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1、过去分词作状语 左歆2014.12.04_ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.(安徽安徽2013)A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having foundedFounded in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring chilrens love of art.found (v.): to buildAfter the school was founded in
2、 the early 20th century,过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。过去分词过去分词(past participles) 或过去或过去分词短语分词短语(past participial phrases) 作状语是英语中常见的语言现象，作状语是英语中常见的语言现象，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。方式或伴随情况等。 When it is seen from the hill, our school looks quite beautiful.Seen
3、from the hill, our school looks quite beautiful.Xingnan Middle School1.时间可在过去分词前加上连词可在过去分词前加上连词when, while等来等来强调时间强调时间概念概念。When you are lost in a forest, you should first calm yourself down.Dont speak until you are spoken to.When lostuntil spoken to1.时间Because he was brought up in the countryside, h
4、e is interested in biology. Brought up in the countryside, he is interested in biology.country2. 原因相当于相当于as, since, because引导的从句引导的从句, 这这类状语多放在句子前半部分。类状语多放在句子前半部分。Because Xiao Ming was praised by the teacher, he felt really proud of himself._, Xiao Ming.Because it is sung by many people, the song Li
5、ttle Apple is quite popular now._, the song Little Apple .Praised by the teacherSung by many people2. 原因If I am given another chance, I will tell the girl I love her.Given another chance, I will tell the girl I love her.Give me a chance !3.条件假设相当于if, unless引导的从句If it is heated into a high temperatur
6、e, water will change into vapor._, water will change into vapor.Heated into a high temperature3.条件watervaporAlthough my mother was persuaded to buy an iphone 6, she still doesnt know how to use it.Persuaded to buy an iphone 6, my mother still doesnt know how to use it.iphone4. 让步4. 让步让步相当于相当于though,
7、 although引导的从句。引导的从句。Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. Exhausted by the climbing, the old man was determined to get to the top of the hill. Though/Although he was laughed at by many people,Though/Although the old man was exhausted by the climbing, heJerry came into the room and he w
8、as followed by Tom.Jerry came into to room, followed by Tom.TomJerry5. 方式，伴随5. 方式、伴随The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.The teacher entered the classroom ,followed by a group of students.The teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students.The teacher
9、stood there, surrounded by the students.注意过去分词的逻辑主语和句子的主注意过去分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语必须保持一致，请体会下列例句：语必须保持一致，请体会下列例句：1)当被问及为什么会迟到时，她的脸涨得通红。 (1)Asked why she was late, her face went red. (2) Asked why she was late, she went red in the face. 2)小偷如果被抓，会受到警方的惩处。 (1) If caught, the police will punish the thief. (2) I
10、f caught, the thief will be punished by the police. When she was asked why she was late,When the thief was caught,_from the hill, thecitylookslikeabiggarden. 如果句子的主语和分词的逻辑主语是主动关系如果句子的主语和分词的逻辑主语是主动关系, , 用用_，句子的主语和分词的逻辑主语是被动关系，句子的主语和分词的逻辑主语是被动关系，用用_。现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词重难点辨析（一）：主语一致重难点辨析（一）：主语一致_ from the
11、 hill, you will find thecitylookslikeabiggarden. SeenSeeing1.从上面看从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。体育场好像一个鸟巢。 _ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. 2. A. Seeing B. Seen2. 从太空看从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。宇航员看不到长城。 _ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. SeenWhen _ London at night,
12、 youre a bit like in a dream.When _ at night, you make sure the visitor is really your friend.visitingvisited难点一难点一独立成分作状语不用考虑主动被动独立成分作状语不用考虑主动被动 有些分词作状语，其形式的选择有些分词作状语，其形式的选择 不不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。_ by the score, this group ranked first. (从从判断）判断）类似的独立成分还有：类似的独立成分还有：generally speaking, fra
13、nkly speaking, judging from/by, considering/taking into consideration, to tell you the truth, seeing, supposing, saving, assuming, admitting, given, provided/providing, compared with 等等。等等。Judging Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. Surprised at what had happened, Tom didnt kno
14、w what to do. 1，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。时不表被动而表主语的状态。lost (迷路迷路); seated (坐坐); hidden (躲躲); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于沉溺于); born (出身于出身于); dressed in (穿着穿着); 2，由某些动词后面加，由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具转化来的形容词也具有此用法。有此用法。如：如：frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。等。难点（二）：不表被动的特殊情况难点（二
15、）：不表被动的特殊情况重难点辨析（三）：重难点辨析（三）：过去分词过去分词(done)和现在分词完成被动式和现在分词完成被动式(having been done)的区别的区别1. Having finished the homework, Tom went out to play.2. Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.现在分词的完成被动式更强调分词动作明现在分词的完成被动式更强调分词动作明显显先于先于谓语动作完成。谓语动作完成。1. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in fro
16、nt of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose2. If _ the same treatment again, hes sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given3. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Founded B. It was founded C. Being founded D. FoundingPractice
17、makes perfect4. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared5. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given6. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook th
18、an a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed7. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited8. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given.9. The comp
19、uter center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened10. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written11. When _, the m
20、useum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 12. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 13. The researcher is so designed that once _ nothin
21、g can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun14. The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house, _ by his naughty boy.A.following, following B.followed,followedC. following, followed Dfollowed,following15. _, but he still could not understand it.A. Told many times
22、B. Having been told many timesC. He has been told many timesD. Though he had been told many times2011天津卷天津卷_ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated2011上海春招上海春招_ in 1955, Disneyland in California
23、is regarded by many as the original fun park. A. OpenedB. Having openedC. OpeningD. Being opened(2010) ._ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees . A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see(2010)._at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked