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1、英 语任务型阅读 1命题原则任务型阅读在近几年的中考试卷中频频出现，任务型阅读要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，去完成多项任务或问题，注重学生运用语言“做事”的能力，是考查学生运用所学英语知识解决实际问题的一种新题型，占中考总分值的10%左右。2考查题型任务型阅读的题型多样，主要有三种题型：填写表格型，回答问题型及综合任务型。预计2015年任务型阅读的题材和体裁也会多样化，材料更趋知识化、现代化和生活化，以突出实用性和时代性；在命题方面难度将略有提高，考查方式更加多变、全面，命题将从不同的角度出发，全面考查学生对知识的综合掌握能力以及完成各项任务的能力。 (一)填写表格型 填写表格型通常是先给出一段
2、阅读材料，根据材料所给的信息填写表格。此类题目通常难度不大，大部分信息都可以直接在材料中找到，因此考生只要通读材料，注意所填信息在原文中的出处，就不难完成任务。但是也有个别信息考生不可能直接在材料中找出，需要根据某些细节、线索或关键词语进行推理、归纳才能完成任务。填写时重在达意，并不一定要用短文中的原词。对于填表式阅读理解，关键在于分析图表中已存在的信息点，然后根据已给出的信息点寻找相应的信息。 【体验中考】A(2014，鄂州)Learn to relax. Overwork is the main reason why so many students feel tired and stre
3、ssed.Cut down some of the jobs you need to do each day so that you can only focus on the most important things.Leave time for activities that are relaxing and fun.This might mean reading a good book, listening to the music, going for a walk or taking a relaxing bath.Get a good nights sleep.Getting e
4、nough sleep will help you keep your body and mind in the best form.If you stay up late and need to get up early for school the next day, you may not be able to concentrate on the things you need to do.Exercise regularly and eat well.Dont rush through your meals.Eat less junk food or fast food.Eat he
5、althy food instead.Get to know pleasant people.Some people are optimistic, while others not.Choose optimistic people as your friends and spend more time with them and youll be as happy as them.Learn to be calm when you face any problem.Find out the best option from those that are in your mind.Knowin
6、g that you are able to solve problems is a good way to build up your selfconfidence.Have a happy attitude.Your attitude decides the way you see things.Is your cup half full or half empty? Learn to think more positively(积极地) about the difficulties you face. 根据短文内容，完成表格填空。 How to reduce stress 1.Relax
7、 yourself by cutting down your jobs and taking part in activities. Getting enough sleep will help you 2.concentrate on the things you need to do. Exercise regularly, eat well and choose 3.optimistic people as your friends. It is a good way to keep 4.calm when you face any problem. Keep an active 5.a
8、ttitude to the difficulties you face.B(2014，宜宾)Torch Day is also called the Fire Festival.It is an important shared traditional festival of the Yi people in China.Torch Day starts on 24th or 25th of the 6th month in lunar calendar and lasts for 3 days.Why do they celebrate that festival? Here is a s
9、tory about it.Three thousand years ago in August, the Yi people had a sports competition.After that, the strongest, cleverest and kindest man was chosen.His name was Zhige Arlon.And then he led the people to fight against the devil(魔鬼)One day he did something to the devil which caused the devil to f
10、eel he lost face.So the devil sent lots of locusts(蝗虫) to the area to destroy the farms.Then Zhige Arlon guided the Yi people to hold torches which would kill the locusts.And then all of the locusts were killed.Nowadays the Yi people still celebrate this festival, even though there are no locusts.Wh
11、en everybody holds the torches at night, the streets look like a fire dragon and the view is great.Lots of guests come to the area to enjoy the friendly Yi peoples festival. 根据短文内容，完成表格填空。 Torch DayTime24th to 26th/1.25th_to_27th of the 6th month in lunar calendar.The storyThe Yi people held a 2.spo
12、rts_competition 3，000 years ago.A young man called Zhige Arlon was chosen to be the leader to 3.fight_against the devil.Zhige Arlon did something to the devil and made him angry.The devil sent lots of locusts to the farms.The Yi people killed all of the locusts by 4.(using)_torches under the leaders
13、hip of Zhige Arlon.From then on, the Yi people began to celebrate this festival.NowadaysMany visitors go to enjoy 5.the_great_view and friendliness of the Yi people.C(2014，长沙)Some etiquette(礼仪)in modern lifeDo you often use a cellphone? Do you take the subway to school every day? These items make ou
14、r modern life easier.But do you know how we should behave properly while using them? The following suggestions might be helpful.For cellphone usersKeep your voice down when you make a phone call in public.Shouting on the phone may make others feel uncomfortable.And youd better not use it during an a
15、ppointment(约会)Stop sending messages or playing games with your cellphone at a dinner or a party.Its a good time to communicate(交流)with your family and friends.Dont make or answer a call while driving.It is not only very dangerous for both you and your passengers but also against the law.For subway p
16、assengersYou are supposed to wait in line while buying tickets and getting on the subway.Youre not allowed to eat, drink or smoke on the subway train.The smell and noise may trouble others.Its our duty to keep the train clean and tidy.Besides, smoking is bad for health. You cant take pets on the tra
17、in.As we all know, animals may spread diseases(传播疾病)and get the train dirty. Youd better not lie across the subway seats even if the train isnt crowded.Offering your seat to someone who needs it is regarded as good manners. Titles：Some etiquette in modern life Items(项目)DosDontsCellphonesusersKeep yo
18、ur 1voice down in publicDont send messages or play games at a dinner or a party.Dont make oranswer 2.a_call while driving.3.Subway_passengers Wait in line Keep the train 4.clean_and_tidy Offer your seat tosomeone who needs it.Dont eat, drink or smoke on the train.5.Dont_take_pets on the train.Dont l
19、ie across the subway seats.D(2014，吉林)Trees are greatly useful to man in three very important ways.The first important way is that they provide man with food, wood and other products.Trees provide not only man with food, but also many animals with food.Without trees many animals could not live on the
20、 earth.Its not easy for man to live on the earth, either.The second important way is that trees give us shade(阴凉处)On a hot summer day, people are looking forward to having a rest under the shade of a tree after they have walked a long way.You can imagine how important the shade of a tree is to man a
21、nd to animals.The third important way is that trees help to prevent drought(旱灾) and floods(水灾)However, in many parts of the world, man has not realized the third important way.They cut trees down in large numbers.There will be fewer trees in the future.People should protect trees, or they will find
22、that they have lost the best friends they had in the end. 根据短文内容填空，每空词数不限 Trees areuseful toman in 13/three important ways.Trees provide man with 2.food,_wood and other products.Trees give man shade on a 3hot summer day.Trees help to 4.stop/prevent drought and floods.If people dont protect trees, th
23、ey will find they have lost 5.the_best_friends they had.(二)回答问题型 此类阅读题目的问题多为特殊疑问句。问题的内容小到一个词的词义，大到概述故事的大意；可以提问一件事，也可以推断作者的意图，评价作品的内容。问题可以是单一问题，也可以是综合性问题或发挥性问题。做回答问题型的阅读理解需要把握一些细节事实，如who，when，where，which，what等事实。建议采用逆读查找法，即先看题目，通过题目了解文章大意，再看短文，有目的地突破细节。 【体验中考】A(2014，宜昌)Enjoying a green Christmas tree
24、 when youre traveling.We often travel during the holiday season，but my kids still want to Christmas tree.There are ways to enjoy a tree while even in a hotel!Decorate(装饰)a tree outdoors.Instead of carrying a Christmas tree on your travels，pack only some LED lights and a few cheap ornaments(装饰品)，and
25、find a tree outside your hotel to decorate.Were done this on trips where weve stayed in vacation homes.Make your ownfoundtree.Go on a nature walk outside your hotel，and collect treasures from nature such as wood sticks，green leaves and stones.Make a family project out of your finds into a special Ch
26、ristmas tree.Decorate with green，If you dont have enough room for a whole tree in your hotel room，but miss that green smell，buy greens from a Christmas tree farm and decorate with them.Youll have that smell without losing space in your room or your suitcases.No matter what you choose，dont forget to
27、recycle your tree after the new year.If you live in a rural area，Christmas tree recycling is easy：simply take your tree out into the woods and leave it there.It will become a natural habitat for small animals as it grows.If youre in a city，the trees will be collected and replanted in local parks. 根据
28、短文内容，回答下列问题。1What has caused the writer to prepare a Christmas tree while traveling?Because_the_writers_kids_want_a_Christmas_tree.2What is needed in decorating a Christmas tree?Some_LED_lights_and_ornaments. 3Where does an own found tree come from?The_nature./Outside_the_hotel./Wood_sticks，green_le
29、aves_and_stones.4How can you enjoy the green smell if your hotel room is small?Buy_greens_from_a_Christmas_tree_farm.5Whats the Chinese for the underlined sentence in the passage?如果你在城市，树将被回收并重新种植在当地的公园里 B(2014，龙岩)Should Shanghai bid for(申办) the Summer Olympics in 2028? Here are some peoples opinion
30、s.Some people said, “The games will improve Shanghais global influence and the city is powerful and must try to become a platform(平台) for major international dialogues.Shanghai has succeeded in holding the World Expo in 2010 and the city can also hold a successful Summer Olympics.” Others, however,
31、are not sure that its a good idea.They think the Olympics would be too expensive and the money could be better spent on other things.The 2008 Beijing Olympics brought much prestige(声望) to the city and to China, but its cost, over $40 million, was high and the Olympic site(场地) in the center of the ci
32、ty is now largely unused.Could Shanghai learn from Beijings experience and do it better?My answer is yes.As one American said, “A great city has to do great things.” Shanghai_is_a_great_city_and_is_not_afraid_of_facing_challengesHolding the 2028 Summer Olympics would prove that. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。1When
33、did Shanghai hold the World Expo?In_2010.2Why dont some people agree to bid for the 2028 Summer Olympics? (Because_)They_think_the_Olympics_would_be_too_expensive_and_the_money_could_be_better_spent_on_other_things.3How much did the 2008 Beijing Olympics cost?(It_cost)Over_$_40_million.4Does the wri
34、ter agree to Shanghais bidding?Yes，he/she_does.5请将划线句子翻译成汉语。上海是个大都市，勇于(不惧怕)面对(接受)挑战 C(2014，黑龙江东) A TV program has become popular in China recently.It has made people all over China become interested in writing Chinese characters(汉字)The increasing use of computers and smart phones has left most young
35、 people hardly able to write by hand.Many of them are even unable to remember the 10，000 characters used in daily life without electronic help.CCTV started the Chinese Character Dictation Competition to improve the populations handwriting skills.Contestants(参与者)on the show were school pupils, but it
36、 was found that 70% of adults in the audience(观众)were unable to remember how to write the word “chan chu”Because computers allow people to type characters simply by entering pinyin, they dont need to remember how to write them.“The keyboard age has had a big influence on the handwriting of Chinese c
37、haracters.”Guan Zhengwen, who designed and directed the show said.He added that he hoped to encourage people to keep it alive as an art form.Hao Mingjian, an editor of a magazine, putting his heart into Chinese characters, said，“Learning Chinese characters goes on throughout your life.If you stop us
38、ing them for a long time, it is very likely that you will forget them.” 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。1Are Chinese people interested in writing Chinese characters now?Yes，they_are.2What has left most young people hardly able to write by hand?The_increasing_use_of_computers_and_smart_phones.3Why did CCTV start the C
39、hinese Character Dictation Competition?Because_it/they_wanted_to_improve_the_populations_handwriting_skills./To_improve_the_populations_handwriting_skills.4How do computers allow people to type characters simply?By_entering_pinyin.5What can you learn from the passage?Its_important/necessary_to_have/
40、make/let_young_Chinese_know_the_importance_of_writing_Chinese_words./Computers_have_a_big_influence_on_the_handwriting_of_Chinese_characters. D(2014，重庆)Some time ago, an old businessman had a large store in Boston.He wanted a boy to work for him, and he put an advertisement in the newspapers.The nex
41、t morning, many boys came to the old mans office, asking for the job.There was a post (柱子) by his desk, and there was a nail (钉子) in it.He took a walking stick and said, “Everyone has three chances.If anyone can hit that nail on the head with this stick more than once, I will give him the job.” The
42、boys thought it was very easy.They all tried, but nobody could make it.So the old man said, “Im sorry I cant take any of you，” and they left.He kept the advertisement in the papers, and the next morning many more boys came, and among them he saw a thin boy who had been there the day before.The boy h
43、it the nail successfully for three times.The old man felt surprised and asked how he did that.“Yes，” said the boy, “ I failed yesterday, but I thought that if I kept on trying a while, I could do it.So I went home and practiced hitting a nail with a stick till I could do it, and I got up very early
44、this morning, and tried again.” The old man said, “You are the boy for me，” and gave him the job.Whatever the boy had to do, he tried to do his best.It was not very long before he became the best clerk in the store. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。1Did the thin boy get the job at last?Yes，he_did.2What did the old man
45、 have in Boston?A_large_store.3Where did the boy practice hitting a nail?At_home./In_his_home(三)综合任务型 综合任务型阅读理解一般是给出一篇短文，将短文中的若干处做标记，然后根据所标记的内容给出不同要求的阅读任务。要求学生通过阅读短文来完成这些阅读任务，从而考查学生的语言综合运用能力。做此类试题一定不能把所给的阅读任务从短文中割裂开来单独对待。一定要联系上下文，因为所给的任务中，比方说常常会有推测词义或是翻译句子等类型的任务，则一定要结合上下文，从上下文的关系中去联想和推测才能得到准确含义。此类型试
46、题一般形式多样，从各方面考查学生的语言运用能力。考生唯有平时多加训练，巩固自己的基础知识才可从容应对。 【体验中考】 A(2014，鄂州)Cellphones help us easily find people anywhere at any time.However, using c e l l p h o n e s t o o o f t e n m a y c a u s e c a n c e r . ( 1 ) Its_reported_that_people_who_used_a_cellphone_for_10_years_or_more_were_more_likely_t
47、o_get_brain_cancer.The suggestions below may help you reduce the risk(风险) of cancer：When using your cellphone, try to keep it away from your body as much as possible.Dont put it under your pillow(枕头) or on a bedside table when you sleep.When youre on the cellphone, use the speaker.In this way, you h
48、ave just 1/100 th of the contact with radiation you have when you hold (3) it to your ear.An earphone is also a good idea.Try to keep your conversations short.If you need to talk longer, use an ordinary phone instead.Change ears when youre using your cellphone.Before putting it to your ear, wait unt
49、il the person you are calling picks up the phone.Your phone gives out radiation when you talk or text, but not when youre listening or getting messages.(4) 多听和少说能降低癌症风险。Do not use your cellphone when the signal is weak or when moving at a high speed, for example in a car or train.At high speeds your
50、 phone is trying to pick up signals, and this increases the radiation it gives out. 阅读短文，按要求完成下面的任务。任务一将(1)处画线部分翻译成中文。1据报道，使用手机长达十年甚至更久的人更易可能得脑癌。任务二Where are you not supposed to put your cellphone when you sleep?2Under_your_pillow_or_on_a_beside_table.任务三写出(3)处“it”所指代的内容。3The/Your_cellphone.任务四将(4)处