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1、By the end of this class, students will be able to : 1.Identify the use and work out the rules of to-infinitives as subjects and predicatives; 2.Have an overview of the functions of to-infinitives and summarize the general rules of them. 3.Apply to-infinitives in different situations correctly and p
2、roperly.Which do you prefer, eating out or eating at home? Lead-inLead-inBelow is a blog entry about eating out and eating at home. Find the sentences that use to-infinitives as subjects or predicatives in the blog entry and fill in the table below. The first ones have been done for you.To-infinitiv
3、es as predicativesTo-infinitives as subjectsitbe不定式作主语时，常用形式主语的句型结构：不定式作主语时，常用形式主语的句型结构：1. It be 名词名词 to do sth. It is still a problem what we should do next.2. It takes sb. some time to do sth. It took me an hour my bike.3. It be adj. for sb. to do sth. 适用适用这个句型的形容词多修饰事物，例如这个句型的形容词多修饰事物，例如: difficu
4、lt, easy, hard, important, impossible,necesary等。等。 Its very dangerous for children the busy street.To-infinitives as subjects 不定式作主语时，常用形式主语的句型结构不定式作主语时，常用形式主语的句型结构：To-infinitives as subjects 4. Its adj. of sb. to do sth适用这个句型的形容词多为修饰人，例如适用这个句型的形容词多为修饰人，例如: careless, clever, foolish, honest, kind, l
5、azy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等。等。Its clever of you the maths problems.= You are clever to work out the maths problems.1. My goal is to enter my dream university.2. Whether we will succeed or not remains to be seen.不定式作表语，放在系动词不定式作表语，放在系动词 be, seem, remain, prove, turn out 等之后，通等之后，通常用来说明主语的具
6、体内容或性质常用来说明主语的具体内容或性质。常见用作主语的名词有。常见用作主语的名词有: aim, duty, dream, hope, idea, plan, ambition, purpose, task, job等表示目标、意向、等表示目标、意向、计划、任务的词。计划、任务的词。To-infinitives as predicatives Attention ：1.当主语部分有实义动词当主语部分有实义动词do或或do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略to. All I could do now is (to) keep silent.2. 不定式和动
7、名词都可以作表语不定式和动名词都可以作表语，但不定式作表语强调的是一次性的、具体的、将，但不定式作表语强调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作；动名词作表语强调的是一般性的，抽象的、经常发生的动作。要发生的动作；动名词作表语强调的是一般性的，抽象的、经常发生的动作。如下如下面两个句子：面两个句子： The mans job is to paint the walls. (表示一次性的事表示一次性的事) The mans job is painting the walls. (表示经常性的日常工作表示经常性的日常工作)3. 某些动词不定式与某些动词不定式与be动词连用时常用主动形式表被动意义动词
8、连用时常用主动形式表被动意义。如：。如： The house is to rent. Who is to blame for the accident?单句语法单句语法填空填空1. It was kind of you (give) me a helping hand.2. It is a great challenge (reduce) the industrial pollution in just two years.3. Officials believe that more than one person may be (blame) for the fire.4. It remai
9、ns (see) whether Jim is fit enough to play in the final.5. My deskmate showed no anxiety in face of the competition; she seemed (prepare) for it pretty well.to give to reduceto be seento have preparedto blame不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式作主语不定式作主语 (To-infinitives as subjects )(To-infinitives as adverbi
10、als )(To-infinitives as attributives) 不定式作宾补不定式作宾补(To-infinitives as object complements)不定式作表语不定式作表语 (To-infinitives as predicatives )The general use of to-infinitive 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语(To-infinitives as objects )Brief Overview To-infinitives as objects This company refused to cooperate with us.A. 跟在一些动词后
11、作宾语，如跟在一些动词后作宾语，如: afford, aim, promise, refuse, decide,manage, hope, expect等。等。 B. 当不定式（短语）在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平当不定式（短语）在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，衡，常用常用it作形式宾语作形式宾语，常见动词有常见动词有find, think, make, consider, feel, suppose等等。 He makes it a rule never to borrow money.We find it very important to learn English w
12、ell.To-infinitives as object complements复合句作宾补作宾补A. 表示表示“指示指示, 愿望愿望, 感觉感觉”等的动词等的动词 (短语短语)后常用不定式作宾语补足后常用不定式作宾语补足语，如语，如ask ，request ，invite ，force ，get ，beg ，wish ，want ，intend ，expect ，encourage ，advise，persuade ，instruct ，allow 等等词词。 B. 作宾语补足语不用作宾语补足语不用to的常见动词：一感的常见动词：一感(feel), 二听二听(listen to, hear)
13、, 三让三让(make, let, have), 四看四看(see, look at, watch, notice)。What caused her to give up her studies?I often see the old couple walk along the river bank.Mr Li explained it again, trying to make everyone understand the question. To-infinitives as attributives 不定式作定语时与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系不定式作定语时与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系 1. 主
14、谓关系主谓关系(subject-verb)Tom was the second person to survive in the earthquake.2. 动宾关系动宾关系(verb-object)Wise men speak because they have something to say; fools because they have to say something.3. 同位语关系同位语关系(apposition)The need to love and to be loved is universal.He doesnt have the ability to sing. T
15、o-infinitives as adverbials 1. 作目的状语作目的状语(可位于句首或句尾可位于句首或句尾)I went there to see my teacher.To solve the problem, we have to work together as a team.2. 作结果状语作结果状语(有时可表示意料之外的结果有时可表示意料之外的结果)The box was too heavy to move.He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.3. 作原因状语作原因状语He is sad to
16、 hear the bad news.Im honored to have the chance to share my experiences with you. Practice 1判断不定式在下列句子中作何成分判断不定式在下列句子中作何成分 1. To climb up the mountain is easy while to go down the hills is hard.2. It took years of work to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality(碳中和).3. I went to the annual earthquake
17、 workshop to learn some safety tips. 4. The authorities told the local people to stay inside when the typhoon arrived.5. They arrived at the airport only to find the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm.6. Things turned out to be much better than we had expected.7. Before we returned home,
18、 the flood damage needed to be repaired.8. This was the last city to be cleared of people before the volcano erupted._seems impossible.现在好像不可能存钱。现在好像不可能存钱。It s so nice_ 听到你的声音真高兴。听到你的声音真高兴。It s necessary _ when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。It was silly_我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了
19、他。_ to make a speech here.能在这儿做演讲是我极大的荣幸。能在这儿做演讲是我极大的荣幸。To save money nowto hear your voicefor you to lock the carof us to believe himIt is my great honourApplying the rulesPractice 2My task is _(show) you around our newly-built library.Her wish is _ (become) an engineer.The purpose of education is
20、_ (develop) a fine personality in children.What he hoped was_(admit) into the university.All that he could do was _ (comfort) her.to showto becometo developto be admitted(to) comfortApplying the rulesPractice 3Practice 4Rewrite the following sentences using to-infinitives according to the requiremen
21、ts in the brackets.P7 B1 The next dish to be prepared by the cook is Kung Pao Chicken.To prepare home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable./ It is easy and enjoyable to prepare home-cooked meals. Her dream is to open a restaurant some day.We will put the patatoes in the pot first to cook them quickly.I consider the Soup of the Day to be the best option on the menu.Below is a lifestyle magazine article. Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.P7 B2Locatedto seeto turnto sitpaintedrangingto inviteto be