfully.5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks. Zjgeneva重庆万盛田家炳中学重庆万盛田家炳中学6.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。7.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 8. Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。 9.我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。 10.他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。 6.That gentlemen can speak three languages

19、 fluently.7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.8.Jim cannot dress himself.9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10.He did not know what to say.主系表结构主系表结构 （主语（主语 系动词表语系动词表语 ）1我的兄弟都是大学生。 2冬季白天短，夜晚长。3布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 5孩子们，请保持安静。 6这本书是有关美国历史的书。 7她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 8他失业

20、了。 9树叶已经变黄了。 10这个报告听起来很有意思。 1.My brothers are all college students.2.In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.3. Mrs Brown looks very healthy.4.At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.5. Children, keep quiet please.6. This book is about the history of the United States.7.Her jo

21、b is to look after the children in the nursery.8.He is out of work.9.The leaves have turned yellow.10.The report sounds interesting. 双宾语结构双宾语结构 （主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语（主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语 ）1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 5. 他把车票给列车员看。 6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。 7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆

22、新自行车。 8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。 9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？ 10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.3.Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.4.Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5.He showed the ticket to the conductor.6.This term I

23、 have written three letters to my parents.7.My father has bought me a new bike.8.Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.9.Will you please get me a new copy?10. Shall I call you a taxi?复合宾语结构复合宾语结构 （主语（主语 动词动词 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语 ）1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为John. 3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4他们把门推开了。 5他们把小偷释放了。 6我们要使学校变得更美丽。

24、 7他请我们参加做游戏。 8我要你把真相告诉我。 9卫兵命令我们立即离开。 10明天我要找人来修理机器。11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。 1.We call her Alice.2.His parents named him John.3.All of us considered him honest.4.They pushed the door open.5.They have set the thief free.6.We will make our school more beautiful.7.He asked us to join in the gam

25、e.8.I want you to tell me the truth.9.The guards ordered us to leave at once.10.Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine.11.Every morning we hear him read English aloud.12.The pain made him cry out.13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 14他每个月理一次发。 15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。17她正在听人家讲故事。 18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。 19我从来没看

26、见这个字这样用过。20他感到很难跟你交谈。 21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 23学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。 24.I thought it no use talking with that man13.We wont let her go out at night.14.He has his hair cut once a month.15.Ill get my recorder mended.16.The terrible sound made the children frightened.17.She is

27、 listening to someone telling stories.18.The boys were watching the soldiers drilling.19.I have never seen the word used that way before.20.He felt it very difficult to talk with you.21.I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.22.I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.23.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.