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1、精品名师归纳总结中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家龙文训练学科导学案老师:同学:日期:星期:时段:课题虚拟语气学习目标娴熟把握各种从句中的虚拟语气学习重点各种时态的虚拟情形学习方法讲解和练习学习内容与过程Ones real value first lies in to what degree and what sense he set himself.一个人的真正价值第一打算于他在什么程度上和在什么意义上从自我解放出来。1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不行能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不行能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气依据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间从句谓语
2、形式主句谓语形式可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结动词过去式 be 用 were将来should +动词原形were to +动词原形would / should / might / could +动词原形可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结现在动词过去式 be 用 werewould / should / might / could +动词原形过去had +动词过去分词would / should / might / could have +动词过去分词2. 条件中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：Ifhe should go to Qing
3、Hua University,he wouldmake fulluse ofhis time.假如他要上清华高校的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。Ifhe were to come here, he wouldtellus about it. 假如他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：Ifhe were free, he wouldhelp us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮忙我们的。Ifhe studied at thisschool,he wouldknowyou well.假如他在这
4、所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：IfI had seen the film,I wouldhave told youabout it. 我假如看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告知你了。IfI had got there earlier, I wouldhave met Mr.Li.假如我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须留意的几个问题(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词假设是系动词be 时，可用 was 代替 were。但在倒装虚拟结构及 ifI were you, as it were 中，只能用 were。如：W
5、ere I ten years younger,I wouldstudy abroad. 要是我仍年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。IfI were you, I wouldtry my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次时机。(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作假设不是同时发生时，须区分对待。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：IfI had workedhard at school,I wouldbe an engineer, too.假如我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了Ifthey ha
6、d informedus, we wouldnot come here now. 假如他们通知过我们的话， 我们现在就不会来这里了。 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：Ifhe were free today, we wouldhave sent himto Beijing.假如他今日有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了 fromyygrammar。Ifhe knew her, he wouldhave greeted her. 要是他熟悉她的话，他确定会去问候她了。 从句的动作与过去发生的情形相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情形相反。如：Ifithad not been
7、 rainingtoo much, the crops wouldbe growingmuch better.假如天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。Ifhe had been workinghard, he wouldbe workingin the officenow.要是他工作始终努力的话， 他现在已进了办公室了。(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had 时， if 可省略，而将 were, should, had 等词置于句首。如：Should he agree to go there, we wouldsend him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们
8、就派他去。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家Were she here, she wouldagree withus. 假如她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt aboutcomputers, we wouldhave hiredhimto workhere. 假如她懂一些电脑学问的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了fromyygrammar。(4) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情形的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判定。如：I wouldhave come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看
9、你了，然而我太忙了。Butforhis help, we wouldbe workingnow. 要不是他的帮忙，我们仍会在工作了。Withoutyourinstruction,I wouldnot have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。(5) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种剧烈的感情。 省略从句He wouldhave finishedit. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你应当会通过这次考试了。 省略主句IfI were at home n
10、ow. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。IfonlyI had got it.要是我得到它了该多好啊。二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在 forfear that, in case, lest 引导的目的状语从句中，假设用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should+ 动词原形。并且should 不能省略She examined the door again forfear that a thiefshould come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就动身了以防
11、迟到。(2) 在 so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / mig ht / will/ would/ should + 动词原形。如 fromyygrammar ：He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清晰。He read the letter carefullyin order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很认真以便不漏掉一个单词。2. 让步状语从句
12、中的虚拟语气(1) 在 even if,even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家Even ifhe were here himself,he should not know what to do. 即是他亲自来也不知该怎么办。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 准时华佗再世也就不了他。(2) 在 whatever ， whichever ，whenever
13、，whoever, wherever ，however, no matter wh-word等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： may +动词原形 指现在或将来 。如：We willfinishit on timeno matterwhat / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。We willfindhim wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。I willwaitforhim no matter howlate he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 ma
14、y +完成式 指过去 ，主句结构不限。如：Youmustnt be proudwhatever/ no matterwhat great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能自豪fromyygrammar。We mustrespect himno matterwhat/ whatevermistakes he may have made. 不管他翻过什么错误，我们必需敬重他。(3) 在 though, although 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为should +动词原形，主句结构不限。如：Although/ Though h
15、e should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他常常迟到，他仍是个好学生。Although/ Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记， 他也必需遵守规定。3. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气as if,as though 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为： 表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前had + 过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去时 be 用 were 发生在主句动作之后would / could / might / should+原形动
16、词例如：Theybegan to talkwarmlyas ifthey had knowneach other forlong.他们开头热闹的谈论起来就好像他们已相互熟悉很久了。He coughed twiceas ifsomeone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家4. 缘由状语从句中的虚拟语气amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed,frightened,happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised
17、, upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为： should + 原形动词 指现在或将来 。如：He was angry that you should callhim by name. 他很愤怒，你竟然对他直呼其名。I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊奇他竟答不出如此简洁的问题。 should + 完成式 , 指过去。如：Im very sorry that you shouldhave failedthe exam. 我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。I was ver
18、ysurprised that Father should have knownwhat I didyesterday. 我很惊讶， 父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情 fromyygrammar。三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1. 英语中，如： advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist 坚决要求 , order, propose, request, sugg est建议 表示恳求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，起虚拟语气的结构为： should + 原形动词。如：但是，当 insist 的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说。suggest 的
19、意思为：说明，暗含，示意等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：Tominsisted that he hadnt stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑说明他在考试中胜利了。2. believe, expect, suspect, think,imagine等动词的否认句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：should + 原形动词。如：Can youbelieve that he should killa tiger.你能信任他竟杀
20、死了一只老虎？Can you imaginethat he shouldtake the firstplace in the longjumpcontest.你能想象得到他在跳远竞赛中竟获得了第一名？3. 英语中， wish 之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不行能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为 fromyygrammar：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构 发生在主句动作之前1 had + 过去分词。2 would / could / might / should + have +过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去时 be 用 were 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总
21、结中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家发生在主句动作之后would / could / might / should +原形动词例如：I wishI learnt Englishwell . 我期望我已学好了英语。I wishI had been there withthem last week. 我期望上周跟他们一起在那儿。He wishes we couldgo and play games withhim.他期望我们能去跟他做嬉戏。4. 英语中， wouldrather, had rather, wouldsooner 等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。起虚拟
22、语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构过去had + 过去分词。现在过去时 be 用 were 将来过去时 be 用 were 例如：Id rather you had seen the filmyesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。We d rather you went here tomorrow.我么倒想你明天去那儿。六、定语从句中的虚拟语气英语中，表示： “早该做某事了 ”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is high/ about timethat + 主语
23、+ 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形。如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high timeyou should go to work.你早该上班了。七. 简洁句中的虚拟语气1. 表示 “希望 ”时，常用 “may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 ”。如：Mayyou have a good journey.祝你一路顺风。Mayyour youth last forever. 祝你青春永驻。2. 表示剧烈的 “愿望 ”、“希望 ”时，常用动词原形。如：Longli
24、vethe CommunistParty ofChina. 中国共产党万岁。God bless us. 上帝保佑。5 表示对过去情形的批评时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。You should have got here earlier. 你应当早就到这里了。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家You should have returned itto him. 你应当把他仍给他了。专项练习1. If there were no subjunctive mood, Englishmuch easier.A
25、. will be B. would have beenC. could have been D. would be2. If she had worked harder, she.A. would succeedB. had succeededC. should succeedD. would have succeeded3. If he, hethat food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have ta
26、kenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken4. If heme his telephone number yesterday, Iable to ring him up now.A. told; would beB. had told; would beC. had told; would have beenD. told; am5. If Iyou, Ito Australia with Mr. Smith.A. had been; would goB. were; had gone
27、C. were; would have goneD. am; will go6. Without electricity, human lifequite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be7. Our monitor was absent. Otherwise Ithe chair.A. would not takeB. didnt takeC. hadnt takenD. wouldnt have taken8. The experiment has failed. I suggest that youa
28、gain.A. tryB. tryingC. will tryD. would try9. His silence at the meeting suggested that heto your plan.A. didnt agreeB. hadnt agreedC. wouldnt agreeD. not agree10. The father insisted his daughtera rich man.A. would be engaged toB. be engaged toC. should engage toD. must be engaged to11. She insiste
29、d that sheill of him behind him, but he didnt believe.A. hadnt spokenB. shouldnt speakC. wouldnt speakD. not speak12. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you. Youwith Barbara.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家A. could have stayedB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stayed13. I was
30、 really anxious about you. Youhome without a word.A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have leftD. neednt leave14. There was plenty of time. She.A. mustnt have hurriedB. neednt have hurriedC. must not hurryD. couldnt have hurried15. I wish Iyou yesterday.A. seenB. did seeC. had seenD. were
31、 to see16. If my lawyerhere last Saturday, heme from going.A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would preventD. were; would have prevented17. Heyou more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. might giveC. may have givenD. may give18. If itfor the snow
32、, wethe mountain yesterday.A. were not; could have climbedB. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbedD. had not been; could climb19. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps Ifor her.A. had to write it outB. must have written it outC. should have written it outD. ought to write it
33、out20. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come21. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it.A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken22. You didnt let me drive. If wein turn, youso tired.
34、A. drove; didnt getB. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt getD. had driven; wouldnt have got23. She couldnt have answered the question if shea few books on world history.A. hadnt readB. hasnt readC. wouldnt readD. didnt read24. If itso hard, wed go to town.A. isnt rainingB. werent rainingC. d
35、oesnt rainD. has rained可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家25. Our former math teacher died of cancer last term, otherwise he.A. will still workB. should still workC. would still have workedD. would still be working26. The soldier died in the hospital. Heif the doctoron him two hours earlier.A.
36、might be saved; operatedB. could be saved; had operatedC. could have been saved; had operatedD. had been saved; was operated27. Its time that youhome and Id rather youagain tomorrow.A. are going; will comeB. go; are comingC. went; cameD. would go; would come28. Iyou a more valuable present for your
37、birthday, but I was short of money at that time.A. would buyB. had boughtC. would have boughtD. must have bought29. I went to the meeting yesterday because Inothing about the discussion without attending it.A. didnt knowB. would knowC. knewD. would have known30. It was required that each studentenou
38、gh food for the public.A. bringB. broughtC. would bringD. had brought31. He didnt come yesterday, or youhim.A. would see B. were to seeC. might have seenD. had seen32. It was suggested yesterday that a meetingto discuss the matter.A. will be heldB. would be heldC. should holdD. be held33. Its strang
39、e that hewithout saying good-bye to us.A. should have gone outB. wentC. should go outD. goes out34. Nothing could have saved him even if hewithout delay.A. would be tendedB. was tendedC. has been tendedD. had ben tended35. The manager was angry and ordered that this worktomorrow.A. be finishedB. fin
40、ishC. was finishedD. would finish36. He is talking so much about Britain as if hethere.A. had beenB. has beenC. wasD. had gone37. The young man insisted that henothing wrong andfree.A. did; setB. had done; should be setC. do; be setD. had done; must be set38. My suggestion was that the meetingoff ti
41、ll next week.A. to putB. be putC. should putD. would be put可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家39. Had you listened to the doctor, youall right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been40. It is requested that Li Mingat the class meeting on behalf of us.A. will speakB. speaksC. would speakD
42、. speak41. I didnt catch the first train this morning. Youthe first train if youearlier.A. would catch; had got upB. could catch; should get upC. would have caught; had got upD. would catch; got up42. Youearlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. would comeB. should have comeC. must comeD. could have com
43、e43. Without your help, wethis task.A. dont finishB. will not finishC. didnt finishD. would not have finished44. Mr. Fang spoke slowly in order that wehim.A. should follow B. followC. might followD. followed45. Have you ever been to Hong Kong. No, but I wish I.A. haveB. willC. doD. had46. What shoul
44、d we do if ittomorrow.A. should snowB. would snowC. snowD. will snow47. Hethe test, but he wasnt careful enough.A. could have passedB. were able to passC. must have passedD. might be able to pass48. If therenot the Communist Party, wea happy life.A. were; couldnt liveB. are; cant liveC. is; cant liveD. was; wouldnt live49. But for the leadership of out Party and Government, wethese splendid results.A. have achievedB. couldnt h