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1、语法系列语法系列 主语主语 (subject)-s谓语谓语 (predicate)-v宾语宾语 (object)-o定语定语 (attribute)-attrib状语状语 (adverbial)-adv补语补语 (complement)-c表语表语 (predicative)-p同位语同位语(Appositive)句子成分句子成分 主语主语:行为主体，句子描述的主体行为主体，句子描述的主体 谓语谓语: 主语发出的动作主语发出的动作 宾语宾语: 动作的承受者动作的承受者 定语定语:用来修饰名词、代词用来修饰名词、代词 状语状语:时间、地点、原因等时间、地点、原因等 表语表语:表示主语表示主语“是
2、什么是什么”“”“怎么样怎么样”句子成分句子成分 主语：主语：You beat him. 谓语谓语: You beat him. 宾语宾语: You beat him. 定语定语:You beat the bad boy. 状语状语:You beat him at home. 表语表语:He is bad./He is a boy. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语句子基本结构句子基本结构(5(5种种) )1 1) ) 主语主语+ +连系动词连系动词+ +表语表语( (S+L
3、+PS+L+P) ) He is a professor. He is a professor. 他是一位教授他是一位教授. . Revision系动词：系动词：1) be1) be， seem seem ，appearappear2) look2) look， sound sound ，tastetaste， smell smell， feel feel 3) get3) get， turn turn， grow grow ，becomebecome， go go4) stay4) stay， remain remain， keep keep， continue continue感官类变化类
4、维持类基本句型（基本句型（1）：主）：主+系系+表表 表语是说明主语的，如用来说明主语的表语是说明主语的，如用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，通常在身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，通常在系动词后。系动词后。1) My uncle is a professor.2) He looked tired.3) The basketball match is on.4) All the pupils are on the playground now.5) Our aim was to win more medals.6) His work is teaching French.7) The
5、 question is who can really repair the machines. 1) My uncle is a professor. 2) He looked tired. 3) The basketball match is on. 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. 5) Our aim was to win more medals. 6) His work is teaching French. 7) The question is who can really repair the machines.句子基本结构
6、句子基本结构(5(5种种) )2 2) ) 主语主语+ +谓语谓语( (S+VS+V) ) Day dawns. Day dawns. 天亮了天亮了. . 句子 (Sentence)1. 你应当努力学习。你应当努力学习。2. 她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。那天早上我们谈了很多。4. 会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。 You should study hard. She went home very late yesterday evening. That morning we talked a great deal. The meeting will la
7、st two hours. 句子基本结构句子基本结构(5(5种种) )3) 3) 主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +宾语宾语( (S+V+OS+V+O) ) She understands French. She understands French. 她懂法语她懂法语. . 句子 (Sentence) Translation1.昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。 2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3.这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。 4.他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。 I wrote a letter last night.I want to talk wi
8、th you this afternoon.He has read this book many times.They have carried out the plan successfully.句子基本结构句子基本结构(5(5种种) )4) 4) 主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +间接宾语间接宾语+ +直接宾语直接宾语( (S+V+IO+DOS+V+IO+DO) ) He told us the whole story. He told us the whole story. 他把全部经过告诉了我们他把全部经过告诉了我们. . 句子 (Sentence)翻译练习：翻译练习： 1. Johnson
9、 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3. Mary把钱包交给校长了把钱包交给校长了 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 5. 他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3.Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4.Would you please pass me
10、the dictionary? 5.He showed the ticket to the conductor. 句子基本结构句子基本结构(5(5种种) )5 ) 5 ) 主 语主 语 + + 谓 语谓 语 + + 宾 语宾 语 + + 宾 语 补 语宾 语 补 语( (S+V+O+CS+V+O+C) ) He found George intelligent He found George intelligent. . 他发现乔治很聪明他发现乔治很聪明. . 句子 (Sentence) Translation：1我们叫她我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实
11、的。 。 We call her Alice. All of us considered him honest.根据所学知识，分析句子结构1.They work hard. 主主 + + 谓谓2.The flower is dead. 主主 + + 系系 + + 表表3.Plants need water. 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 宾宾4.He gives me some seeds. 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 直宾直宾 + + 间宾间宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 宾宾 + + 宾补宾补6.Many an
12、imals live in trees. 主主 + + 谓谓7.He kept me a dictionary. 主主+ +谓谓+ +间接宾语间接宾语+ +直接宾语直接宾语8.Shall I leave you the camera? 主主+ +谓谓+ +间接宾语间接宾语+ +直接宾语直接宾语9. We find the book very interesting. 主主+ +谓谓+ +宾宾+ +宾补宾补10.My uncle bought me an e-dictionary. 主主+ +谓谓+ +间接宾语间接宾语+ +直宾直宾11.Singing makes me happy. 主主+ +
13、谓谓+ +宾宾+ +宾补宾补12.Daming calls his cat Mimi .主主+ +谓谓+ +宾宾+ +宾补宾补13.Youmustlistentoher. 主主+ +谓谓+ +宾宾14.Heisascientist. 主主+ +系系+ +表表基本句型（基本句型（6） “There be”句型句型此句型是表示哪儿有什么此句型是表示哪儿有什么be 与其后的主语在人称与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，如，现在有thereis/are过去有therewas/were将来有therewillbe/thereis/aregoingtobe
14、.现在已经有therehas/havebeen翻译练习：翻译练习： 1.今晚没有会。今晚没有会。 There isnt going to be a meeting tonight. 2. 这个村子过去只有一口井。这个村子过去只有一口井。 There was only a well in the village. 3. 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. 句子种类句子种类按句子的用途分 按句子的结构分陈述句疑问句祈使
15、句简单句并列句复合句感叹句1 1）简单句简单句：只有一个主语（或：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。谓语）。e.g. e.g. HeHe often often readsreads English in the English in the morning.morning.Tom and MikeTom and Mike are American are American boys.boys.She She likes drawinglikes drawing and often and often drawsdraws pictures for
16、 the wall pictures for the wall newspapers.newspapers.我们可以给句子的我们可以给句子的动词加上副词动词加上副词修饰，修饰，给给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给，给句子加上句子加上状语状语进行修饰等，以使整个句进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。He worked He worked hard all his lifehard all his life. ( . (划线部分在句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰
17、动词中作状语，修饰动词worked)worked)He is a school student He is a school student in No. 1 Middle in No. 1 Middle SchoolSchool. ( . (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词词student)student)并列句并列句用用分号分号或或并列连词并列连词把两个或几个简单句把两个或几个简单句连接起来的句子。连接起来的句子。并列句中的各简单句并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系是平行并列的关系。用分号：用
18、分号：We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.用并列连词（如用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等等）We fished all day, but we didnt catch a thing.句型句型：简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句简单句1 1、表示连接、表示连接两个同等概念两个同等概念，常用，常用and, and, not onlybut also, neithernor, thennot onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。等连接。e.g. e.g. The teachers name is Smi
19、th, and the students name is John.2 2、表示、表示选择选择，常用的连词有，常用的连词有or, or, eitheror, otherwiseeitheror, otherwise等。等。 e.g. e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3 3、表示、表示转折转折，常用的连词有，常用的连词有but, still, yet, but, still, yet, while, whenwhile, when等。等。e.g. e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he
20、had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4 4、表示、表示因果因果关系，常用的连词有关系，常用的连词有so, for, so, for, 等。等。e.g. e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired, so he went to be
21、d.1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The child didnt go out. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. The child didnt go out, because he was afraid of the dog.由一个由一个主句主句和一个或者一个以上和一个或者一个以上从句从句所所构成的句子构成的句子,中间用中间用从属连词从属连词连接。连接。主句是一个完整的句子主
22、句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句复合句 = = 主句主句 + +从属连词从属连词+ +从句；从句；复合句复合句从属连词从属连词+ +从句从句+ +主句主句复合句主要包含以下类型从句，包括复合句主要包含以下类型从句，包括名词性从句名词性从句（主语从（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）；句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）；定语从句和状定语从句和状语从句语从句等。等。： 1. 主语从句主语从句 2. 宾语从句宾语从句3. 表语从句表语从句 6. 同
23、位语从句同位语从句 4. 定语从句定语从句 5. 状语从句状语从句1.Having finished his homework,1.Having finished his homework, the boy the boy went on to help his mother.went on to help his mother.2. What he says doesnt suit what he does. 2. What he says doesnt suit what he does. (简单句简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子整个句子) (复合句复合句
24、包含两个名词性从句：包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；是一个主语从句；what he does 是一是一个宾语从句个宾语从句)3. We often study Chinese history on 3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.Friday afternoon.4. The boy who offered me his seat is 4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.called Tom.5. There is a cha
25、ir in this room, isnt 5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?there?简单句简单句复合句复合句简单句简单句9. Neither has he changed his mind, nor 9. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.will he do so.10. What he said at the meeting is very 10. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?important, isnt it?11. The farmer is showing the boy how to 11. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.plant a tree.12. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country 12. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.music.并列句并列句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句简单句简单句