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1、 定语从句在定语从句在考试说明考试说明里被列在语法项里被列在语法项目表主从复合句中，是学生必须掌握的一目表主从复合句中，是学生必须掌握的一个语法项目，是语言知识考查的一个重点个语法项目，是语言知识考查的一个重点内容。内容。考试说明考试说明的内容及要求的内容及要求近五年安徽高考考点分布及命题趋势近五年安徽高考考点分布及命题趋势 考点考点年份年份定语从句关系词定语从句关系词安徽五年高考安徽五年高考6 6全国全国 08081212各各 09091515地地 10101111高高 11111515考考 12121212合计合计6565从近五年安徽高考看，定语从句考查比较从近五年安徽高考看，定语从句考查
2、比较频繁，直接体现在单选题中。同时，在完频繁，直接体现在单选题中。同时，在完形和阅读文章中，往往会出现一些含有定形和阅读文章中，往往会出现一些含有定语从句的复杂句式。只有掌握并理解定语语从句的复杂句式。只有掌握并理解定语从句，才能读懂文章中的这些句子。另外，从句，才能读懂文章中的这些句子。另外，在书面表达中运用到的高级句式必然会涉在书面表达中运用到的高级句式必然会涉及定语从句。及定语从句。未来高考也会保持这种考查未来高考也会保持这种考查形式。形式。一轮复习中存在的问题一轮复习中存在的问题1 1，对于较复杂句式和较难的考点，比如，对于较复杂句式和较难的考点，比如wherewhere，asas等词
3、语的用法，往往容易犯错。等词语的用法，往往容易犯错。2 2，把定语从句与其他从句放一起考察时，不，把定语从句与其他从句放一起考察时，不能够正确分析从句类型，从而出现引导词能够正确分析从句类型，从而出现引导词选择错误。选择错误。3 3，在书面表达中，不能够很好地融入定语从，在书面表达中，不能够很好地融入定语从句。句。定语从句的基本概念定语从句的基本概念 基本结构基本结构?名词（先行词）名词（先行词） + 关系词关系词 + 句子句子（定语从句）（定语从句） 关系词的作用关系词的作用? 1.引导定语从句；引导定语从句； 2.代替先行词；代替先行词； 3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。在定语从句中担当一个
4、成分。 关系词包括哪些？在从句中可以做哪些成分？关系词包括哪些？在从句中可以做哪些成分？指人：指人：who, whom, that关系代词（主语，宾语，表语，定语）指物：关系代词（主语，宾语，表语，定语）指物：which, that 某人的某人的/某物的：某物的：whose 人或物：人或物：as 关系副词（状语）：关系副词（状语）：when, where, why，that教教 学学 重重 点点1.1. 区分关系代词和关系副词区分关系代词和关系副词2.2. “介词介词+ +关系词关系词”引导定语从句引导定语从句3.3. whosewhose的用法的用法4.4. 关系代词关系代词thatthat
5、和和whichwhich的比较的比较5.5. 关系代词关系代词thatthat和和whowho的比较的比较6.6. 关系代词关系代词asas的用法的用法7.7. 关系副词关系副词wherewhere的用法的用法8.8. 区分定语从句和其他句式区分定语从句和其他句式9.9. 特殊先行词特殊先行词wayway和和timetime后的关系词后的关系词考点一：关系代词和关系副词的区分考点一：关系代词和关系副词的区分Many people tend to buy things from big store, _ they believe the qualities are good.A.at which
6、 B. of which C. which D. whereB解题策略：解题策略： 1 1）看懂句意，分析句子结构，确定定语从句部分）看懂句意，分析句子结构，确定定语从句部分和先行词部分；和先行词部分； 2 2）分析从句并根据从句句义确定从句中所缺的成）分析从句并根据从句句义确定从句中所缺的成分，选出适合的关系词补全从句；分，选出适合的关系词补全从句； 3 3）还原从句，把先行词放入定语从句中，）还原从句，把先行词放入定语从句中，确定从确定从句结构及意义完整句结构及意义完整。1.According to the research, shoppers, _ purchased so much c
7、lothing, met the most problems.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whose2.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. whichC. whereD. whileCC1.Our psychology teacher seems unable to explain everything in a way _ makes sense to us.A. in whichB. of whic
8、hC. / D. that2.He flew to Paris two hours ago, _ he would stay for three days.A. thereB. whichC. whenD. where.3.Imettheteacherinthestreetyesterday_taughtmeEnglishthreeyearsago. A.whichB.when C.whereD.who 4. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. that B. whi
9、ch C. what D. whenDDDB考点二：考点二：1.介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whom/which) 如何确定如何确定“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构中的介词结构中的介词方法一：根据定语从句中谓语动词的需要来确定介词。方法一：根据定语从句中谓语动词的需要来确定介词。This is the dictionary _ which I spent 50 yuan. This is the dictionary _ which I paid 50 yuan. 方法二：根据定语从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。方法二：根据定语从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。I remember
10、the day _ which I joined the League.I remember the years _ which I stayed in the mountain village. 方法三：根据定语从句句意的需要来确定介词。方法三：根据定语从句句意的需要来确定介词。The gas _ which we cannot live is called oxygen.The gas _ which fire can burn much better is called oxygen.onforinonwithoutin（2)“介词关系代词介词关系代词”前可有前可有some, any,
11、none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词，等代词或者数词，有时数词或代有时数词或代词也可以放在词也可以放在“介词关系代词介词关系代词”之后。之后。He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.=He loved his parents deeply,_ are very kind to him. （3)介词介词which / whomto do结构结构I dont have enough money with which I can buy such an e
12、xpensive dress.=I dont have enough money _such an expensive dress. of whom bothwith which to buy（4)在非限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，which可作定语，形成可作定语，形成“介词介词which 名词名词”结构结构1.He was very ill, in _ case(and in _ case)we sent him to hospital first. 2.Mike was a student at the university from 1998 to 2004, during _
13、 time(and during _time) he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students Union. whichthis/ thatwhichthis/that考点三：考点三：whose的用法的用法1.whose既可以指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语1)Ancient Rome is a country whose culture influenced the western world for centuries.2)He has a friend, whose father is a doctor.2.whos
14、e 和of which/ of whom相等吗？The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.of which the door/ the door of which考点四：关系代词考点四：关系代词which和和that的区别：的区别： 1. 1. 必须用必须用thatthat而不用而不用whichwhich的情况？的情况？ 2. 2. 只能用只能用whichwhich而不用而不用thatthat的情况？的情况？先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing
15、,anything等。等。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。先行词被先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。等修饰。先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时修饰时先行词既有人又有物时先行词既有人又有物时当句中已有当句中已有which或或who时，为避免重复时，为避免重复Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the man that is talking to John?当先行词在主句中作表语，而
16、关系代词在从句中也作表语时当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用which，则另一个用，则另一个用that.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.主句是主句是there be 句型，修饰主语的定语从句用句型，修饰主语的定语从句用thatThere is a seat in the corne
17、r that is still available.1. 必须用必须用that而不用而不用which的情况的情况2.只能用只能用which的情况：的情况：1）非限制性定语从句）非限制性定语从句There are many factories in Yaohai District, whichproduce a lot of pollution.2. 介词介词+which（指物）（指物）This is the house in which Shakespeare once lived.3. 先行词本身就是先行词本身就是that时时Whats that which flashed in the s
18、ky just now?4. 指代主句内容时指代主句内容时He broke my cup, which made me angry.（注意：以上比较是在（注意：以上比较是在whichwhich和和thatthat之间的选择，之间的选择，不要误以为所有的关系词中非限制性定语从句只能用不要误以为所有的关系词中非限制性定语从句只能用whichwhich。）。）考点五：关系代词考点五：关系代词who和和that的比较的比较都可以指代人，但是以下情况只能用who:1）先行词是指人的不定代词，如：one, ones, anyone, no one, those ,all nobody ,anybody n
19、one等时. People all like those who have good manners.2）在there be 句型中 There are some people who want to have holidays abroad.考点六：考点六：as引导的定语从句：引导的定语从句： as所修饰的先行词有什么特点？ as指代主句内容时，与which有什么区别？先行词被先行词被such，so, the same 修饰时，关系词用修饰时，关系词用as。 I like the same book as you do.(as作宾语）作宾语） I shall do it in the sam
20、e way as you did.（as作状语）作状语） I want to have such a dictionary as he has.(as作宾语）作宾语）注意区分两种固定句式：注意区分两种固定句式：1. such/soas(定语从句定语从句)；such/sothat（状语从句）如（状语从句）如此此以至于以至于 This is such an easy question _ I can answer.This is such an easy question _ I can answer it.2. the sameas表示相似的东西，表示相似的东西，the samethat表示同一
21、表示同一人或物。人或物。 This is the same book _ he lent me last week.这和他上星期借给我的书一样。这和他上星期借给我的书一样。This is the same book _ he lent me last week.这是他上星期借给我的那本书。这是他上星期借给我的那本书。thatasasthat as引导非限定性定语从句,指代主句内容。 As we all know, he studies very hard.（as代表整个句子，作宾语） As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.
22、（as代表整个句子，作主语）常用的类似插入语的句式有：as is said above, as is already mentioned above,as is expected, as it often happens, as it is, as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper等等。关系代词which和as在定语从句中的区别是：（ 1 ） as 有“正如；就像”之意，而 which 没有；（ 2 ） as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首句中或句末，而 which 只能置于句末；（ 3 ）如果非限制性定语从句是否定句时，只能
23、用 which 引导。He came here very late, which was unexpected (not expected).He came here very late, as was expected.(as 具有预先性。)考点七：与强调句型及其他句型的混合考点七：与强调句型及其他句型的混合1).Theoldbuilding,behind_wasafamouschurch,was_weusedtowork. A.that,theplaceB.it,theplace C.which,whereD.what,where 2).It is the playground _ I p
24、icked up this wallet.A.which B.that C.from there D. where3).It is on the playground _ I picked up this wallet.A.which B.that C.from there D. whereCDB-where did you spend your holiday?- It was by the seaside _ there was beautiful sunshine and fresh air. A. whichB. that C. where D. 不填C考点八：对关系副词考点八：对关系
25、副词where的特殊考查的特殊考查1.当先行词为situation, case, stage, point，process，condition，position等,且关系词在定语从句中作状语，也要用关系副词where。1).They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.2).Icanthinkofmanycaseswhere studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldntwriteagoodessay. 2.from
26、where为介词+关系副词结构1)He found himself in an known land, from where he eventually reached Greenland.2)He stood near the window, from where he could see the whole garden.3.区分区分where在名词性从句和状语从句中的考查：在名词性从句和状语从句中的考查：That is where you are mistaken. Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.注意：这里的注意
27、：这里的where能不能换成能不能换成in which？1）.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.2).I can think of many cases _ you know nothing about.3).Put the book _ it was.4).We will see a case _ music could cure people.5）There is one point _ we must make clear at
28、 the conference tomorrow.答案：答案：1)where/ in which 2)which/ that/不填不填 3)where 4)where / in which 5) that/ which/不填不填考点九：其他词语对先行词的干扰考点九：其他词语对先行词的干扰1).she will never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. whereB. whichC. whenD. who解析：本题特别容易误选解析：本题特别容易误选A。此题的先
29、行词是。此题的先行词是her stay而不是而不是there，因为定语从句修饰名词而，因为定语从句修饰名词而there是副词。先行词和是副词。先行词和定语从句的关系为定语从句的关系为she found her lost son during her stay there.故答案为故答案为 C。2).I met Mr. Tompson during his stay in Beijing, _ he attended an important international conference there.A when B. whereC. in which D. which解析：定语从句部分已经
30、有地点解析：定语从句部分已经有地点there=in Beijing.故先行词应故先行词应为为his stay.答案为答案为A。考点十：定语从句与并列结构考点十：定语从句与并列结构1)He has two sons, neither of _looks like him. 2)He has two sons, and neither of _ looks like him. 3) Sean got the first place, _ made his parents happy.4) Sean got the first place, and _made his parents happy.A
31、. so B. which C. as D. thiswhomthemBD 当先行词是way且在定语从句中表示“用方式，方法”时，关系词有三种形式： What surprised me was the way in which/ that/ 不填 he said it. The way _he explained to us was quite simple. The way _he explained the sentence to us was quite simple. which/ that/ 不填不填in which/ that/ 不填不填2.time做先行词（time的意思有哪些？
32、）1）This is the second time _ the president has visited the country.2）I could hardly remember how many times _I have failed.3)There was a time _there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲在从句中做状语应用关系词that并且可以省略；time若为“一段时间”“代”讲在从句中做状语，应用关系词when或介词at/during+which。注意：Can you still remember the time _ we spent together in our childhood.when/ during whichthat/ 不填不填that/ 不填不填which/ that/ 不填不填书面表达中定语从句的使用 2011年安徽卷 某校英语报开辟了一个专栏：Experience.本期话题是如何解决学习中遇到的困难。请你以 My approach to Difficulties in Learning为题，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈自己的一些做法。