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1、一、单词拼写一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义，或英语解释根据读音、词性和词义，或英语解释写出下列单词。写出下列单词。1. _ di vut vi. & vt. give wholely or completely to2. _ kn din n. 条件；状况条件；状况3. _ welfe n. 福利（事业）福利（事业）4. _ kmpein n. 运动；战役运动；战役 vi. 参参加运动加运动5. _ w: wail adj. 值得做的值得做的devote conditionwelfarecampaignworthwhile6. _ institju:t n. a society forme
2、d for a special purpose7. _ nest n. 巢；窝巢；窝8. _ ris pekt vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重尊敬；尊重9. _ ent teinmnt n. 款待；娱款待；娱乐乐10. _ in spai vt. 鼓舞；感动鼓舞；感动institutenestrespectentertainmentinspire11. _ 5B:ju:vi. & vt. to disagree in words12. _ s p:t vt. & n. 支持；拥护支持；拥护13. _ straik vt. & vi. 打击；打动打击；打动 n. 罢工罢工14. _ :tikl n
3、. 文章；论文文章；论文15. _ reit n. 比率；速度比率；速度16. _ iks plein vt. make sth. clear by speaking or writingarguesupportstrikearticlerateexplain17. _ medikl adj. 医学的医学的18. _ di liv vt. 递送的递送的19. _ mdist adj. 谦虚的；适度的谦虚的；适度的20. _ kmju:ni kein n. the activity of expressing ideas and feelingscommunicationmedicaldeliv
4、ermodest二、单词运用二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。一个恰当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1. The book is _ (intend) for children.2. She devoted _ to her career, but her son devoted much time to _ (play) computer games.3. To help children _ (mean) helping yourself.4. There was story af
5、ter story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired _ a days work, went late at night to deliver _ baby to a poor family who could not pay her.5. We have decided to take no _ (far) action. intendedherself playing means after a further 6. The first question was difficult, but the rest _ pretty easy.7. The patients i
6、n hospital were _ (observe) over a period of several months.8. It was hard work and determination as well as her good nature _ had got her into medical school.9. Mr. Lin is a much loved and highly _ (respect) teacher.10. I can never repay your many _ (kind) to me.were observed that respected kindnes
7、ses 三、词语派生三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1. It was a remarkable _ for such a young teacher. (achieve)2. His _ towards me was becoming more and more aggressive. (behave)3. Poor people can only afford the most basic _ treatment. (medicine)4. She is always polite and _ towards her employees. (con
8、sideration)5. He is one of Hilarys staunchest _. (support) achievement behaviour/behavior medicalconsiderate supporters 6. The suspect is being kept under _. (observe)7. This is an _ and disappointing campaign. (inspire)8. We promise to _ within 48 hours. (delivery)9. Betty spoke _ to them. (kindnes
9、s)10. She is a _ in Japanese history. (special)observation uninspiring deliver kindly specialist 四、介词填空四、介词填空在下列空格处填入一个适当的介词。在下列空格处填入一个适当的介词。1. Tom looks down _ anyone who hasnt had a college education.2. Dolphins use sound to communicate _ each other.3. Mary cared _ her father all through his long
10、illness.4. The nurses had decided to dress _ clowns for Halloween.5. Students worked _ pairs on the project.inupon/ onwithforas五、词组互译五、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。1. _ 心中暗想；自言自语心中暗想；自言自语2. _ 获得博士学位获得博士学位3. _走失；离散走失；离散4. _ 比比差；次于差；次于5. _ 蔑视；瞧不起蔑视；瞧不起6. _ 女扮男装女扮男装7. _ 与与交流交流8. _ 为为而战而战9. _ 成对
11、；成双成对；成双10. _ 据理力争据理力争say to oneselfgain a doctors degreewander offsecond tolook down upon/on dress as a man in pairs communicate with fight for argue for11. deliver a baby _12. work out _13. mean (doing) sth. _14. choose to do _15. set up _16. carry on _17. be determined to do _18. inspire sb. to (
12、do) sth. _19. rather than _20. care for _继续进行继续进行接生接生算出算出意味着（做）某事意味着（做）某事宁愿；偏要宁愿；偏要建立建立下决心去做下决心去做 激励某人去做某事激励某人去做某事而不是而不是 照顾照顾 六、词组运用六、词组运用 翻译填空翻译填空 根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选一个恰当根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选一个恰当的词组完成句子。的词组完成句子。1. 那孩子走散后迷路了。那孩子走散后迷路了。 The child _ and got lost.2. 新协议意味着要人接受更低的工资。新协议意味着要人接受更低的工资。 The new agreeme
13、nt _ lower wages.3. 我决心解开这个秘密。我决心解开这个秘密。 I _ this mystery.4. 朱莉亚的舞技不亚于任何人。朱莉亚的舞技不亚于任何人。 As a dancer, Julia is _ none.5. 去年我的父母决意在美国定居。去年我的父母决意在美国定居。 My parents _ in America last year. wandered off means accepting am determined to solve second to chose to settle 6. 昨晚这个小孩由一名经验丰富的医生接生。昨晚这个小孩由一名经验丰富的医生
14、接生。 The baby _ a skilled doctor last night.7. 我们用互动表演来激励孩子们快乐地阅读。我们用互动表演来激励孩子们快乐地阅读。 We use interactive displays to _ for pleasure.8. 昨天工人们据理力争罢工权利。昨天工人们据理力争罢工权利。 Yesterday the workers _ the right to strike.9. 我不停地对自己说我不应该做这事。我不停地对自己说我不应该做这事。 I keep _ that I shouldnt do it.10. 你干吗非得自己干，而不请人帮忙？你干吗非得自
15、己干，而不请人帮忙？ Why didnt you ask for help, _ trying to do it on your own?was delivered by inspire children to read argued for saying to myself rather than 1. She concerned herself with welfare projects. 关心；关怀关心；关怀 We must concern ourselves with current affairs. 我们必须关心时事。我们必须关心时事。Language points2. Jane h
16、as studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. behave (well/ badly) to /towards sb. behaved badlylearn to behave(1) vi. to act; bear oneself 行为行为, 举止举止, 举止适当或有礼举止适当或有礼她表现出了很大的勇气她表现出了很大的勇气.She behaved with great courage.他对顾客的态度不好他对顾客的
17、态度不好.He _ to (towards) the customers.你应该学会举止得体你应该学会举止得体You should _.(2) vt. (oneself) in a socially accepted or polite way 举止适当或有礼举止适当或有礼 Please behave (yourselves), children. (3) vi. (of things) to act in a particular way (指事物指事物) 有某种作用有某种作用 我的摄像机自从修好后一直很正常。我的摄像机自从修好后一直很正常。My camera _ since it was
18、repaired.has been behaving wellbehaviour n.Their behaviour towards me shows that they dont like me.She was ashamed of her childs behaviour.3. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our. 观察黑猩猩一家如何醒来是我们观察黑猩猩一家如何醒来是我们.动名词作主语动名词作主语主语是由不定式、动名词、从句构成的，主语是由不定式、动名词、从句构成的，谓语动词采用单数。谓语动词采用单数。 Working with you i
19、s pleasant. Seeing is believing. 4. This means going back to a place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. 由定语从句修饰的由定语从句修饰的place做做go的宾语的宾语。 leave+宾语宾语+doing 让某人做某事让某人做某事 eg: They went off and left me sitting there all by myself.5. the evening makes it all worthwhile.be worthw
20、hile doing / to do a worthwhile experiment/job.The experiment is worthwhile.It is worthwhile to do the job. /doing the job.Nursing is a very worthwhile career.well worth reading.The book is _ = It is worthwhile to read the book.Compare: be worth ( doing) sth. be worthy of being done / sth be worthy
21、to be done6. in the tree in the tree 指树本身以外的事物或人指树本身以外的事物或人 附着在树上附着在树上, 如鸟等动物；如鸟等动物； on the tree 指树本身生长出来的东西指树本身生长出来的东西, 如果如果实实, 花等。花等。7. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 1) spend 你暑假怎么打发你暑假怎么打发? How will _?you spend your summer holiday他把钱都花光了。他把钱都花光了。He has spent all
22、his money.spend sth (on sth)/ (in) doing sth用用(钱钱);花花(钱钱)他将全部积蓄花在一辆新车上。他将全部积蓄花在一辆新车上。He spent all his savings on a new car. spend pay cost take 花费花费sb spend on sth in (doing) sthsb pay some money for sthsth cost sb some moneyIt takes sb to do sthHe _ about a third of his salary indrinking.She _ 3000
23、 dollars for the dress.The DVD _ her 150 yuan.It _ him ten days to finished the work.spent paid cost took2) observe(1) vi.&vt. to notice/ watch carefully 观察注意到。观察注意到。 observe + n./pron./ sb. doing/do sth that-cl 这位科学家一生都在观察星星。这位科学家一生都在观察星星。The scientist has observed the stars all his life.I observed
24、 a stranger go/going into the office.They _ the train until it disappeared in the distance.A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observedB8. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 将将only及其后面的状语提前放在句首及其后面的状语提前放在句首,句子要用部分倒装语序，即将句子要用部分倒装语序，即将be动词
25、、动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。only+状语状语“+部分倒装部分倒装只有这样，我们才能学好英语。只有这样，我们才能学好英语。Only in this way_.到那时我才意识到我的错误。到那时我才意识到我的错误。Only then_.did I realize my mistakescan we learn English better但但Only +主语时不倒装主语时不倒装 只有你了解我。只有你了解我。Only you_understand me.1. 只有当你明白我的意思了只有当你明白我的意思了, 你才能认识到你才能认识到你的错误你的错误. 2. 只有
26、当战争结束之后只有当战争结束之后,他才重新回来工作他才重新回来工作.3. 只有用这种方法只有用这种方法,我们才能按时完成任务我们才能按时完成任务.Only when you understand what I mean, can you realize your mistake.Only after the war was over did he come back to work.Only in this way can we finish the task in time. only在句首修饰句子的主语时，在句首修饰句子的主语时，不用倒装语序。不用倒装语序。 Only Mary and T
27、om failed in the exam.9. her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. 1). I cant work out the meaning of the poem. （理解，说出）（理解，说出）2). Things have worked out badly.3). Work out his income.4). Work out a plan.( (发展，进行发展，进行) )( (算出）算出）( (制定，拟订制定，拟订) )10. the rest of 它之后可以接不可
28、数名词或可数名词，但要它之后可以接不可数名词或可数名词，但要注意含义注意含义, 以便决定后面动词的单复数形式。以便决定后面动词的单复数形式。 e.g The rest of the money was given to his son. The rest of the apple was thrown away. The rest of the apples were sent to the nursing home.11. argue (vi.) +with sb. about/over sth. 同某人辩论某事同某人辩论某事 他们正在和同学争论这个问题的解决方法他们正在和同学争论这个问题的
29、解决方法. They are arguing with their classmates about the solution to the problem.他们正在争执战争是否正当。他们正在争执战争是否正当。They are arguing with each other about the justice of the war.argue (vt.) + n. /clause(从句从句)/sb. to be我们据理力争我们应该得到更高的薪水。我们据理力争我们应该得到更高的薪水。We argued that we should be paid more.他花钱的方式说明他很富有。他花钱的方式
30、说明他很富有。The way he spends money argues him to be rich.argue for / against为为而辩护而辩护/为反为反对对而辩论而辩论工人们为争取罢工的权力而辩论。工人们为争取罢工的权力而辩论。The workers argued for the right to strike.那个有名的律师将为这个穷人辩护那个有名的律师将为这个穷人辩护.That famous lawyer will argue for the poor man.一些人为反对自由贸易辩论。一些人为反对自由贸易辩论。 Some people argue against fre
31、e trade.12. inspire sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事鼓励某人做某事 His speech inspired us greatly. The teacher inspired us to make greater efforts. The memory of his childhood inspired his first novel.inspire 促成促成;赋予灵感赋予灵感inspired 有灵感的有灵感的inspiring 激励人心的激励人心的Exercises1. 值得下工夫去学习一门外语。值得下工夫去学习一门外语。 Its _ a foreign language
32、. 2. 她很感兴趣地观察他的行动。她很感兴趣地观察他的行动。 She _ his actions with interest.worthwhile to learnobserved3. 老师的表扬鼓励了全班同学。老师的表扬鼓励了全班同学。 The teachers praise _ the class. 4. 你应该自食其力。你应该自食其力。 You should _ yourself.inspiredsupportLanguage points for Reading II1. research n./ v. (in, into, on ) They are doing some rese
33、arch into/ on the effects of brain damage. Will they publish the results of their research / researches? 他们将会发表己自的研究成果吗？他们将会发表己自的研究成果吗？Im researching in Chinese history.Language pointsThey are doing research on the effects of cigarette smoking.do some research ( on / for)2. It was a small book expla
34、ining how to . explain后接名词、代词、从句、后接名词、代词、从句、wh-+to do作宾语。作宾语。 He explained to us how to use the computer.explain不能跟双宾语结构不能跟双宾语结构, 不能说不能说explain sb. sth. 而只能说而只能说explain sth. to sb.或或explain to sb. sth.2. catch sbs eye 引起引起(某人某人)注目注目 When I entered his new house, a beautiful picture caught my eye.3.
35、intend vt/n.1). What do you intend to do /doing next? 2). He intends no harm. 3). Our dictionary is intended for/as the students.be intended for “为为而准备而准备, 预定预定”intend to do /doing sth. “打算做打算做”4. as well asas well后接后接as, 边接两个同类项边接两个同类项, 表示表示“不但不但, 而且而且, 和跟和跟”等意思等意思, 强调强调as well前面的人或事物。前面的人或事物。He ca
36、me as well as his brother. 不仅他哥哥来了不仅他哥哥来了, 而且他也来了。而且他也来了。5. deliver a baby for a poor family deliver a baby: to help a woman to give birth to a baby 接生接生be delivered of a baby: 生孩子生孩子She was delivered of a healthy boy.她生下一个健康的男孩儿。她生下一个健康的男孩儿。6. devote oneself / sth. to sb / sth.把把献给献给 他一生促进世界和平的发展。他
37、一生促进世界和平的发展。 He devoted his life to promoting/ the promotion of the world peace.刘胡兰把生命奉献给了祖国。刘胡兰把生命奉献给了祖国。 Liu Hulan devoted her life to our country.他所有的余闲都花在学英语上。他所有的余闲都花在学英语上。 He devotes all his spare time to learning English.7. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her go
38、od work? Why not do sth 用来提出意见用来提出意见,解释为解释为“为什么不为什么不” e.g Why not ask her?carry on (with) sth.carry on doing sth.解释为解释为“进行进行继续进行继续进行”e.g Carry on with your work while Im away. Carry on working while Im away.Grammar语法详解：语法详解： 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间之间, ,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式
39、。着谓语动词对应的形式。The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the following exercises:Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of th
40、em _ (know) how to teach English. knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _ (know) how to teach English.are knows/know主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1) He and I _both students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。我和他都是这个学校的学生。如果
41、指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候候,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。语法一致原则语法一致原则(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同同一个人或物一个人或物, 或者指或者指同一概念同一概念的时候的时候, 谓语要用谓语要用单数单数。 The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。 isis2. 如果主
42、语是不定式如果主语是不定式, 动词动词ing形式或主语形式或主语从句的时候从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做的事情看起来很重要。他正在做的事情看起来很重要。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。收集邮票是他的爱好。3. 定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。称和数保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us
43、. Tom, who is your friend, should help you.4. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：而变化。例如：The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老师和他老师和他的学生们正在街道上
44、植树。的学生们正在街道上植树。1. either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主在句子中连接主语的时候或者在语的时候或者在there be句型中句型中,谓语谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。动词要和就近的主语保持一致。就近原则就近原则Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holid
45、ay. 概念一致原则概念一致原则 所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却但在意义上却是单数。是单数。1. 不定代词不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂
46、了。All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。 不定代词不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。 are isNone of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱。没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there. 没有学生在那里。没有学生在那里。 is is2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候在句子中加名词作主语
47、的时候,谓语谓语动词与动词与of后面的名词保持一致。后面的名词保持一致。Half of the students _finished theircomposition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的苹果坏了。一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys. 我们学校我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生大约百分之六十的学生是男生.haveisare3. 集合名词作主语集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数动词可用单数, 也可也可以用复数。主要
48、由句子的意思决定。以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。His family _going out. 他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。His family _all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。集合名词作主语集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数动词可用单数, 也可以用复也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定
49、。数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。is are 4. 某些名词如某些名词如people, police, cattle等等,形形式上是单数式上是单数, 但意义上是复数但意义上是复数, 谓语动谓语动词应用复数。词应用复数。people指指“民族民族”时是时是例外。例外。 The police are searching for a thief. Th
50、e cattle are eating grass on the hill.5. 复合不定代词作主语复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单谓语动词要用单数，如数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。有人找你。Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。在屋子里什么也没找到。6. 某些名词如某些名词如clo