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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！考研英语真题 1991 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section Use of English Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)When television first be
2、gan to expand,very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators were able to be equally effective on television.Some of the difficulties they experienced when they were trying to _1_ themselves to the new medium were technical.When working _2_ radio,for example,they had become _3_ t
3、o seeing on behalf of the listener.This _4_ of seeing for others means that the commentator has to be very good at talking._5_ all,he has to be able to _6_ a continuous sequence of visual images which _7_ meaning to the sounds which the listener hears.In the _8_ of television,however,the commentator
4、 sees everything with the viewer.His role,therefore,is _9_ different.He is there to make _10_ that the viewer does not miss some point of interest,to help him _11_ on particular things,and to _12_ the images on the television screen._13_ his radio colleague,he must know the _14_ of silence and how t
5、o use it at those moments _15_ the pictures speak for themselves.1.A turn B adapt C alter D modify 2.A on B at C with D behind 3.A experienced B determined C established D accustomed 4.A efficiency B technology C art D performance 5.A Of B For CAbove D In 6.A inspire B create C cause D perceive 7.A
6、add B apply C affect Dreflect 8.A occasion B event C fact D case 9.A equally B completely C initially D hardly 10.A definite B possible C sure D clear 11.A focus B attend C follow D insist 12.A exhibit B demonstrate C expose D interpret 13.A Like B Unlike C As D For 14.A purpose B goal C value D int
7、ention 15.A if B when C which D as Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question four answers are given.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(30
8、 points)Passage 1 A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.So,欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！as a police officer,I have some urgent things to say to good people.Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wa
9、ve of crime.Something has gone terribly wrong with our once proud American way of life.It has happened in the area of values.A key ingredient is disappearing,and I think I know what it is:accountability.Accountability isnt hard to define.It means that every person is responsible for his or her actio
10、ns and liable for their consequences.Of the many values that hold civilization togetherhonesty,kindness,and so onaccountability may be the most important of all.Without it,there can be no respect,no trust,no lawand,ultimately,no society.My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on peopl
11、e who refuse,or have never learned,to impose it on themselves.But as every policeman knows,external controls on peoples behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt,shame and embarrassment.Fortunately there are still communitiessmaller towns,usuallywhere schools maintain di
12、scipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim:“In this family certain things are not toleratedthey simply are not done!”Yet more and more,especially in our larger cities and suburbs,these inner restraints are loosening.Your typical robber has none.He considers your property his property
13、;he takes what he wants,including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes.Thirty years ago,if a crime was committed,society was considered the victim.Now,in a shocking reversal,it s the criminal who is considered victimized:by his underprivileged
14、 upbringing,by the school that didnt teach him to read,by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance,by the parents who didnt provide a stable home.I dont believe it.Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities.If we free the criminal,ev
15、en partly,from accountability,we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.16.What the wise man said suggests that_.A its unnecessary fo
16、r good people to do anything in face of evil B its certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it C its only natural for virtue to defeat evil D its desirable for good men to keep away from evil 17.According to the author,if a person is found guilty of a crime,_.A society is to be he
17、ld responsible B modern civilization is responsible for it C the criminal himself should bear the blame D the standards of living should be improved 18.Compared with those in small towns,people in large cities have_.A less self-discipline 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！B better sense
18、 of discipline C more mutual respect D less effective government 19.The writer is sorry to have noticed that_.A people in large cities tend to excuse criminals B people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards C todays society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty D people in dis
19、advantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities 20.The key point of the passage is that_.A stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families B more good examples should be set for people to follow C more restrictions should be imposed on peoples behavior D more people shou
20、ld accept the value of accountability Passage 2 The period of adolescence,i.e.,the period between childhood and adulthood,may be long or short,depending on social expectations and on societys definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood.In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a
21、relatively short period of time,while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor,the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of ones life.Furthermore,the length of the adolescent period and the definition
22、of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change.Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States,and more universally,the industrialization of an agricultural society.In
23、modern society,ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies.Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status.For example,
24、grade school graduation,high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence,and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition,the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual.Ceremonies for a
25、dolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles,right,privileges and responsibilities.It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and respo
26、nsibilities are granted.The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train,airplane,theater and movie tickets.Basically,the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights.At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted c
27、ertain adult rights which increase his social 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！status by providing him with more freedom and choices.He now can obtain a drivers license;he can leave public schools;and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws.At the age of eighteen the l
28、aw provides adult responsibilities as well as rights;the young man can now be a soldier,but he also can marry without parental permission.At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult.He now can vote,he can buy liquor,he can enter into financial contracts,and he i
29、s entitled to run for public office.No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained.None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.21.The period of adolesc
30、ence is much longer in industrial societies because_.A the definition of maturity has changed B the industrialized society is more developed C more education is provided and laws against child labor are made D ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance 22
31、.Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to_.A graduations from schools and colleges B social recognition C socio-economic status D certain behavioral changes 23.No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is_.A eleven years old B sixteen years
32、old C twenty-one years old D between twelve and twenty-one years old 24.Starting from 22,_.A one will obtain more basic rights B the older one becomes,the more basic rights he will have C one wont get more basic rights than when he is 21 D one will enjoy more rights granted by society 25.According t
33、o the passage,it is true that_.A in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed B no one can marry without the permission of 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！his parents until the age of twenty-one C one is considered
34、 to have reached adulthood when he has a drivers license D one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the army Passage 3 Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined.C.R.Barnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a wa
35、ter structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building.Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water.The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into th
36、e root.They are carried to all parts of the growing plant and are built into essential plant materials while in a dissolved state.The carbon dioxide(CO2)from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in water in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to form simple sugars
37、the base material from which the plant body is mainly built.Actively growing plant parts are generally 75 to 90 percent water.Structural parts of plants,such as woody stems no longer actively growing,may have much less water than growing tissues.The actual amount of water in the plant at any one tim
38、e,however,is only a very small part of what passes through it during its development.The processes of photosynthesis,by which carbon dioxide and water are combinedin the presence of chlorophyll(叶绿素)and with energy derived from lightto form sugars,require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the pl
39、ant.This occurs mainly in the leaves.The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute openings,through which the carbon dioxide enters.The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf,however,permits another gaswater vaporto be lost from it.Since carbon dioxide is pres
40、ent in the air only in trace quantities(3 to 4 parts in 10,000 parts of air)and water vapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf(at 80,saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 10,000 parts of air),the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon diox
41、ide intake.Actually,because of wind and other factors,the loss of water in proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentrations of the two gases.Also,not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates(碳水化合物).26.A growing plant nee
42、ds water for all of the following except_.A forming sugars B sustaining woody stems C keeping green D producing carbon dioxide 27.The essential function of photosynthesis in terms of plant needs is_.A to form sugars B to derive energy from light C to preserve water D to combine carbon dioxide with w
43、ater 28.The second paragraph uses facts to develop the essential idea that_.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！A a plant efficiently utilizes most of the water it absorbs B carbon dioxide is the essential substance needed for plant development C a plant needs more water than is found in
44、its composition D the stronger the wind,the more the water vapor loss 29.According to the passage,which of the following statements is true?AThe mineral elements will not be absorbed by the plant unless they are dissolved in its root.B The woody stems contain more water than the leaves.C Air existin
45、g around the leaf is found to be saturated.D Only part of the carbon dioxide in the plant is synthesized.30.This passage is mainly about_.A the functions of carbon dioxide and water B the role of water in a growing plant C the process of simple sugar formation D the synthesis of water with carbon di
46、oxide Part B Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)The fact is that the energy crisis,which has suddenly been officially announced,has been with us for a long time now,and will be with us for an even longer time.Whether Ar
47、ab oil flows freely or not,it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base.(31)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time,and in any case,the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.(32)New sources of en
48、ergy must be found,and this will take time,but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past.For an indefinite period from here on,mankind is going to advance cautiously,and consider itself lucky that it can
49、advance at all.To make the situation worse,there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the worlds population is in sight.Although the birth-rate has dropped in some nations,including the United States,the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the tw
50、enty-first century opens.(33)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.Taking all this into account,what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001?To begin with