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1、英语美文：论人的天性 英语美文：论人的天性 摘要:天性经常是隐而不露的，有时能够压伏，而很少能完全熄灭的。压力之于天性，使它在压力减退之时更烈于前;但是习惯却真能变化气质，约束天性。 of Nature in Men Nature is often hidden; sometimes overcome; seldom extinguished. Force maketh nature moreviolent in me return: doctrine and discourse maketh nature less importune: but custom onlydoth alter a
2、nd subdue nature. He that seeketh victory over his nature, let him not set himselftoo great, nor too small tasks: for the first will make him dejected by often failings; and thesecond will make him a small proceeder, though by often prevailings. 论人的天性 天性经常是隐而不露的，有时能够压伏，而很少能完全熄灭的。压力之于天性，使它在压力减退之时更烈于前
3、;但是习惯却真能变化气质，约束天性。但凡想征服本人底天性的人，不要给本人设下过大或过小的工作;由于过大的工作将由于经常失败的原故而使他灰心;而过小的工作，固然能使他经常成功，但是将使他成为一个进步甚小的人。 And at the first, let him practise with helps, as swimmers do with bladders, or rushes: but aftera time, let him practise with disadvantages, as dancers do with thick shoes. For it breeds greatper
4、fection, if the practice be harder then the use. Where nature is mighty, and therefore thevictory hard, the degrees had need be; first to stay and arrest nature in time; like to him, thatwould say over the four and twenty letters, when he was angry: then to go less in quantity; asif one should, in f
5、orbearing wine, come from drinking healths, to a draught at a meal: andlastly, to discontinue altogether. But if a man have the fortitude, and resolution, toenfranchise himself at once, that is the best; optimus ille animi vindex, laedentia pectus vmculaqui rupit, dedoluitque semel. 还有，在起始的时候他应当用些帮助
6、的事务来练习，就好象学游泳的人用浮胞和苇筏一样;但是过了些时候以后，他应当与困难相搏以为练习，就好象舞蹈家之穿着厚鞋练习一样。由于，假设练习比实用还难，那么其结果就更为完美了。但凡天性甚强，因之不容易克制的地方，其克制的工夫就必须如此方可：第一，在时间方面要阻止天性，不要放纵，就好象有的人在生气的时候默诵24个字母底名字以抑怒气的一样;这段工夫做到了，然后在量底方面应该减少，就好象要戒酒的人，从引觞互祝减到每餐一饮一样;最后，才能够完全戒绝，但是假设一个人有那种毅力和决心，能够一举而解放本人，那是最好的：最能坚持灵魂底自由的人，就是那挣断磨胸的锁链，一举而永免受罪的人。 Neither is
7、the ancient rule amiss, to bend nature as a wand, to a contrary extreme, wherebyto set it right: understanding it, where the contrary extreme is no vice. 还有古人底遗训讲应当把天性屈到相反的另一极端去，好象一根杆杖似的，以便它再反过来的时候能够适中，这句话也是不错的;不过我们需要明白，此处所谓的另一极端当然要不是恶德才行。 Let not a man force a habit upon himself, with perpetual con
8、tinuance, but with someintermission. For both the pause reinforceth the new onset; and if a man that is not perfectbe ever in practice, he shall as well practise his errors, as his abilities; and induce one habit ofboth: and there is no means to help this, but by seasonable intermissions. 一个人不可强给本人加
9、上一种不断的继续的习惯，而应当稍有间歇。由于一则这种休息或间歇能够援助新的尝试;二则，假设一个德行不完全的人永远继续练习的话，他不仅练习了他底优点，连错误也一定要练习了，并且使优点与错误将同具一种习惯。这种情形，没有别的弥补之策，除了用合时的间歇和休止。 But let not a man trust his victory over his nature too far, for nature will lay buried a great time,and yet revive, upon the occasion or temptation. Like as it was with Ae
10、sop s damsel, turnedfrom a cat to a woman; who sat very demurely, at the board s end, till a mouse ran before her.Therefore let a man either avoid the occasion altogether, or put himself often to it, that he maybe little moved with it A man s nature is best perceived in privateness, for there is noa
11、ffectation; in passion, for that puttefh a man out of his precepts; and in a new case orexperiment, for there custom leaveth him. 但是一个人也不可过于相信他对于本人底天性底胜利，由于天性能够长期潜伏着，而到有了时机或诱惑的时候复活起来。就好象（伊索寓言）中的猫变的女子一样，她坐在餐桌底一头，坐得端端正正地，可是有一只小鼠在她面前跑过的时候，她就不如此了。因而一个人应当或者完全躲避这种时机，或者经常与这种时机接触，以便少被牵动。人底天性在私生活里最易看出，由于在那种生
12、活里是没有虚饰的;在热情里也最易看出，由于热情使人把平日的教训忘了;在一种新的事情或尝试之中也最易看出，由于在这种情形里是无惯例可援的。 They are happy men, whose natures sort with their vocations; otherwise they may say, multumincola fuit aruma mea, when they converse in those things, they do not affect In studies,whatsoever a man commandeth upon himself, let him s
13、et hours for it: but whatsoever isagreeable to his nature, let him take no care for any set times: for his thoughts will fly to it ofthemselves; so as the spaces of other business, or studies, will suffice. A man s nature runseither to herbs, or weeds; therefore let him seasonably water the one, and destroy the other. 但凡天性与职业合适的人是有福的人;反之，那些从事于他们本不想做的事业的人，他们能够讲： 我底灵魂曾久与天性不合之事物周旋 。在学问方面，一个人对于与他底天性不合而勉强去学的学科，应当有固定的时间;但是但凡与天性相合的学科，那就不必有什么规定的时间;由于他底思想会本人作主，飞到那方面去的;只要别的事情或学科所剩下来的时间足够研究这些学问就行。一个人底天性不长成药草，就长成莠草;所以他应当以时灌溉前者而芟除后者。