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1、第 3 3 讲 完形填空完形填空是考查考生的阅读理解和语言运用能力的一种综合题型。它考查的知识面广，覆盖面大，综合性强，灵活性高。它题材广泛，包括社会生活、科学常识、风土人情、人文环境、传记故事等多个方面。完形填空主要考查学生运用英语基础知识的能力、上下文对照并捕捉关键词的能力、分析行文逻辑及文章的整体理解能力、结合语境分析推理的能力等。因此完形填空主要有以下特点：1信息词汇(或通常所说的“实词”名词、动词、形容词和副词等)比重大，考查单词在一定语境下的基本用法、习惯用法、常用搭配以及对其词义的记忆或其特定意义的理解和灵活运用。同时也有考查连词的题目，主要考查考生对于行文逻辑的把握及句子之间关
2、联性的理解。2文章结构严谨，层次分明，充分考查考生的语言运用能力和理解能力，以及上下文段落的衔接、逻辑思维与判断推理能力。3以单词、短语填空为主，通过词义辨析考查考生灵活运用语言知识的能力。其中，结合文章考查对词语用法的掌握主要涉及两个方面：词义辨析和惯用搭配，且词义辨析通常要放到一定的语境之中才能得出正确答案。4对知识和能力进行综合考查。1通读全文，领会大意。 完形填空所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，因此在做题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解文章大意，抓住重点，特别要留意文章首句和每段首句。切忌在没有把握文章大意之前就匆忙填写一遍或对空格一一选填。读全文时很重要的一点是要注意遇到不理解的词或句，只要不
3、影响理解全文，就不要管它。另外也不要读一句填一句，也就是孤立地做题，而是一定要结合全文。2联系上下文，综合分析。 在了解文章大意后，就可以联系上下文，进行综合分析、比较、判断，选出符合逻辑又合乎情理的选项。这一步有以下技巧可以运用。(1)紧扣内容，分析对比备选答案。 完形填空以短文的主题句为立足点，考生可从该句的时态、语气来推测全文的主要内容，从自己学过的词汇、习惯用语、固定搭配等方面入手。这里的词汇考查的是词义与词形的辨析，主要包括同义词、反义词、形近词。这里的固定搭配是指词与词之间的搭配，主要指动词和介词、动词和副词、形容词和介词等的搭配。考生可根据这些方面的内容来分析对比备选答案。例 1
4、(2014 年广东)Outside a shop he saw a homeless oldman who looked very 48 .Bill went to him and asked,“Whats wrong with you？”48.A. afraidCsickB. gladDangry解析此题四个答案都符合语法，但结合 下文 “Im hungry”，只有C 项 sick (不舒服的)符合语境。例 2(2014 年广东)After the waiter 50 the plate andthe cup, the old man said.50.A. sent outCgave bac
5、kBgot downDtook away解析本题主要考查动词短语辨析。send out 发送；getdown 下来；give back 给回；take away 拿走。根据上一句“The oldman finished the meal quickly”可知老人已经吃完食物，故服务员应该是把杯碟“拿走”，故选 D。(2)瞻前顾后，全文贯通。 一般来说，所选答案只有和上下文语境与语法结构都吻合的时候，才是正确答案。因此，考生必须注意上下文的对照，连贯思考。如果答案一时确定不下来，切记不要耽误太久，可暂放一边，待其他答案选好之后，再回过头来仔细推敲。 对于那些拿不定主意或未能选填的空白，不要仅局限
6、在与上下文的对照上，要把视野扩大到全文。有时一旦和整篇短文联系起来，就可豁然开朗，很容易选出正确答案。甚至有时往往为了使语篇相互衔接及文章的连贯，有些词会以原词或同义、近义词等形式重复出现在文章中，这时根据它们就可以消除考生心中的疑惑，确定答案。例 3 (2013 年广东)Just when he wanted to pay for the meal,the waiter came.Bill and the old man learned_54_ that thefood was free_55_ it was the birthday of the boss, and theywere th
7、e first customer (顾客) that day.54.A. in surpriseC. once again55.A. whenC. unlessB. as usualD. at firstB. untilD. because解析本题需要根据上下文语境来确定正确答案。由上文Bill wanted to pay for the meal 和下文 the food was free ，可知比尔和老人是什么样的表情，故此处应填一个表示吃惊的词，因此 54 题选 B。55 题空后面是原因，所以选 because (因为)。例 4(2012 年广东)“If anybody finds my
8、 purse and _47_it to me, Ill give half the money to him.”46A. getsC. pointsB. showsD. returns解析此题从倒数第二段最后一句“Maybe somebody willgive your purse back”中 “give back”这个近义词复现就可以确认此题应该选 returns(归还)。这就是根据上下文综合分析而得出答案。(3)运用逻辑关系，确定选项。有些题目空格前后两句可形成指代、列举、因果、对比、让步、补充、递进等逻辑关系，这时应根据上下文的逻辑关系并结合所给选项进行分析。当考查连词时常使用这种分
9、析方法。例 5(广东梅州)The waiter walked awayquickly.The man was very surprised and rather disappointed.Thenhe smiled _53_ the waiter returned with a very unhappy look onhis face.53.A. asC. soB. andD. though解析文章讲的是一家餐馆说它能做任何菜，一个人想要考查一下 ， 就故意点了一道很难做的 “a sandwich with two elephant ears”，所以当他看到waiter 带着不高兴的表情回来时
10、，他笑了。根据这样的逻辑，空格应该填“当时”，故选A。(4)运用背景及常识，解决问题。例 6The students had a look at their workbooks and their_ turned red at once.A.facesC.necksB.nosesD.hands根据常识解题，人们感到难为情时脸会变红，所以解析选A。3复查核对，验证答案。全部题目做完之后，要仔细检查核对。其方法是：将所选答案填到空白处，重读全文，把它作为一篇完整的阅读文章来通读，凡读起来别扭或答案无确切把握的地方分别记下来，然后将每个空白处与其相对应的四个答案逐一对照，务求一一过关，避免遗漏。同时
11、也要考虑时态语态、主谓一致、固定搭配等。另外，在平时的练习中，当完成一篇完形填空后对比答案时，要特别留意做错的题目，一定要找出错误的原因。找出错误的原因一方面可以检验并更牢固地掌握所学基础知识；另一方面也可帮助理解完形填空的出题规律，从而全面提高完形填空的应试能力。(一)2012 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试Bill, a thirteenyearold boy, thought he had grownup to be a man.But his parents told him, “You wont bea real man until you begin to _46_ helping o
12、thers.”One morning, his parents gave him some money to_47_ some milk for them.Outside a shop he saw a homelessold man who looked very _48_.Bill went to him and asked,“Whats wrong with you？” The old man answered, “Im hungry.I havent hadany food for two days.” All the thought of his parents words, Bil
13、l saidto the old man, “Lets go to the_49_.” When they got there, Bill asked the waiter tobring out bread and coffee to the old man.The old manfinished the meal quickly.After the waiter _50_ theplate and the cup, the old man said, “Sorry for givingyou so much _51_.Im fine now.Ill _52_ forget yourkind
14、ness! You are a very good young man.”Bill was_53_ when he heard this.Just when hewanted to pay for the meal, the waiter came.Bill and theold man learned _54_ that the food was free _55_ itwas the birthday of the boss, and they were the firstcustomers (顾客) that day.本文讲述了 13 岁的比尔认为自己已经长大，他父母告诉他如果他知道帮助
15、他人就说明他真正地长大了。一天他去买牛奶的路上遇到一个无家可归的人，他热心地带他去餐馆吃饭。()46.A. think aboutCgive upBdepend onD. go onAthink about 思考，考虑；depend on 依靠；give up放弃；go on 继续。一个人能“考虑到”帮助他人时，就意味着长大了。()47.A. lendCdrinkBbuyDborrowB 由上文的“gave him some money”可知父母是让比尔去“买”牛奶。()48.A. afraid CsickB. gladD. angryC根 据 下 文 的 “whats wrong with
16、you ？ ” 和 “Imhungry”可知这个老人感到不舒服，故选 sick。()49.A. bank ChospitalBlibraryDrestaurantD 因为老人感到“饥饿”，故比尔应该提议去“饭店”。()50.A. sent out Cgave backBgot downD. took awayDsend out 发送；get down 下来；give back 给回；takeaway 拿 走 。 根 据 上 一 句 “The old man finished the mealquickly”可知老人已经吃完食物，故服务员应该是把杯碟“拿走”，故选 D。()51.A.excuse
17、 CtroubleBadviceDdifficultyC 联系上下文可知此时老人是想说不好意思给比尔带来很多“麻烦”，故选 C。()52.A. neverCusuallyBalwaysD. sometimesA 对比尔的善举，老人“永远”不会忘记。()53.A. nervousCsorryBpleasedDshyB 听到老人说的那些感激的话，比尔应该是“很高兴”，故选 B。()54.A. in surpriseConce againB. as usualDat firstAin surprise 吃惊地；as usual 像往常一样；once again再一次；at first 起初。他们知道
18、这一餐是免费的，应该是感到“吃惊”，故选 A。()55.A. whenCunlessBuntilDbecauseD 下文讲的是原因，故选 D。(二) 2011 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试One day a poor man was traveling on horseback.Atnoon, he tied his horse to a tree and then_46_ to eatsomething.A few minutes later, a rich man came along andtied his horse to the same tree.“Please tie your h
19、orse to another tree,” said thepoor man.“My horse is wild.It will kill yours.”_47_ the rich man said, “I shall tie my horse asI like ！”He tied up his horse and had his lunchnearby.After a moment they heard a terrible _48_， thetwo horses were fighting.They went up to them, but it wastoo _49_.The rich
20、 mans horse was killed.“See what yourhorse has done！” cried the rich man.“You will have to_50_ it.” And he brought the poor man before Mr.Know.Mr.Know asked the poor man some questions.But he madeno _51_.At last Mr.Know said, “This man is dumb.Hecannot speak.”“Oh,” the rich man shouted _52_.“He can!
21、 He spoketo me when I met him.”“ Are you sure ？ ” asked Mr.Know. “ What did he_53_？”“He told me not to tie my horse to the same treebecause his horse was wild and would kill my horse.”“Oh，” said Mr.Know.“So he _54_ you.Then can youexpect to get money _55_ him？”The rich man said nothing and left sile
22、ntly.本文主要讲述了一个穷人和一个富人把马拴在同一棵树上，由于穷人的马比较凶悍，把富人的马杀死了，然后富人与穷人去找智者说理，穷人用智慧战胜富人的故事。()46.A. put downCsat downBset downDturned downC put down 放下；set down 记下，放下；sit down 坐下；turn down 调小。拴好马后富人应该是“坐下”吃午餐。()47.A. So CAndBButDThoughB由语境可知，这个穷人让富人把马拴到另一棵树上，但是这个富人不理会穷人的话。此处表示转折关系，故填 but。()48.A. songCbellBwordDno
23、iseD由下一句“the two horses were fighting”可知他们听到了一阵可怕的“吵闹声”。()49.A. lateChardBslowDquickA 由下一句可知富人的马已经死亡，故这时已经“太迟了”。()50.A. pay forCwait forBlook forDcare forApay for 赔偿；look for 寻找；wait for 等待；care for照顾。穷人的马致使富人的马死亡，故富人要求“赔偿”。()51.A. ideaCmoneyBmistakeDanswerD智者提出问题，而穷人没有“回答”。make an/noanswer 做出/没有回答。
24、()52.A. quietlyChappilyBangrilyDheavilyB根据空前的“shouted” 并结合语境，可知富人应该是“生气地”叫喊出来。()53.A. speakCtalkBtellDsayD speak 强调说话的动作，后接宾语时只能接某种语言；tell 意为“告诉”；talk 指“谈话”；say 强调说的内容，后面可以接宾语。句意为“他说了什么”，强调说话的内容，故选D。()54.A. helpedCwarnedBthankedDorderedC由上一段富人转述的内容可知穷人是在“警告，告诫”他，故选 C。()55.A. forCwithBfromDaboutB get
25、 sth.from sb.意为“从某人那里得到某物”，故选 B。(三)2010 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试One day a rich woman lost her purse with a lot of moneyin it.So she made a _46_， “If anybody finds my purseand _47_ it to me, Ill give half the money to him.”A poor man _48_ the purse near a shop.He sent itback to the woman, but the rich woman _49
26、_.“There wasan expensive ring in my purse besides money,” said thewoman, “I wont give you half the money in my purse untilyou return it to me.” “But Ive never seen an expensivering in _50_ purse,” said the man. They began to quarrel (争吵)The man became_51_ and took her to a judge (法官)_52_ the judgehe
27、ard what had happened to them, he said to the woman, “Imsure that you have lost a purse, and there is an expensivering in it.But there is _53_ a lot of money in thispurse.So I dont think its yours._54_ some time.Maybesomebody will give your purse back.”Then the judge _55_ to the man and said, “Take
28、thepurse home.If the owner doesnt come to get it back in twodays, it will be yours.”本文讲述了一位丢了钱包的女士在钱包被归还时不守承诺，反而要求归还钱包的穷人把原本钱包里没有的戒指还给她。穷人生气地把她带到了法官面前，法官最后用自己的智慧使这位女士自食其果。()46.A. face CpromiseBmistakeDconversationC根 据 后 一 句 她 说 的 话 “If anybody finds my purseand.Ill give half the money to him.” 可知这是她
29、做的承诺。make a promise 做出承诺。()47.A. gets CpointsBshowsDreturnsD女士丢了钱包，可推断她希望有人找到钱包并“还给”她。return 归还。()48.A. had CheardBknewDfoundD 联系上文“If anybody finds my purse”可知是这个穷人“发现、找到”了钱包。()49.A. kept her word Bchanged her mind Ctried her best Dpulled her downB 根据上文她的承诺和这里的转折连词 but，可判断出她“改变了主意”，即 changed ones m
30、ind 改变主意。()50.A. yourChisBherDmyA 钱包是这位女士的，所以这里应是 your purse。()51.A. sad CexcitedBangryDworriedB根据上句他们开始争吵可知，这个穷人应该是“生气”了。()52.A. Before CAfterBThoughDIfC 法官只有听完他们的陈述才能做出判断，所以用 after(在之后)。()53.A. only CnearlyBtrulyDreallyA根据下文“So I dont think its yours.”可推出法官是说这个钱包里“只有”钱没有戒指，以此推断钱包不是她的。()54.A. Wait forBListen to CLook after DTalk aboutA 既然上文法官推断说钱包不是她的，所以法官让她再“等”一段时间，或许有人会把她的钱包送回来。()55.A. ran CwentBcameDturnedD turned to the man 转向这个穷人。法官应是和谁说话头就转向谁，而不是“跑过去(ran)”、“来到(came)”或是“过去(went)”。