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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家 龙文训练学科导学案课题老师 :同学:日期: 星期:时段 :虚拟语气学习目标娴熟把握各种从句中的虚拟语气学习重点 各种时态的虚拟情形学习方法 讲解和练习学习内容与过程Ones real value first lies in to what degree and what sense he set himself. 一个人的真正价值第一打算于他在什么程度上和在什么意义上从自我解放出来；1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不行能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不行能获得的结果；条件句中的虚
2、拟语气依据不同的时间有三种不同的形式；时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式动词过去式 be 用 were 将来should + 动词原形would / should / might / could + 动词原现在were to + 动词原形形动词原动词过去式 be 用 were would / should / might / could + 形过去had +动词过去分词would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词2. 条件中的虚拟语气的举例1 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气；如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, h
3、e would make full use of his time. 假如他要上清华高校 的话,他就会充分利用他的时间了；If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 假如他要来的话,他会通知我们一声；名师归纳总结 1 深圳龙文训练民治校区教学研讨部第 1 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家2 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气；如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话,它会帮忙我们的；If he studi
4、ed at this school, he would know you well. 假如他在这所学校学习的话,它会对你很熟 悉；3 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气；如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我假如看过这场电影,我会把电影内容告知 你了；If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 假如我早点到那儿,我就会会到了李先生；3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时,须留意的几个问题1 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词假设是系动词be 时,可用was 代替 w
5、ere；但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were 中,只能用were；如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我仍年轻十岁的话,我会去国外学习；If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话,我要尽力抓住这次时机；2 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作假设不是同时发生时,须区分对待；从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符；如：If I had worked hard at school, I w
6、ould be an engineer, too. 假如我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在 也会使工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 假如他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会 来这里了；从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符；如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 假如他今日有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了 from yygrammar ；If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他熟
7、悉她的话,他确定会去问候她了；从句的动作与过去发生的情形相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情形相反；如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 假如天不下太多的 雨的话,庄家会长得更好；If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作始终努力的话,他现在已进了办公室了；3 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had 时, if 可省略,而将were, should,
8、had 等词置于句首；如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去；名师归纳总结 2 深圳龙文训练民治校区教学研讨部第 2 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家Were she here, she would agree with us. 假如她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的；Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 假
9、如她懂一些电脑学问的话,我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了from yygrammar ；4 有时,句子没有直接给出假设情形的条件,而须通过上下文或其他方式来判定；如：I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了,然而我太忙了；But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮忙,我们仍会在工作呢；Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导,我不会取 得如此大的进步；5 有
10、时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种剧烈的感情；省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了；You could have passed this exam. 你应当会通过这次考试了；省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊；If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊；二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气 1 在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的目的状语从句中,假设用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为：should + 动词原形；并且
11、should 不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼 的进入；He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就动身了以防迟到；2 在 so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / mig ht / will / would / should + 动词原形；如 from yygrammar ：He goes closer to the
12、 speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清晰；He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很认真以便不漏掉 一个单词；2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气 1 在 even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中,可用虚拟语气,主句、从句的结构与 if 所引 导的条件从句结构相同；如：名师归纳总结 3 深圳龙文训练民治校区教学研讨部第 3 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - -
13、- - - - - 中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即是他亲自来也不知该怎么办；Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 准时华佗再世也就不了他；2 在 whatever, whichever ,whenever,whoever, wherever ,however, no matter wh-word 等引导的 让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为： may +动词原形 指现在或将来 ；如：We
14、will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事,我们都要按时 完成；We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里,我们都要找到他；I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚,我都会等他； may +完成式 指过去 ,主句结构不限；如：You mustn t be proud whatever / no matter what great progres
15、s you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能自豪from yygrammar ；We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻过什么错 误,我们必需敬重他；3 在 though, although 等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形,主句结 构不限；如：Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他常常迟到,他仍是个好学 生；Alth
16、ough / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记, 他也必需遵守规 定；3. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气 as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气；虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前 had + 过去分词与主句动作同时发生 过去时 be 用 were 发生在主句动作之后 例如：would / could / might / should+ 原形动词They began to talk warmly as if they had known each ot
17、her for long. 他们开头热闹的谈论起来就 好像他们已相互熟悉很久了；He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了；4 深圳龙文训练民治校区教学研讨部名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家 4. 缘由状语从句中的虚拟语气 amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, sur
18、prised, upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气；其虚拟语气的结构为： should + 原形动词 指现在或将来 ；如：He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很愤怒,你竟然对他直呼其名；I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊奇他竟答不出如此简洁的 问题； should + 完成式 , 指过去；如：I m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾,你这次考试竟然失败
19、了；I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很惊讶, 父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情from yygrammar ；三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1英语中,如： advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist 坚决要求 , order, propose, request, sugg est建议 表示恳求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,起虚拟语气的结 构为： should + 原形动词；如：但是,当 insist 的意思为：坚决认为
20、,坚持说；一般不用虚拟语气；如：suggest 的意思为：说明,暗含,示意等时,宾语从句Tom insisted that he hadn t stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表；His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑说明他在考试中胜利了；2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine 等动词的否认句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气；其虚拟语气的结构为：should + 原形动词；如：Can you believe that he should
21、kill a tiger. 你能信任他竟杀死了一只老虎？Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest. 你能想象得到他在跳远竞赛中竟获得了第一名？3. 英语中, wish 之后的宾语从句,表示一种没有实现或根本不行能实现的愿望,常用虚拟语气；其虚拟语气的结构为 from yygrammar ：表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前 1 had + 过去分词；2 would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词与主句动作同时发生 过去时 b
22、e 用 were 5 深圳龙文训练民治校区教学研讨部名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家发生在主句动作之后would / could / might / should + 原形动词例如：I wish I learnt English well . 我期望我已学好了英语；I wish I had been there with them last week. 我期望上周跟他们一起在那儿；He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他期望我
23、们能去跟他做嬉戏；4. 英语中, would rather, had rather, would sooner 等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一 种愿望,故使用虚拟语气；起虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构过去 had + 过去分词；现在 过去时 be 用 were 将来 过去时 be 用 were 例如：I d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影；I d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿；We d rather you went here tomorrow.
24、我么倒想你明天去那儿；六、定语从句中的虚拟语气英语中,表示：“早该做某事了 ”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为：It is high / about time that + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形；如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了；It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了；七. 简洁句中的虚拟语气1. 表示 “希望 ”时,常用 “may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 ”；如：Ma
25、y you have a good journey. 祝你一路顺风；May your youth last for ever. 祝你青春永驻；2. 表示剧烈的 “愿望 ”、“希望 ”时,常用动词原形；如：Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁；God bless us. 上帝保佑；5 表示对过去情形的批评时,常用虚拟语气；其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词+ have + 过去分词”；You should have got here earlier. 你应当早就到这里了；6 深圳龙文训练民治校区教学研讨部名师归纳总结 - - - - - -
26、-第 6 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家 You should have returned it to him. 你应当把他仍给他了；专项练习 1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 2. If she had worked harder, she _. A. would succeed B. had succeeded C.
27、 should succeed 3. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. D. would have succeeded A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 4. If he _ me his telephone number ye
28、sterday, I _ able to ring him up now. A. told; would be B. had told; would be C. had told; would have been D. told; am 5. If I _ you, I _ to Australia with Mr. Smith. A. had been; would go B. were; had gone C. were; would have gone D. am; will go 6. Without electricity, human life _ quite different
29、today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 7. Our monitor was absent. Otherwise I _ the chair. A. would not take B. didnt take C. hadnt taken D. wouldnt have taken 8. The experiment has failed. I suggest that you _ again. A. try B. trying C. will try D. would try 9. His silence at the me
30、eting suggested that he _ to your plan. A. didnt agree B. hadnt agreed C. wouldnt agree D. not agree 10. The father insisted his daughter _ a rich man. A. would be engaged to B. be engaged to C. should engage to D. must be engaged to 11. She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him, but he didnt be
31、lieve. A. hadnt spoken B. shouldnt speak C. wouldnt speak D. not speak 12. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you. You _ with Barbara. 名师归纳总结 7 深圳龙文训练民治校区教学研讨部第 7 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have s
32、tayed 13. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 14. There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. neednt have hurried C. must not hurry D. couldnt have hurried 15. I wish I _ you yesterday. A
33、. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 16. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 17. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might
34、 give C. may have given D. may give 18. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb 19. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out B. m
35、ust have written it out D. ought to write it out C. should have written it out 20. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 21. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broke
36、n C. were broken D. had been broken 22. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. B. drove; wouldnt get A. drove; didnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got 23. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history. A. hadnt read B. h
37、asnt read C. wouldnt read D. didnt read 24. If it _ so hard, wed go to town. A. isnt raining B. werent raining C. doesnt rain D. has rained 8 深圳龙文训练民治校区教学研讨部名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家 25. Our former math teacher died of cancer last term, otherwise he _.
38、 A. will still work B. should still work C. would still have worked D. would still be working 26. The soldier died in the hospital. He _ if the doctor _ on him two hours earlier. A. might be saved; operated B. could be saved; had operated C. could have been saved; had operated D. had been saved; was
39、 operated 27. Its time that you _ home and Id rather you _ again tomorrow. A. are going; will come B. go; are coming C. went; came D. would go; would come 28. I _ you a more valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money at that time. A. would buy B. had bought C. would have bought D.
40、must have bought 29. I went to the meeting yesterday because I _ nothing about the discussion without attending it. A. didnt know B. would know C. knew D. would have known 30. It was required that each student _ enough food for the public. A. bring B. brought C. would bring D. had brought 31. He did
41、nt come yesterday, or you _ him. A. would see B. were to see C. might have seen D. had seen 32. It was suggested yesterday that a meeting _ to discuss the matter. A. will be held B. would be held C. should hold D. be held 33. Its strange that he _ without saying good-bye to us. A. should have gone o
42、ut B. went C. should go out D. goes out 34. Nothing could have saved him even if he _ without delay. A. would be tended B. was tended C. has been tended D. had ben tended 35. The manager was angry and ordered that this work _ tomorrow. A. be finished B. finish C. was finished D. would finish 36. He
43、is talking so much about Britain as if he _ there. A. had been B. has been C. was D. had gone 37. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set 38. My suggestion was that the meeting _ off till next week. A. t
44、o put B. be put C. should put D. would be put 名师归纳总结 9 深圳龙文训练民治校区教学研讨部第 9 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中学校 1 对 1 课外辅导专家 39. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 40. It is requested that Li Ming _ at the class meeting on behalf of us. A. will speak B. speaks C. would speak D. speak 41. I didnt catch the first train this morning. You _ the first train if you _ earlier. A. would catch; had got up B. could catch; should get up C. would have caught; had got u