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1、1991考研英语真题及答案Section IStructure and VocabularyIn each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)1.They lost their way in the forest, and _ made matters worse was that night beg
2、an to fall.A thatB itC what（C）D which2._ my return, I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and would not be back for several hours.A AtB OnC With（B）D During3.Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond to _ situations.A similarB
3、 alikeC same（A）D likely4.There is not much time left; so Ill tell you about it _.A in detailB in briefC in short（B）D in all5.In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully _.A admittedB acknowledgedC absorbed（D）D considered6.There is a real possibility that these an
4、imals could be frightened, _ a sudden loud noise.A being thereB should there beC there was（B）D there having been7.By the year 2000, scientists probably _ a cure for cancer.A will be discoveringB are discoveringC will have discovered（C）D have discovered8.Jim isnt _, but he did badly in the final exam
5、s last semester.A gloomyB dullC awkward（B）D tedious9.The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents _.A commandB convictionC consent（C）D compromise10.He had _ on the subject.A a rather strong opinionB rather strong opinionC rather the strong opinion（A）D the rath
6、er strong opinion11. When Jane fell off the bike, the other children _.A were not able to help laughterB could not help but laughingC could not help laughing（C）D could not help to laugh12.It is better to die on ones feet than _.A living on ones kneesB live on ones kneesC on ones knees（D）D to live on
7、 ones knees13.The most important _ of his speech was that we should all work wholeheartedly for the people.A elementB spotC sense（D）D point14.This watch is _ to all the other watches on the market.A superiorB advantageousC super（A）D beneficial15.In a typhoon, winds _ a speed greater than 120 kilomet
8、ers per hour.A assumeB accomplishC attain（C）D assemble16._ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.A In spite ofB But forC Because of（B）D As for17.Mary _ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.A has receivedB ought to have receivedC couldnt have received（
9、C）D shouldnt have received18._ to speak when the audience interrupted him.A Hardly had he begunB No sooner had he begunC Not until he began（A）D Scarcely did he begin19.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely _ to the outside world.A being lostB having lostC losing（D）D lost20.The poli
10、cemen went into action _ they heard the alarm.A promptlyB presentlyC quickly（D）D directly21.The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway.A vanishedB abandonedC scattered（B）D rejected22.Dress warmly, _ youll catch cold.A on the contraryB or ratherC or else（C）D in no way23.Our res
11、earch has focused on a drug which is so _ as to be able to change brain chemistry.A powerfulB influentialC monstrous（A）D vigorous24.Bob was completely _ by the robbers disguise.A taken awayB taken downC taken to（D）D taken in25.Difficulties and hardships have _ the best qualities of the young geologi
12、st.A brought outB brought aboutC brought forth（A）D brought up26.Our modern civilization must not be thought of as _ in a short period of time.A being createdB to have been createdC having been created（C）D to be created27.Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not mor
13、e expensive than, _ at the other store.A anyoneB the othersC that（D）D the ones28.The bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to _ the investment plan within a week.A work outB put outC make out（A）D set out29.He knows little of mathematics, and _ of chemistry.A even moreB still le
14、ssC no less（B）D still more30.The students expected there _ more reviewing classes before the final exam.A isB beingC have been（D）D to beSection IIReading ComprehensionEach of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and c
15、hoose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)Text 1A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.Day after day my me
16、n and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accountability isnt hard to define. It means that ev
17、ery person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.Of the many values that hold civilization together - honesty, kindness, and so on - accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law - and, ultimately, no society.
18、My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on peoples behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.Fortunately there
19、 are still communities - smaller towns, usually - where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated - they simply are not done!”Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints a
20、re loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in
21、 a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home.I dont believe it. Many others in equally dis
22、advantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits
23、a crime is the one responsible for it.31.What the wise man said suggests that _.A its unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilB its certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itC its only natural for virtue to defeat evil（B）D its desirable for good men to keep away
24、 from evil32.According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, _.A society is to be held responsibleB modern civilization is responsible for itC the criminal himself should bear the blame（C）D the standards of living should be improved33.Compared with those in small towns, people in la
25、rge cities have _.A less self-disciplineB better sense of disciplineC more mutual respect（A）D less effective government34.The writer is sorry to have noticed that _.A people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsB people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standardsC todays society la
26、cks sympathy for people in difficulty（A）D people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities35.The key point of the passage is that _.A stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and familiesB more good examples should be set for people to followC more restrictions sho
27、uld be imposed on peoples behavior（D）D more people should accept the value of accountabilityText 2The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on societys definition as to what constitutes maturity and adultho
28、od. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of ones life. Furthermo
29、re, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more uni
30、versally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps t
31、hat lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic s
32、tatus and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, rights, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspect
33、s of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gai
34、ning significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a drivers license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child la
35、bor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he
36、 can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged
37、 period of adolescence.36.The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because _.A the definition of maturity has changedB the industrialized society is more developedC more education is provided and laws against child labor are made（C）D ceremonies for adolescence have lost their
38、 formal recognition and symbolic significance37.Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to _.A graduations from schools and collegesB social recognitionC socio-economic status（A）D certain behavioral changes38.No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges u
39、ntil he is _.A eleven years oldB sixteen years oldC twenty-one years old（C）D between twelve and twenty-one years old39.Starting from 22, _.A one will obtain more basic rightsB the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will haveC one wont get more basic rights than when he is 21（C）D one will en
40、joy more rights granted by society40.According to the passage, it is true that _.A in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existedB no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-oneC one is considere
41、d to have reached adulthood when he has a drivers license（A）D one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the armyText 3Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined. C. R. Barnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a w
42、ater structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building. Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water. The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into
43、 the root. They are carried to all parts of the growing plant and are built into essential plant materials while in a dissolved state. The carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in water in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to form simple
44、 sugars - the base material from which the plant body is mainly built. Actively growing plant parts are generally 75 to 90 percent water. Structural parts of plants, such as woody stems no longer actively growing, may have much less water than growing tissues.The actual amount of water in the plant
45、at any one time, however, is only a very small part of what passes through it during its development. The processes of photosynthesis, by which carbon dioxide and water are combined - in the presence of chlorophyll (叶绿素) and with energy derived from light - to form sugars, require that carbon dioxid
46、e from the air enter the plant. This occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute openings, through which the carbon dioxide enters. The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf, however, permits another gas - water vapor - to be lost from it. Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace quanti