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1、英 语阅读理解 1命题原则(1)考查学生在阅读中准确捕获信息的能力。这就要求考生通过阅读短文，运用自己所学的语法、词组、短语等方面的语言知识，根据自己的理解，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用说明主旨和大意的事实和情节，迅速找出题目后面的正确选项。(2)要求学生既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；既理解文章的表层意思，也理解文章的深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等“弦外之音”。(3)要求学生既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。(4)要求学生既能根据材料提供的信息去理解，也能结合自己应有的常识去理解。2试题特点阅读理解题要求学生根据材料的内容从四个(或三个)选项中选出
2、最佳答案，主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析能力和判断能力，是一种综合性很强的题型。 3阅读材料的选取特点(1)阅读文章不少于两篇，一般是三至四篇，分值不少于30分，一般是3040分，是中考试题中的重头戏。(2)题材广泛，涉及科普、社会、政治、经济、文化、历史、习俗、故事等各个方面。(3)体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文。近年来的中考英语阅读理解多选用一些富有鲜明时代特征、实用性强的语言材料作为试题的素材，如报刊文章、使用说明书、招贴告示、广告以及各类图表等等。预计2015年中考会加大对学生阅读理解能力的考查，阅读材料的体裁会更加全面，包含常见的各种文体，题材会呈现多样化，更加丰富多
3、彩，贴近生活和社会话题，为学生所感兴趣；在设题方面会加大对考生理解能力和推测能力的考查。 1阅读全文，捕捉信息。阅读理解的主旨是要求考生仔细阅读全文，掌握其大意，了解作者的观点和写作意图，故事的起因、时间、地点以及结局。2注意首句，抓住中心。俗话说：“眼睛是心灵的窗户”，那么一篇文章的眼睛应是题目，而中考阅读是不给文章题目的。这给考生快速了解全文的中心增加了难度，在这种情况下，考生应特别注意首段和每一自然段的首句以及结尾句。这样一来就抓住了中心，为正确答题打下了良好的基础。3优选排除，确定答案。阅读理解题备选答案有三个是干扰项。我们可先排除语法、词法上明显有错误的选项，再排除与短文内容不符的选
4、项，剩下的就是应选答案了，在这个过程中要仔细鉴别，对比各选项的区别。4复读全文，检查答案。考生应把短文中考查的信息归纳一遍，再次阅读，检查答案，看看是否前后一致，是否符合逻辑推理，有错及时纠正。 【体验中考】一、记叙篇A(2014，重庆)Rachel Carson was born in the USA on May 27, 1907.Her mother, Maria Carson, had been a schoolteacher.She loved books.She also loved nature.She showed Rachel the beauty of nature.She
5、 also taught Rachel a deep love for books.As a quiet child, Rachel liked to read and write stories.At a very early age, she decided she wanted to be a writer some day.Her story first appeared in a childrens magazine when she was ten years old.Her first book, Under the Sea Wind came out in 1941.In 19
6、48, Miss Carson began working on another book, The Sea Around Us.She always researched carefully when she wrote.She collected information from more than one thousand places to write The Sea Around Us.When the book came out in 1951, it won the National Book Award.It was No.1 on the best seller list f
7、or more than a year.The Sea Around Us made Rachel Carson famous.Rachel Carsons most famous book, Silent Spring came out in 1962.In this book, she pointed out that the use of some kinds of pesticides (杀虫剂) like DDT would cause the number of birds to decline because it would kill them as well.Finally,
8、 in November 1969, the United States government decided that the use of DDT must stop in two years.Rachel Carson has been regarded as a great environmentalist (环保主义者) and writer.She will be remembered by the world. 1Rachel Carson had a deep love for nature and books because of _B_.Aher father Bher m
9、otherCher schoolteacher Dher brother2Rachel decided that she wanted to be a writer when _A_.Ashe was very young Bshe was in collegeCshe became a teacher Dshe became famous3The Chinese meaning of the word “decline” in this passage is probably “ _B_”A增加 B减少 C维持 D翻番4Which of the following is NOT true a
10、ccording to the passage？_D_ARachel Carson was a careful and serious writer.BThe Sea Around Us won the National Book Award.CIn Silent Spring Rachel said some pesticides were bad for the environment.DThe use of DDT was stopped as soon as the book Silent Spring came out. B(2014，咸宁)Decide to Do WellEver
11、ybody makes decisions in daily life.They can be as important as what you will do in the future or as simple as what you will eat for breakfast.Any decision could be the turning point of your life.I made an important decision when I was in Junior 3.Before I made that decision I was one of the boys wh
12、o tried too hard to act as an adult.I didnt know that only kids want to show themselves as adults.I didnt listen to my parents and teachers, and my grades became poor.Then came the high school entrance exam.At the turning point of my life, my mom wanted to have a conversation with me.I wanted to tur
13、n it down but when I looked at her eyes, I felt I couldnt refuse.Instead of asking me to study hard, to my surprise, Mom just asked what I wanted to do in the future.Without thinking too much, I just said I would like to study hard.Mom smiled and asked again：“I asked：what do you WANT to do？”I never
14、seriously thought about the question.So, I kept silent.“Whether you want to go on studying or enter the society，” she went on, “it is your own decision.Your life ought to be decided by you, not by anyone else, including me.” After saying that, she had tears in her eyes. For the first time in my life
15、 I was asked to make my own decision.I sat in my chair and thought about myself, my life and what kind of person I wanted to become.It took me what seemed to be ages to make the biggest decision so far in my lifeI wanted to be a man who makes a difference in the world.To achieve that, I needed to st
16、udy hard.The path to my future became clear to me.I didnt act rebelliously(叛逆地) any more.With passion (激情) in my heart, I studied hard.Now, Im 17 and Im in one of the best schools in my city, in one of the best classes at the school and I am one of the best students in the class.Thanks to that decis
17、ion, I have become what I am today. 1When did the writer make the important decision? _D_AAfter he was 17 years old. BAfter he was in one of the best classes.CWhen he was a pupil. DWhen he was studying in Junior 3.2What was the writer like before the decision? _A_AHis grades became poor. BHe tried t
18、oo hard not to act as an adult.CHe was one of the top students in his class.DHe did what his teachers and his parents asked him to do.3How did the writer make the decision？_C_AIt was easy for him to make the decision. BIt was his second time to make the decision.CHe made the decision seriously. DIt
19、was his mother that made the decision for him.4Why did the writer make the decision？_B_ABecause his teacher talked with him patiently.BBecause he didnt want to act rebelliously any more.CBecause his mother asked him to study hard as usual.DBecause his father asked him to think about his future by hi
20、mself.5Which of the following is TRUE？_A_AThe writer made the decision that he should work hard.BIt took the writer several years to make the decision.CAfter hearing his mothers words, the writer had tears in his eyes.DAt the turning point of his life, the writer wanted to have a conversation with h
21、is mother. C(2014，杭州)1Ive been working as a professional clown for nearly two years.Before that, I was an actor for nine years.I was never famous, but I was quite successful! I changed jobs because I wanted to do more in life than make people laugh.What if I could help people, too?As a clown, I try
22、to encourage sick children in hospital to laugh and smile.When you laugh, your mind and body relax.Clearly, people who laugh more dont have as many colds or other problems! Children who laugh a lot often get better results in their studies, too.It isnt an easy job.Not all sick children get better, a
23、nd sometimes I come home and cry.But I always go back to work the next day with my red nose on.I dont earn much money as a clown, but I feel very lucky to work with such brave, wonderful patients. 2I became a laughter yoga(瑜伽)teacher more than two years ago.Before that, I was a dentist! My job was v
24、ery difficult, and I used to feel fed_upNow I still improve peoples health, but everything else is completely different.Everyone has fun in a laughter yoga class, including the teacher!No, laughter isnt “magic”It doesnt prevent all illness, keep you young, or make you beautiful.But did you know that
25、 isnt an excellent kind of exercise? You move your whole body when you laugh!Sometimes I worked with famous people.Its true that being rich can be stressful! Some famous people can be unpleasant at times, but I try to change their bad feelings.Laughter is excellent for people like musicians, artists
26、 and writers, because it helps people to be more creative. 1According to the passage, we can see that both writers_A_.Ahave changed their jobs Blike sports very muchCfeel unhappy at work Dare looking for jobs2The reason why the first writer take up the jobs as a clown is that_D_.Ahe has had a diseas
27、e for two years Bhe needs a much easier jobChe wants to be a successful man Dhe wishes to help people3The second writer mentions famous people in the passage to show that_B_.Athey are always rich Bthey have stress sometimesCthey like funny people Dthey are good at doing yoga4The underlined part “fed
28、 up” is closest in meaning to_D_.Ainterested BSatisfied Cdisappointed Dbored5It can be learned from the passage that both writers think of their jobs as_D_.Ahappy moments to learn from other peopleBgreat chances to make themselves well knownCrich experience of acting on the stageDgood ways of making
29、 people happy and healthy D(2014，连云港)Katherine Com male is an 11yearold girl from Pennsylvania.At the age of five she began raising money to buy nets for children in Africa to help stop the spread of malaria(疟疾)When she was five, Katherine learnt about malaria in Africa.She learnt that every 30 seco
30、nds a child died from this disease.She, also learnt that people wouldnt get that disease if they had enough bed nets.“I was really sad to learn that a child died every half a minute because of malaria.” Says Katherine, “I wanted to send nets right away, so thats what I did.”Fiveyearold Katherine mad
31、e presentations at churches and schools.She told students and others how important bed nets were for Africans.After people heard the presentations, many of them donated money.Katherine sent the money to NBN.NBN is an organization that sends bed nets to Africa.Besides, every holiday Katherine makes s
32、omething called “ net gift certificate” with the help of her friends and brothers.On each 10dollar certificate there is a message.It explains that a bed net would be sent to Africa.When more certificate orders come, Katherine gets help from students in her school.Katherine has helped to raise $200，0
33、00 for NBN.“It makes me proud to help African children.I wont stop working until everyone in Africa has a bed net.” says Katherine. 1Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？_B_AWhen Katherine was six, she began helping children in Africa.BKatherine learnt that two children died from
34、malaria one minute.CKatherine did a lot and helped to raise $ 20，000 for NBN.DKatherines parents helped her make “bed net gift certificate”2In Paragraph 4，“It” refers to“_D_”Aa 10dollar note Ba gift certificateCan organization Da message3From the passage we know Katherine did the following EXCEPT_D_
35、.Araising a great deal of money for NBNBgiving presentations at churches and schoolsCexplaining the importance of nets for AfricansDordering people to learn to use the nets well4It can be inferred from the passage that_A_.AKatherines work is very helpful and meaningfulBthe spread of malaria in Afric
36、a will be more seriousCevery child in Africa gets a net with Katherines help DKatherine has received much money from NBN 二、说明篇A(2014，丹东)Bookstores are second homes for readers.Although many people can now buy books online, many readers still like the feeling in bookstores.They can touch the books an
37、d smell the print.In China, there are many special bookstores.Sanlian Taofen Bookstore became the first 24hour bookstore in Beijing at the beginning of April.Popular Holdings in Shanghai is a filmthemed bookstore.It has film books and posters.Eslite Bookstore in Taiwan often has activities like talk
38、s with famous writers.At the same time, bookstores outside China can be very colorful, too.Scarthin Books is a small bookstore in the UK.It sells new and secondhand books.There are more than 100，000 books lying on the shelves of the stores 12 rooms.Barts Books in the US is a good place to enjoy the
39、sunshine while reading books.Its an outdoor bookstore.Bookshelves are on the street.When the store is closed, people can still buy books.They just put money into the doors coin box.Where can you find a caf， bar and bookstore in just one place? The answer is probably El Pendulo in Mexico.Books line(排
40、列成行) the walls of the store.On the second floor, visitors can order everyday meals in the caf and drinks from the bar.In order to keep cool, there are green plants and trees inside.Does it look like a park? 1_B_special bookstores inside China are mentioned(提到) in the passage.A2 B3 C5 D62Scarthin Boo
41、ks is _D_.Aa 24hour bookstore Ban outdoor bookstoreCin the US Dsmall3People can still buy books at_A_ when its closed.ABarts Books BPopular HoldingsCEslite Bookstore DEl Pendulo 4Readers can_B_at El Pendulo.Atalk with famous writersBorder mealsCenjoy the sunshineDbuy film posters 5There are _C_ insi
42、de El Pendulo in order to keep cool.A12 rooms BbookshelvesCgreen plants and trees Dcoin boxes B(2014，重庆)Why are your study habits different from those of your friends? Why do you seem to learn faster in some classes while more slowly in others? One reason you may not know is that people have differe
43、nt learning types.Scientists say there are three different learning types：Visual (视觉型), Auditory (听觉型) and Kinesthetic (动觉型)Visual learners learn best by seeing.If you seem to easily remember information from pictures, graphs (图表) and videos, you are probably a visual learner.Youre not good at copyi
44、ng down what the teacher says in class.Never mind.You can draw graphs or pictures instead, if you find that works better for you.Auditory learners learn best by hearing.If you seem to easily remember things by hearing them, then you are probably an auditory learner.You must listen carefully while th
45、e teacher is speaking because its the easiest way for you to learn.Sometimes you may find that taking notes stops you from listening carefully.After class, you can write down what you remember or borrow your friends notes to copy.Kinesthetic learners learn best by doing.If you seem to learn best by
46、working with your hands, you are probably a kinesthetic learner.Taking notes by writing can make you pay close attention to information as you receive it.Of course, you can learn best by making full use of labs or other class activities.Hope you learn better by knowing what your personal learning ty
47、pe is. 1There are _B_ different learning types according to the passage.Atwo Bthree Cfour Dfive2Jude can remember the words of the song quickly by listening to it once or twice.She might be a /an _A_ according to the passage.Aauditory learner Bvisual learnerCstrange learner Dusual learner3Kinestheti
48、c learners learn best by _D_.Aremembering information from videosBlistening to teachers in classCdrawing graphs or picturesDdoing things with their hands4The best title of this passage may be “_C_”AStudy Habits BWays to StudyCLearning Types DReasons to Learn C(2014，连云港)A recently study found peoples
49、 lives are made shorter in North China.It is showed the life expectancy(平均寿命) had been cut down by 5.5 years there.Researchers think that the heavy air pollution in China should be to blame(承担责任)Its really the truth.Our government has already done something.However, it doesnt seem to work so well.“A
50、ir pollution in China is doing harm to peoples health.The harm is much more serious than we can imagine，” said Chen Yuyu of Beijing University, one of researchers of this study.Dirty air brings serious problems in North China.In January this year, the air pollution was worse than that in other place