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1、一、单词拼写一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。根据读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。1._ sklpt n. 雕塑雕塑 2. _ glri n. 画廊画廊3. _ simbl n. 象征；符号象征；符号 4. _ rilidn n. 宗教；宗教信仰宗教；宗教信仰5. _ dimitri n. 几何学几何学 6. _ .sivilaizein n.文明文明 7. _ distrikt n. 区域区域 8. _ .eksibin n.展览会展览会 9. _ du n. 阴影；影子阴影；影子10. _ vnju: n. 林阴道；大街林阴道；大街 avenue sculpturegaller
2、ysymbolreligiongeometrycivilizationdistrict exhibitionshadow11. _ tip n. 提示；小费；顶提示；小费；顶12. _ knvins vt.使信服使信服13. _ pridikt vt. 预言；预测预言；预测14. _ bstrkt adj.抽象的抽象的15. _ gresiv adj.侵略的侵略的;好斗的好斗的16. _ .kntrv:l adj.荒谬的荒谬的17._ p:mnnt adj. 永久的；持久的永久的；持久的18. _ .kntrv:l adj.争议的争议的19. _ naudeiz adv. 现今现今20. _
3、knsikwntli adv.所以所以consequentlytipconvincepredictabstractaggressiveridiculouspermanentcontroversialnowadays二、单词运用二、单词运用 根据句子的意义及所给的首字母提示写根据句子的意义及所给的首字母提示写出单词的适当形式，完成句子。出单词的适当形式，完成句子。1.N_, more and more families own cars.2.There is a general b_ that things will be soon get better.3.She didnt study at
4、 all, and c_, he failed all his exams.4.In the evening you s_ is longer than you are.5.He lost all his p_ in the tsunami and he is poor and homeless now.possession nowadaysbeliefconsequently shadow6.He didnt want to be a temporary staff in the company. He just wanted to work p_ there.7.Scientist can
5、 now p_ when and where a hurricane will take place.8.What you said really sounds a_ . Could you explain it in details?9.I had some difficulty c_ the boss that I was the right man for the position.10.The a_ of the project is to help the people who suffer aids.aim permanent predictabstractconvincing三、
6、词语派生三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1. The government predicted that the economy will improve. However, not many people agree with the _ . 2. His paintings were exhibited in the local art gallery last week and the _ is a great success.3. Her necklace was valued at $30,000, which is quite _.4. M
7、y granny possesses an ancient vase and it is one of her _ . 5. Jim has nothing to do today and he is walking on the street _ (aim).aimlessly predictionexhibitionvaluablepossessions6. I need some information of getting a _ (scholar) in your university.7. After they got married, they decided to settle
8、 _ (permanent) in France.8. With the teachers _ (convince) words, the students are determined to win the game.9. There is a general _ (believe) that things will soon get better.10. Environmental damage threatens the whole of _ (civil).civilizationscholarshippermanentlyconvincingbelief四、词组互译四、词组互译 将下
9、列词组或短语译成中文或英语。将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。1. _ 1. _ 以以为目标为目标2. _ 2. _ 取代取代 3. _ 3. _ 把把集中集中 4. _ 4. _ 大量大量 5. _ 5. _ 试图做某事试图做某事 6. _ 6. _ 现代艺术现代艺术 7. _ 7. _ 值得值得 8. _ 8. _ 拥有拥有 in possession of aim attake the place offocus ona great deal ofattempt to domodern artbe worth9. a bunch of _10. in the flesh _11. in t
10、he late 19th century _12. scores of _13. the Renaissance _14. would rather _15. a professional artist _16. convince sb. of sth. _使某人信服某事使某人信服某事一串一串现实生活中的现实生活中的; 本人本人十九世纪末十九世纪末许多许多;大量大量文艺复兴文艺复兴(时期时期)宁愿宁愿一位职业艺术家一位职业艺术家五、词组运用五、词组运用 从上述短语中选择恰当的短语翻译下列从上述短语中选择恰当的短语翻译下列句子。句子。1.电脑是不可以取代人类的，因为电脑是由人类控制的。电脑是不可
11、以取代人类的，因为电脑是由人类控制的。_because computer is controlled by human.2.在文艺复兴时期，画家在作品中焦点是人而不是宗教。在文艺复兴时期，画家在作品中焦点是人而不是宗教。During the renaissance, the paintings of the artists_3.西湖很漂亮，很值得一游。西湖很漂亮，很值得一游。The West Lake is very beautiful, _Computer can not take the place of humandidnt focus on religion but peoplewhi
12、ch is worth a visit.4.那个囚犯企图逃跑，但失败了。那个囚犯企图逃跑，但失败了。The prisoner _5.这家化工排除大量的污水。这家化工排除大量的污水。This chemical factory _6.有许多人等着比赛的结果。有许多人等着比赛的结果。_, waiting for the result of the match.7.是谁拥有这些财产？是谁拥有这些财产？_Who is in possession of the property?attempted to escape, but failed. drained out a great deal of was
13、te water.There were scores of people8.这个小男孩尽力使他的父亲信服他的诚实。这个小男孩尽力使他的父亲信服他的诚实。The little boy tried to _9.他如此紧张以致到他不能集中精神考试。他如此紧张以致到他不能集中精神考试。He was so nervous that _10.他的目标是考上一所重点大学。他的目标是考上一所重点大学。_He aimed at entering a key university. convince his father of his honesty.he couldnt focus on his test.La
14、nguage points1.abstract adj.抽象的抽象的; 深奥的深奥的 n.摘要摘要 an abstract concept 抽象概念抽象概念 abstract philosophical problems 深奥的哲学问题深奥的哲学问题 Her ideas seem a little abstract. 她的思想有点儿让人费解。她的思想有点儿让人费解。 Astronomy is an abstract subject. 天文学是一门深奥的学科。天文学是一门深奥的学科。 To make an abstract of a speech 将演说作将演说作 一摘要一摘要 in the a
15、bstract 就一般而言，就一般而言， 理论上来讲理论上来讲abstract sth from sth 从某物中从某物中提炼提炼出某物出某物我们将从理论上来考虑这个问题。我们将从理论上来考虑这个问题。We will consider this problem _ _ _.将一本书做成一个摘要。将一本书做成一个摘要。Make _ _ of a book.橡胶是从树木提取的。橡胶是从树木提取的。 rubber is _ from trees.in the abstractan abstractabstracted2. faith n.信任，信赖，信心；信仰，信条信任，信赖，信心；信仰，信条1)信
16、念信念; 信任信任, 完全信赖完全信赖(+in) +that He always puts his faith in the future. 他对未来总是抱有信心。他对未来总是抱有信心。2)信仰信仰; 宗教信仰宗教信仰; 信条信条(+in) People of every faith attended the mayors funeral. 信仰不同宗教的人士出席了市长的葬礼。信仰不同宗教的人士出席了市长的葬礼。3. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the six
17、th century AD.The bank refused to help the company; consequently, it went bankrupt.She overslept and, consequently, she was late. It rained that day and _ the baseball game was called off. A. however B. still C. so D. consequentlyAs a result of her mothers illness, she left school.Her mother became
18、ill; _ she left school.consequently4. During the Renaissance, new ideas and values replaced those held in the Middle Ages.文艺复兴时期，新的观点和价值观取代文艺复兴时期，新的观点和价值观取代了中世纪人们坚持的观点和价值观。了中世纪人们坚持的观点和价值观。如果他不来的话如果他不来的话, 谁会替代他呢谁会替代他呢?Who will take the place of him if he doesnt come?Who will take his place if he does
19、nt come ?5. During the Middle Ages, the main aim of the painters was to represent religious themes.中世纪，画家们的主要目的是表达宗教主题。中世纪，画家们的主要目的是表达宗教主题。take aim at 瞄准瞄准 = aim atsth. be aimed at 旨在旨在; 目的在于目的在于; 针对针对with the aim of 有有的目的的目的without aim 无目的的无目的的, 胡乱地胡乱地这些措施旨在削减政府的开支。这些措施旨在削减政府的开支。These measures are
20、_ _ government costs.他没有瞄准就开枪。他没有瞄准就开枪。He fired _ _.他的人生没有目标。他的人生没有目标。He has_ _ in life.aimed atwithout aimno aim6. typical adj 典型的；有代表性的典型的；有代表性的 Eg: a typical British summer 典型的英国夏天典型的英国夏天typical + of 1)典型的典型的,有代表性的有代表性的This painting is typical of his early work.这幅画是他早期的代表作。这幅画是他早期的代表作。2) 特有的特有的,独
21、特的独特的;表现特征的表现特征的It was typical of him to be so merciless.只有他才会这么冷酷无情。只有他才会这么冷酷无情。1.In a _ display, colored streamers seem to race across the sky. 典型典型的一种现象是：彩色的光流划过天际的一种现象是：彩色的光流划过天际。2.This chair is _ of Anthonys way of designing furniture. 这把椅子是安东尼式家具设计的这把椅子是安东尼式家具设计的代表代表。typical typical 7. They pa
22、id famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions.他们雇请著名艺术家来画他们，他们雇请著名艺术家来画他们，及他们的住宅和其他的财产。及他们的住宅和其他的财产。possession 拥有拥有, 占有占有, 所有所有, 领土领土, 领地领地, 财产财产(常用复数常用复数) 富人富人个人财产个人财产他放弃了这房子的所有权。他放弃了这房子的所有权。a man of great possessionspersonal possessionsHe gave up _ of the house.Sb
23、in possession of 某人拥有某物某人拥有某物Sth.in the possession of sb 为某人拥有为某人拥有Sth.in ones possession possess v.他有两辆汽车。他有两辆汽车。 He possesses two cars. He is in possession of two cars. Two cars are in his possession.你是怎样得到它的你是怎样得到它的?How did you get ( take ) possession of it?8. When people first saw his paintings,
24、 they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. 人们初次看到他的作品，认为是通过人们初次看到他的作品，认为是通过在墙上的一个小孔看到了真实的场景。在墙上的一个小孔看到了真实的场景。convince vt. 使确信使确信 说服说服convince sb. of sth convince sb. to do sth.be convinced of sth我们说服她搭火车去。我们说服她搭火车去。We_ her_ by train.她试图使我们相信她的清白。她试图使我们相信她的清
25、白。She tried to _ her innocence. 我坚信她是清白无辜的我坚信她是清白无辜的.convincedto goconvinced us ofHe convinced me that I should study law.It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt.Everyone was convinced by his words.9. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to p
26、aint such realistic pictures. 如果没有发现如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。 本句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气。如果条件本句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气。如果条件从句中假设的情况不能实现，则是非真是从句中假设的情况不能实现，则是非真是条件句，要用虚拟语气。条件句，要用虚拟语气。If she were my daughter, I wouldnt let her stay out the whole night. 如果她是我的女如果她是我的女儿，我就不会让她整夜不归。儿，我就不会让她整夜不归。If I had had enoug
27、h money, I would have bought a DV before travelling. 如果那时我如果那时我有足够的钱，我会在旅行之前买一部数码有足够的钱，我会在旅行之前买一部数码摄像机的。摄像机的。10. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. 巧合的是，这一时期油画巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得画的颜色看颜料也得到了发展，使得画的颜色看上去更丰富，更
28、深沉。上去更丰富，更深沉。这是这是which 引导的，是定语从句，指的是引导的，是定语从句，指的是前面的句子前面的句子 oil paints were also developed at this time。类似的用法有：类似的用法有：His wife died, which made his life change greatly. 他妻子去世了，这使得他的生活他妻子去世了，这使得他的生活发生了巨大的变化。发生了巨大的变化。11. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the man
29、y great masterpieces for which this period is famous. 没有新的没有新的颜料和新的（绘画）手法，我们就不颜料和新的（绘画）手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。这里有这里有without引动的介词短语是一个引动的介词短语是一个暗含的非真实条件，逐句用虚拟语气暗含的非真实条件，逐句用虚拟语气we would not be able to see。类似的用。类似的用法有：法有：Without your help, he would not pass the test. 没有你的帮助，他就不能通没有你的帮助，
30、他就不能通过这次测试。过这次测试。12. In the late 19th, Europe changed a great deal = a good deal 大量的大量的; a great deal of = a good deal of 大量的大量的; He ate _for supper yesterday. He ran _ faster than me. She is _ better today.She has _ experience. I have _work to do.I was _surprised.13. Nowadays, there are modern art
31、styles. scores of 很多很多, 几十几十score 二十二十; (比赛比赛)的得分的得分足球比赛的比分是四比一。足球比赛的比分是四比一。The score in the football game was 4 - 1.七十岁七十岁, 古稀之年古稀之年六十人六十人许多年前许多年前我需要一打铅笔我需要一打铅笔. (二十只铅笔二十只铅笔)他买了三打啤酒他买了三打啤酒.我们去广州十几次了我们去广州十几次了.14. The painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead
32、 concentrates on certain qualities of the objects. The second question was so difficult that I didnt even attempt it. I attempted to speak but was told to keep quiet.She made an attempt to lock the door. 15. on the other hand (可是）可是） 另一方面另一方面 on the one hand 一方面一方面Eg:1) On the one hand, she taught E
33、nglish; on the other hand she learned Chinese. 她一方面教英语，一方面学习汉语。她一方面教英语，一方面学习汉语。2) On the one hand I admire his gifts, but on the other hand I distrust his judgment. 一方面我承认他有天分，而另一方面我却一方面我承认他有天分，而另一方面我却怀疑他的判断力。怀疑他的判断力。1) _, it may strike oil at a fairly high level. 另一方面，也可能在另一方面，也可能在相当相当浅的地方打出油来。浅的地方
34、打出油来。2) I know this job of mine isnt well paid, but_ I dont have to work long hours. 我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来讲我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来讲来说，我也不必工作太长时间。来说，我也不必工作太长时间。On the other handon the other hand预言预言;预料预料;预报预报+that +wh-He predicted that an earthquake was imminent.他他预言预言即将即将发生地震。发生地震。He predicted a good harv
35、est.他他预言预言丰收丰收I can predict something with great accuracy.我能很我能很准确准确地地预测预测某事。某事。16. predict vt.预言，预测，预告预言，预测，预告 2.Its hard to _ when it will happen. 很难很难预见预见这件事何时发生。这件事何时发生。1.The economists _ an increase in the rate of inflation. 经济学家经济学家预言预言通货膨胀通货膨胀率将会增长。率将会增长。predicted predictUseful structure ( 20
36、ms )The Subjunctive MoodThe Subjunctive MoodI. 概念概念:II. 形式形式: 虚拟语气的动词形式在条件状语从句中虚拟语气的动词形式在条件状语从句中, 其其 主从句形式有较固定的形式要求主从句形式有较固定的形式要求(见见III.用法用法1),在在 名词性从句名词性从句中多用中多用should +原形原形, 在在定语从句定语从句, wish后面所接的后面所接的宾语从句宾语从句, 以及其它以及其它状语从句状语从句 中用中用过去时过去时. 语气是用来表示谈话人的态度和看法的语气是用来表示谈话人的态度和看法的动动词形式词形式. 英语有三种语气英语有三种语气:
37、 陈述语气陈述语气(同陈述同陈述句句)祈使语气祈使语气(同祈使句同祈使句), 虚拟语气虚拟语气. 虚拟语气不表示一个事实虚拟语气不表示一个事实,而是表示一种假而是表示一种假设情况设情况.III. 用法用法:1. 用于用于条件状语从句条件状语从句中中:主从主从 句句构构 成成时态时态虚拟条件虚拟条件 从句从句主主 句句例例 句句 与现与现在事实在事实相反的相反的 假设假设 与过与过去事实去事实相反的相反的 假设假设If + 主语主语 + 动词过动词过去时去时 (be用用 were)主语主语 + would/ should/could/ might + 动词动词原形原形 If I had time
38、, I would attend the meeting.If + 主语主语 + had +过去分词过去分词主语主语 + would/ should/could/ might + have+ 过去分词过去分词 If you had taken my advice, youd have passed the exam.主从主从 句句构构 成成虚拟条件虚拟条件 从句从句主主 句句例例 句句 与将与将来情况来情况相反的相反的 假设假设If + 主语主语 + 动词的过动词的过去时去时 If + 主语主语 + were to + 动词原形动词原形 If + 主语主语 + should + 动词原形动词原
39、形主语主语 + would/ should/could/ might + 动词原形动词原形If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next week.时态时态Practice:I. Fill in the blanks with proper forms:1. He _ (te
40、ll) you if he _ (know), Im sure.2. If I _ (have) more time, I _ (learn) another foreign language.3. If he _ (be) here, he _ (show) us how to perform the experiment.4. If I _ (be) you, I _ (pay) more attention to English idioms.5. I _ (help) you if I _ (can).6. If I _ (receive) your e-mail, I _ _ (an
41、swer) it long ago.would tellknewhadwould learnwerewerecouldwould showwould paywould helphad receivedwouldhave answered7. If you _ (start) the work earlier, you _ (finish) it by now.8. If we _ (not rely) on our own streng-th we _ (die) of starvation.9. If I _ (know) your address, I _ _(write) to you
42、then.10. If I _ (not be) busy, I _ (come) to help.11. If we _ (start) out five minutes later, we _ (miss) the train.12. You _ (meet) the famous scientist if you _ (come) yesterday.had startedwould have finishedhadnt reliedwould have diedhad knownhadnt beenwould have missedwouldwould have comehad sta
43、rtedhad comewould have methave written13. If I _ (tell) him, he _ (be) greatly surprised.14. If I _ (do) it, I _ probably _ (do) it in the same way.15. If he _ (be) here tomorrow, you _ (ask) him about it yourself.16. We _ (be) very pleased if you _ _ (attend) the gathering tonight.17. I _ (ask) him
44、 to ring you up if I _ (see) him.18. If you _ (can get) back next week, we _ (go) camping together.were to tellwould bewouldwere / should bewerewould askcould askwould beto attendsaw / should see / were to seecould getwould gowere to dodo2. 用于名词性从句中用于名词性从句中:1) 1) 用于主语从句中用于主语从句中: :(1)用在用在 It is sugge
45、sted / requested / demanded ordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted + that 从句中从句中, 从句用从句用 (should) + 动词原形动词原形: eg: Its suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. It was ordered that the wounded soldiers be sent to the field hospital at once.(2)用在用在 It is necessary / important /
46、 strange / odd / natural / surprising / essential / best / appropriate / shocking / sad / regrettable / a pity / a shame / no wonder / has been decided /+ that 从句中从句中, 从句用从句用 (should) + 动动 词原形词原形 : eg: It is necessary that the customs of all national minorities be respected. It is strange that he sh
47、ould have said so. Its a pity that I should do it again. It is a great pity that he should be so careless. It is not surprising that Alfred should have married Amy. 但但(2)部分也可不用虚拟语气部分也可不用虚拟语气: eg: It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.2) 用于宾语从句中用于宾语
48、从句中:(1)在在wish后用动词后用动词(情态动词情态动词)的过去时的过去时,进行时进行时,如如果与过去事实相反果与过去事实相反,动词用过去完成时动词用过去完成时: eg. How I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky! I wish I had not made so many mistakes in the last exam. How I wish it werent raining now!(2)在在would rather后用过去时后用过去时: eg. Id rather you came tomorrow.(3)
49、在在advise, demand, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest后用后用should + 动词原形动词原形, should可可以省略以省略: eg. He suggested we (should) start off early the next day. We insisted they not be present at such gathering. He ordered that all (should) take part in the work. They requested that we (should)
50、have lunch with them.但是但是: 当当suggest表示表示“暗示暗示,表明表明” insist表示表示“坚坚 持认为持认为”时时,不用虚拟语气不用虚拟语气: eg. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.3) 用于表语从句中用于表语从句中:(1) 在在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的表语从句