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1、虚拟语气总结 第三版Grammar Use for Module 6Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气The Third EditionContent 目录【讲解部分】一、由If引导的非真实条件句.11.基本形式.1 2.省略if倒装句.13.错综时间条件句（混合虚拟语气）.14.含蓄条件句.2二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：Even if/though让步状语从句.2三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：as if/though;wish宾语从句；if only.31.基本形式.32.as if/though从句中虚拟语气具体用法.33.wish 引导的宾语从句中虚拟语气具体用法.34.if onl
2、y 引导的从句虚拟语气的具体用法.4五、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：would rather(d rather）+ 宾语从句.4六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：定从、表从、同位从、主从、宾从.41.定语从句中的虚拟语气. .42.宾语从句中的虚拟语气.43.表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气.54.主语从句中的虚拟语气.5 七、简单句中的虚拟语气.5 附表.6【Exercise for Grammar】Exercise for Grammar.7Answer Key.11友情提示：1. 本版本贴合考点，内容详实，并对相关知识点进行对照。2. 本版本归纳方式，以方便记忆为目的按照结构相同归纳在一起的原则，
3、难免会有分类重复（内容无重复），敬请谅解。3. 本版例句新颖，多原创，贴合当前热点，有利于理解学习。4. 本版在记录结构时,do表示动词原形，done表示过去分词5. 本版中新增导学练习，帮助及时学习巩固。（星号 * 标记处为导学练习，后附答案）6. 本版讲解后附近年高考经典题，以及部分原创题，帮助巩固提升。7. 本版增加附表一张，方便平时记忆，以及考前对要点复习。整理、编写：钱海龙虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood一、由If引导的非真实条件句(unreal conditionals lead by “If”) 1.基本形式：时间If非真实条件句的谓语主句的谓语过去If .had do
4、newould/could/might/should+ have done现在If .did(were)would/could/might/should+ do将来If . did(were)were to doshould dowould/could/might/should+ do2.省略if倒装句 If 引导的非真实条件句中含有谓语动词were ,had ,should时，可将if省略，而将上述谓语动词提前放置于句首，变为倒装句式。E.g. If it were to rain tomorrow,the sports meeting will be put off. rain tomor
5、row,the sports meeting will be put off.*如果明天下雨，运动会就会被推迟。E.g. If you had studied hard,you would passed the examinations. ,you would passed the examinations.* 要是你认真学习的话，你就能通过考试了。Correct: Did he come here now,he would meet you. .*注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式，不能用动词的否定形式。Were it not for the expense,I would go a
6、broad now. 但不能说：Werent it for the expense.() 要不是因为昂贵的价格，我现在就出国了。3.错综时间条件句（混合虚拟语气） 错综时间条件句即条件从句与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合三种基本形式对时态作相应的调整。E.g. If you had taken my advice earlier,you would not be in trouble now.若果你早点听取我的建议，你现在就不会陷入麻烦了。（从句表示过去，主句表示现在）IfI thatflight（catch）,I overthePacificOceannow
7、（fly）*如果我赶上了那趟航班，我现在正飞越太平洋呢。（从句表示过去，主句表示现在）4.含蓄条件句(为了表达的需要，句中不出现If引导的从句)（1） 介词或介词短语引导： were it not for had it not been forif it were not for hadnt been for but for(要不是)，without，with，under but for = 句型 =句型 E.g.Without your help ,we couldnt have finish the work ahead of time. = But for your help.= If
8、it had not been your help.要不是你的帮助，我们就无法提前完成工作。E.g.We under more satisfying conditions at that time.(can)* 要是在那时有跟另人满意的条件的话我们就能做的更好了。（2）连词和副词：but或but that（若不是，要不是）or或otherwise（否则）上述连词和副词表示虚拟条件句和真实条件句交织在一个句子中的情况。主句(虚拟)+ but/but that + 从句（陈述）主句（陈述）+ or/otherwise +从句（虚拟）E.g. There might have been a terr
9、ible accident,but he stopped the car before it was too late. =There might have been a terrible accident,if he hadnt stopped the car before it was too late.要不是他及时停车，可能就会发生一场可怕的事故。E.g.He telephoned to inform me of the meeting,or/otherwise I would have known nothing. =If he hadnt telephoned to inform m
10、e of the meeting,I would have known nothing. 要不是他打电话提醒我这个会议，我就会对此事一无所知。（3）结合语境推断E.g.A few hours earlier,and you could have met that famous movie star.=If you had come a few hours earlier. 如果你提前几分钟来的话，你就能遇到那个著名的电影明星了。二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：Even if/though让步状语从句1.Even if/though让步状语从句中虚拟语气基本形式与If虚拟语气的基本结构相同。E.g.
11、Even if he had been ill,he would have gone to his office as usual. 即使他生了病，他也会像往常一样来办公室。2.Even if/though引导的让步状语从句，若表示的事情非常可能发生，则从句的谓语动词可不用虚拟语气。 (E.g.He will go to the airport to welcome you,even if it rains.)三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：as if/though;wish宾语从句；if only1.基本形式（as if/though;wish宾语从句；if only均适用）时间虚拟语气结构从句
12、动作发生在主句之前had done（注：wish结构详见下面）与主句动作同时发生did(were)从句动作发生在主句之后would/could/might+ do2. as if/though（好像，似乎，仿佛）从句中虚拟语气具体用法 引导表语从句，常与as,look, seem,feel,taste,smell,sound等系动词连用。【as if 用法补充】 引导方式状语从句，表示“事情是怎么做的”或“一个人或事物是什么样的”。 用于省略句中，如果as if引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可以省略主语和系动词， E.g. Tom raised his hands as if (he wa
13、s going) to say something. (1) as if/though引导表语从句和方式状语从句，从句用虚拟语气，而主句不用。 E.g.She talked about the film as if before.* 她说的好像她曾经看过这部电影似的。 E.g.The child talked to us as if .* 这个孩子说话的方式就好像他是个成人。(2)as if/though引导表语从句和方式状语从句,如果从句中的动作很有可能发生，也可直接用陈述语气。 E.g.It sounds as if .* 外面听起来就好像下雨了。3.wish 引导的宾语从句中虚拟语气具体
14、用法(1)wish 引导的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿.” “.就好了”。 其虚拟语气结构与as if/though结构基本相同。要特别关注从句动作发生在主句之前虚拟语气的结构。从句动作发生在主句之前（1）had done（更常用）（2）would/could/might/+ have doneE.g. I wish I were ten years younger.我希望我能年轻十岁。E.g. He wishes we had been with him last summer vacation. =He wishes we .*他希望去年暑假的
15、时候我们和他在一起。4.if only 引导的从句虚拟语气的具体用法(1)compare :if only 与 only if 的辨析If only 意为 “要是.就好了”表示一个不可能实现的愿望或假设要用虚拟语气。Only if+条件状语从句 意为“只有”意思相当于unless但用于肯定句中引导条件状语从句，它用于陈述事实或必要的条件，比if所表达的语气更强烈。E.g. If only I had arrived here on time. 要是我能准时到这儿就好了。E.g.You will learn well only if you have interests in learning.
16、=You wont learn well unless you have interests in learning.Only if （改为倒装）*只有你对学习感兴趣，你才能学好。注意：(当only if 放语句首时，主句要实行不完全倒装)五、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：would rather(d rather）+ 宾语从句(1)基本形式从句动作发生时间从句虚拟语气结构过去had done 现在/将来did(were)E.g.“Shall I open the window? ” “Id rather you didnt. -我能打开窗子吗? -我宁愿你不这么做。E.g.Id rather yo
17、u had attended the meeting yesterday. 我倒宁愿你昨天才加了会议。六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：定从、表从、同位从、主从、宾从以下归纳的均可用：.+ should do 结构1.定语从句中的虚拟语气It is (high/ about)time(that)句型，that引导的定语从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。It is (high/ about)time (that)should do(should不能省略)did(were) E.g.It is high time that the old plane was scrapped. =It is high ti
18、me that .*这架旧飞机该报废了。2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在ask,demand,desire,decide,insist,order,command,request,suggest等表示请求，要求，建议，主张，命令意义的动词后面接上宾语从句，从句一般用虚拟语气。(详细见后面附表)结构：.+ (should) do （should可省略）译为：坚持要求（用虚拟）insist 译为：坚持认为（不用虚拟）译为：建议（用虚拟）译为：暗示，表明（不用虚拟）suggest【注意】 E. g. The teacher suggested that we good use of time of ev
19、ery minute school. The patients pale face suggested that he ill seriously.(make;be)*E.g.The suspect insisted that he at the scene of the crime where the murder happened.(be not)The Greenhouse effect becoming increasingly serious,the scientists insisted humans (削减)the use of fossil fuel.（化石燃料）*3.表语从句
20、、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 一些表请求、建议、命令、要求的名词（详细见后面附表）如advice，idea，order，demand，plan,proposal,request,requirement,suggestion后接表语从句，同位语从句都要用虚拟语气。结构：.+ (should) do （should可省略）E.g.Their plan is that they (should)build a new factory in their hometown. (表从) 他们计划在我的家乡建一座新的工厂。E.g.We followed his advice that .(同位从) 我们听从了他
21、让我们的认真工作的建议。4.主语从句中的虚拟语气 表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望、遗憾、理应等情感时，从句中常用虚拟语气。 结构：.+ (should) do （should可省略）should含有“竟然”“应该”之意，主句谓语动词形式不限。（1） It is amazing /strange/surprising/astonishing. that sb. (should) doIt is necessary /important/proper/natural. (详细见后面附表)（2）It is a pity/a shame/no wonder. （3）It is suggested/req
22、uested/desired/proposed. （4）It worries me that.E.g. It is strange he should not come. E.g. It is important that we should learn English well.E.g. It is suggested that more efforts should be made to maintain peace in world.E.g.Itworriesmethatheshoulddriveallthatwayonhisown. 七、简单句中的虚拟语气 1. 说话时，为了表示客气、
23、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。E.g.Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？E.g.You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。E.g.I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。2. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。E.g.May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。
24、E.g.May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。3. 表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。E.g.Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。E.g.God bless us. 上帝保佑。附表：1.引导宾语从句常用虚拟语气的动词建议v.suggest advise recommend(推荐) move(提议) motion(打手势) propose (建议)主张v.insist hold(持有.意见) urge(催促、力劝) maintain(坚持.意见) advocate (提倡)要求v.ask
25、request require demand desire prefer(宁愿)arrange(安排)命令v.order command2.引导表语、同位语从句常用虚拟语气的名词建议n.suggestion advice recommendation(推荐) proposal (建议)motion(手势，动机)主张n.aim idea plan要求n.request require demand desire preference(偏爱)命令n.order command其他n.wish decision necessity(必要性) resolution(解决)3.引导主语从句常用虚拟语气的
26、形容词、过去分词基本结构：（1）It is amazing /strange/surprising/astonishing. that sb. (should) doIt is necessary /important/proper/natural. （2）It is a pity/a shame/no wonder. （3）It is suggested/requested/desired/proposed/ordered. （4）It worries me that.常用形容词：necessary(必要的) essential(必要的) important(重要的)dreadful(可怕的
27、，糟糕的) urgent (急迫的) natural(自然地)preferable(更好的，更可取得) desirable(可取的，令人满意的)ridiculous (荒谬的，可笑的) advisable(明智的，可取的)Exercise for Grammar1.Simple Selection1. ( )You did not let me drive, if we in turn, you so tired. (a1) A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven;
28、 wouldnt have got 2. ( )Professor Stephen Hawking, the renowned astrophysicist, warned that the human race extinct if it look to the outer space within the next 200 years. (a1) A. Will become; were not to B. would become ;was not to C. will become; was not to D. would become; were not to3. ( )He mus
29、t have had an accident, or he there then. (a1 情态动词) A. would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could been4. ( ) I hope that you_right. (辨析） A. would be B. were C. will be D. should be5. ( )He_busy yesterday, or he_you with your experiment. （a4） A.Was; had helped B. was; would have helped
30、C.had been; would have helped D. were; would have helped 6. ( )I was ill that day, otherwise I_the sports meeting. (a4) A.Would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would taken part in7. ( )Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I_as well as her. (c) A. dance B. will dance C. had
31、danced D. danced 8. ( )What do you think his proposal that we_a play at the English meeting? ( e) A. had put on B. should put on C. have put on D. will put on 9. ( )I suggested the person to be put into prison. (非谓语 e) A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer 10. ( ) the danger of traveling on th
32、e lonely island, they would not be trapped now. (a2) A. Have they been informed of B. Were they informed of C. Should they he informed of D. Had they been informed of11. ( )What_if we were to reframe our approach to balancing and experiencing full days? A. may happen B. might have happened C. might
33、happen D. happened (a1)12. ( )We shall hardly please everyone; nor is it necessary that we . A.need B. should C. can D. may (e)13. ( )I_that the experience I was heading for was anything but boring,had I read the brochure carefully. A. realized B. had realized C. would realize D. would have realized
34、 (a1) 14. ( ) -Have you seen the film Operation Mekong? ( a2) -Its said that the film_ in Thailand should it he found to damage the image of the country. A. would be banned B. has been banned C. will be banned D. had been banned15. ( )The school took the students request into consideration that a pa
35、rty_be held to celebrate the victory. A. could B. might C. would D. should (e) 16. ( )Im sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline. With better equipment, I_the task on schedule. A. would accomplish B. might have accomplished C. must have accomplished D. could accomplish (a4) 17. ( )She would be mu
36、ch healthier now_with that much pressure from work when young. (a2 3) A. had she not burdened herself B. were she not burdened C. should she not burden herself D. were she not to be burdened 18. ( )It might saved me some trouble_the schedule. (a2) A.did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I know19. ( )I wish _I at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,