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1、Proofreading &error correction 短文改错短文改错纵观近年高考英语短文改错题，老师都纵观近年高考英语短文改错题，老师都认为难度不大，然而每年高考中还是有认为难度不大，然而每年高考中还是有不少考生对此题深感头痛，得分不高，不少考生对此题深感头痛，得分不高，主要原因是：主要原因是： 一一 .考生的英语基础知识不扎实考生的英语基础知识不扎实.二二.考生缺乏对短文改错命题考生缺乏对短文改错命题 特点的了特点的了解和做题方法的总结解和做题方法的总结.如何突破高分瓶颈如何突破高分瓶颈A .专题分类突破专题分类突破 短文改错的错误类型虽然多种多样，但是归纳起来主要有以下8个方面：
2、2.2.名词名词数与格，数与格，冠词冠词的少用、多用和误用的少用、多用和误用7 代词代词指代不一致或代词使用不当指代不一致或代词使用不当1.1.动词动词的时态和语态的误用的时态和语态的误用 4.4.非谓语动词非谓语动词的误用的误用 8.8.形容词形容词和和副词副词的混用及其的混用及其比较级等比较级等的误用的误用 5 5 并列句中并列句中连词连词的误用的误用3 3 习惯用法，习惯用法，固定搭配固定搭配与与介词介词的误用的误用 6.6.主从复合句主从复合句连词连词的误用的误用1:动词的时态和语态的误用动词的时态和语态的误用 1. “Let me ring the bell for you. the
3、 old man stopped and say.said2. The bike outside my house is belonged to Tom .解析解析 : belong to 无被动无被动13年海南卷：年海南卷：Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without candles_drunk_2名词名词数与格数与格2006福建卷福建卷： If you have interests in it, reply to me soon. 2007陕西卷：陕西卷：Personally, I found most lesson rath
4、er uninteresting. .lessonsinterest2011海南卷：海南卷：When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. friends_1. When a child is five in England or Wales, his parents must send him to the school .2 After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened .解析：当表达解析：当表达“上学上学”或或“求学求学”时，时， school前面一般
5、不用冠词。前面一般不用冠词。 解析解析 : a-an冠词的误用，以元音音冠词的误用，以元音音标开头的词前应用标开头的词前应用an .冠词冠词的少用、多用和误用的少用、多用和误用 09年海南卷年海南卷 and they found me a comfortable one on second floor. the11年海南卷年海南卷 It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.luggage catch a sight of lose my heart in hurry in Sunday afternoon such many peo
6、pleaonso3 习惯用法，固定搭配与介词的误用习惯用法，固定搭配与介词的误用 (When a young man starts to earn his own living ,he can no longer expect others to pay his food . 解析解析: pay for sth.为固定结构。为固定结构。13 年辽宁卷年辽宁卷Every day, he spends too much time with his work .for_on介词的漏用，误用是很常见的改错题型介词的漏用，误用是很常见的改错题型 .4.非谓语动词的误用非谓语动词的误用这是考查最多的错误形
7、式之一。主要有这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现现在分词、过去分词，动名词在分词、过去分词，动名词和和不定式不定式错误。错误。1.Walked slowly along a street, Mr Smith saw a little boy trying to reach a doorbell that was too high for him. Walked -Walking 在句中作状语在句中作状语, 表主动表主动 .（11 年海南卷）年海南卷）I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang Zhou.buying(1
8、) I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.and常考的错误形式有：连词常考的错误形式有：连词but， and， or和和so的误用，多用或少用的误用，多用或少用5:关联词和平行结构的误用关联词和平行结构的误用2） 30 percent of girls would like to become teachers when only 5 percent of boys want to do this job.解析解析 : when
9、 - while 句中表达的是男句中表达的是男生和女生愿意当老师的人数的对比，因生和女生愿意当老师的人数的对比，因此用此用 while .13辽宁卷辽宁卷 With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night._2008年安徽卷年安徽卷 : She looked at me and started to laugh. “How are you laughing?”I asked.2007天津卷：天津卷：I was lucky enough to have a teacher which didnt
10、 take my bad grades as a judgement of my abilities, but who / thatWhy6、主从复合句连词主从复合句连词的误用的误用不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分作细致的分析分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。，才能找出用词不当的错误。7 7代词指代不一致或代词使用不当代词指代不一致或代词使用不当 1 I just smiled to me and thought , “What can I do ?”解析解析 me
11、- myself反身代词反身代词2.Tom and her parents are singing and dancing happilyhis_ 2. I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me . 解析解析 : “you sent to me ”是定语从句是定语从句, 关关系代词为系代词为that 和和which 作宾语可省作宾语可省.“it” 一词的不当使用一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中作形式主语包括用于从句中作形式主语或宾语或宾语).（12 年海南卷）年海南卷）I was ha
12、ppy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it.them_2007浙江卷：浙江卷：I got to the finishing line first. I won the race. I felt very proudly of myself. proudhappily8:形容词和副词的混用及其比较等级的误用形容词和副词的混用及其比较等级的误用修饰修饰名词名词；be等系动词后等系动词后用用形容词形容词修饰修饰动词，形容词，整个句子动词，形容词，整个句子用用副词副词(13 年海南高考年海
13、南高考)Interesting, it had a connection to the British porcelain industry.Interestingly2006福建卷：福建卷：We can hear birds singing happy all around. （12海南卷）海南卷）I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.解析解析 : little less根据题意根据题意：在幼年我学会了，我必须有更多的耐心和少点侵略性，因此要用比较级。 高考短文改错的短高考短文改
14、错的短文有文有1010处错误，每句处错误，每句中最多两处错误，错误涉及中最多两处错误，错误涉及语法错误语法错误和和逻辑错误逻辑错误，各，各种错误所占比种错误所占比例一般为：例一般为： 1：1：8删删 添添 错错临场应试技巧临场应试技巧:做短文改错时只要记住做短文改错时只要记住“三三歩歩”，“六原则和六原则和“四不改四不改”就就能提高得分率。能提高得分率。1.通读全文，掌握大意通读全文，掌握大意.2.逐句推敲，审查，改正错误逐句推敲，审查，改正错误 .3.复读全文，修订答案复读全文，修订答案.六原则：六原则：1.在有错句改动在有错句改动一词一词,每句最多只有每句最多只有两处两处错错误。误。2.改
15、变实词改变实词形式形式，一般不能将一个实词换成，一般不能将一个实词换成另一个实词另一个实词.3.最最小小限度地改变单词形式限度地改变单词形式.4.添加或删除虚词添加或删除虚词(如冠词，介词等如冠词，介词等).5.多改正，少添加或删除多改正，少添加或删除.6.最大限度地保持句子和短文原意最大限度地保持句子和短文原意.四不改：四不改：1.单词拼写不改单词拼写不改.2.大小写不改大小写不改.3.词序不改词序不改.4.标点符号不改标点符号不改.2.2.名词名词数与格，数与格，冠词冠词的少用、多用和误用的少用、多用和误用7 代词代词指代不一致或代词使用不当指代不一致或代词使用不当1.1.动词动词的时态和
16、语态的误用的时态和语态的误用 4.4.非谓语动词非谓语动词的误用的误用 8.8.形容词形容词和和副词副词的混用及其的混用及其比较级等比较级等的误用的误用 5 5 并列句中并列句中连词连词的误用的误用3 3 习惯用法，习惯用法，固定搭配固定搭配与与介词介词的误用的误用 6.6.主从复合句主从复合句连词连词的误用的误用平时学习应注意做到以下几点：平时学习应注意做到以下几点：1.广泛阅读，增强语感，提高语言知识运用的准广泛阅读，增强语感，提高语言知识运用的准确性确性.2.规范使用常用的词语和习语规范使用常用的词语和习语.3.训练敏锐的观察力，努力发现细微差错训练敏锐的观察力，努力发现细微差错.4.改
17、错训练和书面表达训练结合改错训练和书面表达训练结合.5.多接触正确的内容，练习改错时间应适量多接触正确的内容，练习改错时间应适量 .Finish the paper after class.At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! They put them in the corner of the sitting room. Kate was covered it with
18、a lot of Christmas light. The sitting room looked really beautifully at that moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmas tree lights were shinning brightly. Jim and his parents singing and dancing happily.高高考试题目链接考试题目链接Thispassageisabout_A.Jimsfamily.B.Christmaslights.C.How
19、JimsfamilydecoratedtheChristmastreeonChristmasEve.文章的基本时态为文章的基本时态为一般过去时一般过去时 At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! They put them in the corner of the sitting room. Kate was covered it with a lot of Christmas
20、 light. The sitting room looked really beautifully at that moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmas tree lights were shinning brightly. Jim and his parents singing and dancing happily.2006高考试题目链接高考试题目链接AtChristmasEve,JimwentwithhisfathertochooseaChristmastree.Theychoosea
21、bigone.Itwasalmostastallerastheroom!Theyputtheminthecornerofthesittingroom.Onchosetallit动词时态动词时态介词短语要介词短语要牢牢记记注意形注意形副比较级副比较级代词指代要一致代词指代要一致冠词连词冠词连词常光顾常光顾KatewascovereditwithalotofChristmaslight.Thesittingroomlookedreallybeautifullyatthemoment.Therewasafireburninginthefireplace,buttheChistmastreelight
22、swereshinningbrightly.Jimandherparentssinginganddancinghappily.lightsbeautifulandwere动词语态动词语态注注意形和副意形和副物主代词人称要一致物主代词人称要一致名名词单复数词单复数his谓语和非谓语误用谓语和非谓语误用OnChristmasEve,JimwentwithhisfathertochoseaChristmastree.Theychooseabigone.Itwasalmostastallastheroom!Theyputitinthecornerofthesittingroom.KatecovereditwithalotofChristmas lights. 2006高考试题目链接高考试题目链接The sitting room looked really beautiful at the moment. Therewas a fire burning in the fire place, and the Christmas tree lights were shinning brightly. Jim and his parents were singing and dancing happily.