上海初中英语介词.docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上介词一 表示时间的介词1. at、on、in(1) at用于表示时间点at lunch、at night、at nine、at present、at the Lantern Festival(在元宵节)(2) on用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一天时,一律用on)on Monday、on Tuesday morning、on your birthday、on Augest 8,2008、on a fine morning、on the New Years Eve(在除夕)、on the morning of National Day(3) in用于表示月、

2、季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)in January、in the evening、in autumn、in 2016、in the 21st century、 注意点:在this、that、last、next、every等词前面不能加其他介词。 They went swimming last week. They had a bad harvest that year.(他们那年的收成很差)2. before、after(1) before 在之前既可以作为介词又可以作为连词Passengers must arrive at the airport two hours be

3、fore the departure time.介词He will call me before he leaves here.连词(2) after 在之后既可以作为介词又可以作为连词3. by、until/till(1) by 在前(时间);截止到by the end of、by six oclock、by then(到那时)、by the time + 从句例句:How many books had you read by the end of last year?Tom had left by the time l arrived.(by+一个过去的时间点,用过去完成时)(2) unt

4、il/till 直到为止(时间)They wont come back until/till the end of the year.(come瞬间动词,因此用否定式)Ill wait for him until/till he comes here.(wait是延续性动词,所以用肯定式)4. for、during、through(1) for 达之久(表示经过了多少时间)for 50 years、for 2 hours(2) during 在期间during the winter holidays、during the lesson、during the war(3) through 一直(

5、从开始到结束)They played the cards through the night.(他们打了一整夜的牌。) 注意:for和during的区别 for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词, during后绝对不能跟表数字的名字。5. from、since(1) from从(时间)起一般用fromto,如from eight to ten而单纯表示确切的“从几点开始”时用at,如The meeting started at eight.(2) since自从以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)since 表示时间时,一般只用于完成时的句子;since还可以作连词。I have

6、played the piano since 2006.The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he become a doctor. 连词,引导时间状语从句。6. in、within(1) in 过之后(未来时间)He will be back in five hours.(一般将来时)They said they would arrived here in a week.(过去将来时)(2) within 不超过的范围within 3 minutes、within the holiday、within a month二 表示场所、方向的介词表示场

7、所的介词:at、in、on、under、by、near、between、around、opposite等表示方向的介词:into、out of、along、across、through、up、down、past等1. at、in(1) at在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)at the school gate、at the bottom、at the end of(在末尾)、at home例句:Ill meet him at the Beijing railway station.(2) in在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)in Beijing、in the house、in the open air

8、例句:Hong Kong is a very crowded city in the south of China. 注意点:英语中有些词有没有定冠词the,意义区别很大 at table在进餐/at the table在桌旁 at hospital住院/at the table在医院里(工作)2. on、above、over、under、below(1) on (1)在上面(有接触面) on the desk、on the wall (2)在靠近的地方 on the right、on the river(2) above在上方(below的反义词)例句:Our plane flew abov

9、e the clous. The sun rose above the horizon.(3) over在正上方(under的反义词)例句:There is a light over Li Ming.(4) under在下面(正下方)under the table、under the jacket(5) below在下面(不一定是正下方)例句:A boat is below the bridge.3. near、by(1) near在附近;靠近near还可以修饰时间,如in the near future表示“在不久的将来”例句:Do you live near here?(2) by在旁边(

10、距离比near近)by the window、by me例句:The boy is standing by the window.4. between、among、around(1) between在两者之间例句:Our teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.(2) among在三者或更多的人或事物之中例句:There is a beautiful castle among the trees.(3) around环绕,在周围,在四周例句:We sat around the table. 5. in front of、behind、opposite(1

11、) in front of在的前面例句:There is a tree in front of the classroom.(2) behind在后面(in front of的反义词)例句:There is a cherry tree behind my house. (3) opposite在对面例句:Our school is opposite a university.6. in、into、out of、up(1) in在之内(用于表示静止的位置)in the classroom(2) into进入(表示有一定的运动方向)into表示有特定终点的运动方向,通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如g

12、o,comerun into the classroom(3) out of出来(表示有一定的运动方向)run out of the room(4) up向上,向高处例句:The children climbed up that tree.7. along、across、past、through(1) along沿着,沿着的边缘walk along the river(2) across横过,穿过,越过;在对面across the river、across the street(3) past经过,越过例句:The hospital is a kilometer past the post o

13、ffice.(4) through贯穿,通过例句:The sun shone through the clouds.8. to、for、from(1) to到达地点(目的地)或方向例句:How long does it take to get to the airport?(2) for向(表示目的地)for表示目的地时,一般是和固定动词搭配。leave for动身去、start for出发去(3) from从起(表示起点)例句:It takes about 30 min to get to the zoo from the bus stop on foot.三 其他介词1. with、in、

14、by(1) with(1)和在一起例句:Ill go to Beijing with my mum.(2)具有,带有例句:He is a handsome boy with large bright eyes.(3)用某种工具或方法with the help of例句:Lily cut her hand with a knife.(2) in表示用什么材料(如墨水、铅笔等),或用什么语言,或表示衣着、声调 特点write in black ink、speak in English、a girl in white(3) by通过手段/方法by bicycle、by airmail(航空邮件) 注

15、意点:搭乘交通工具用by时不加冠词或代词,如by plane,用in时加冠词或代词,如in the/a bus2. of、from(1) of(属于)的(表示种类或数量)a map of China、a cup of tea(2) from来自(某地、某人);以(时间或地点)开始例句:Im from Nanjing.I have got an email from my friend.We work from Monday to Friday.3. without、like、as(1) without没有(with的反义词)without your help(2) like像一样例句:Nanc

16、y is just like her mother.(3) as作为例句:They treat me like a hero. This room is tidy as usual.4. against、about(1) against反对;靠着例句:He is against this plan, The teacher is standing against the blackboard.(2) about(1)关于;各处;身旁例句:Tell me something about you. I have no money about me. (2)询问某人/某物的情况或提出建议 例句:Wh

17、at about your elder sister?四 介词短语1. 动词 + 介词(1) look for 找, 寻找(2) play with sth.玩(耍)(3) think of 想起,想到(4) hear from sb.收到某人的来信(5) talk about sth.谈论某事(6) talk to/with sb.和某人谈论(7) look at 注视(8) listen to 倾听(9) call on sb. 拜访某人(10) arrive at/in 到达(at小地方,in大地方)(11) take care of 照顾(12) wait for等待2. be动词 +

18、 形容词 + 介词(1) be kind to 对亲切(2) be good at 在做得好;擅长于(3) be late for 迟到(4) be afraid of 害怕(5) be sorry for sth. 为感到抱歉3. 介词 + 名词(1) at+名词at home at school at lastat present at first(2) on+名词on foot on time on a tripon fire on the train(3) for+名词for a while for oneself for example(4) in+名词in Enlish in time in class(5) by+名词by the way by mistake by oneselfby bus by the end of(6) 其他介词+名词after school of course with pleasure专心-专注-专业

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