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1、定语从句定语从句关系副词关系副词的用法的用法当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间时间、地点地点、原因原因、方式状语方式状语时，应使用关系副词when, where, why 或或“介词介词+which”。关系副词的作用如下：1. 指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词2. 在从句中充当句子成分状语，即在从句中起副词的作用3. 起连接作用关系副词引导的定语从句1. when表示时间时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time, day, hour, year等。We will never forget the year when the 29th Olym
2、pic Games were held in Beijing. 我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。误区警示误区警示当先行词是时间名词时间名词时，既可以用when 引导定语从句，也可以用或引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在定语从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语状语，则用when 引导；若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语主语或者宾语，则用that 或或which引导。Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）在从句中作状
3、语）Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm？你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that/which作作spent的宾语）的宾语）where 表示地点地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place, factory, house, village 等。Finally, we got to a factory, where many mobile phones of high quality were produced.最后，我们来到一家工厂，在那里许多
4、高质量的手机被生产出来。误区警示误区警示当先行词为地点名词地点名词时，如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或者宾语作主语或者宾语，则用that 或或which引导定语从句。This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。（定语从句中缺少主语缺少主语，所以用关系代词that/which, 不用关系副词where）当position, point, case, stage, situation, atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺
5、少状语缺少状语，则用where来引导定语从句。Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子们放到一个能够让他们从不同的角度看待自己的环境中，这对他们有帮助。why 表示原因原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语原因状语，其先行词一般是reason 这个词。I dont know the reason why he didnt turn to his good friend for help yesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。误区警示误
6、区警示若替代先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或者宾语充当主语或者宾语，则用that/which引导定语从句。I wont listen to the reason that/which you have given us.我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。（定语从句中缺少宾语缺少宾语，所以用which/that, 不用why）关系代词与关系副词的选用定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可用以下方法判断：用法用法依据依据根据从句谓语动词是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词则用关系副词根据关系词在从句中作的成分把关系词放在定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系
7、代词；作状语则用关系副词This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。（work是不及物动词）This is the factory that/which I visit last year.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。（visit是及物动词）Is this the museum(that/which) you visited a few days ago?这就是你几天前参观的那家博物馆吗？Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗？（从句缺少地
8、点状语）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which/whom,不可用that。先行词指物时，用which;先行词指人时，用whom。介词选择的三原则：1. 介词根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯谓语动词的搭配习惯而确定。This is the book on which I spent 5 yuan.This is the book for which I paid 5 yuan.This is the book from which I learnt a lot.This is the book about which Tom often tal
9、ks.2. 介词根据先行词的搭配习惯先行词的搭配习惯而确定。I remember the day on which I settled in China.I remember the days during which I lived here.I remember the month in which I stayed there.3. 介词根据从句所表达的意义从句所表达的意义而确定。My computer, without which I cant surf the Internet, crashed yesterday.昨天我的电脑系统瘫痪了，没有它我不能网上冲浪。误区警示误区警示表“所
10、有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时， 常用.of which/whom 引导定语从句。The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers.这位老人有两个儿子，两个儿子都是律师。2. 介词可后移介词可后移，此时关系代词可省略（省略时，介词必须后移）This is the man to whom you turned for help.This is the man whom you turned to for help.这是你寻求帮助的那个人。误区警示误区警示一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构，但有些含有介词的短语动
11、词一般不能拆开一般不能拆开使用，如look for(寻找), care for(喜欢), hear from(收到的来信), heart of (听说)等。Is this the book (which/that) she is looking for?这是她正在寻找的那本书吗？3. 在“介词短语+关系代词”结构中，若介词短语表示位置，则定语从句往往用倒装语序倒装语序。常用的这类短语有at the foot of, at the back of, in front of, on the top of等。They stayed in a big hotel, in front of which
12、was a garden.他们住在一家大的旅馆里，旅馆的前面有一个花园。4. “名词（代词、数词）+介词of+关系代词”所引导的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句，该结构在定语从句中一般作主语。The building had been repaired, the roof of which was destroyed again in the big fire.那座大楼曾经修复过，但在大火中，楼顶又被烧毁了。5. “介词介词+whose” 在定语从句中作定语，修饰其后的名词名词。Shes the very person in whose bag I found my lost j
13、ournal.我正是在她的包中找到了我丢失的日记。When, where, why 与“介词+关系代词”的替换1. When相当于“at/in/during/on等等+which”The date when/on which I joined the Party was October 12, 1960.2. where相当于“in/at/on等等+which”The house in which Marx lived is now a library.3. why 相当于“for+which”Is that the reason for which she suddenly changed her mind?