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1、2018考研英语二真题及解析（文字完整版）2018年研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及解析已经公布，详情如下：SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)whydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneed
2、to1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewiill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudentswill
3、ingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone5eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonly
4、thatsomewereelectrified7leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto10is
5、deeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct-itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance-butsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityisp
6、ossibleto15,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughononescuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20is
7、keytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity.Hseesays.Inotherwords,dontreadonlinecomments.1.A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regret3.A.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt7.A.Un
8、lessB.IfC.ThoughD.When8.A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change9.A.ratherthanB.suchasC.regardlessofD.owingto10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.forgetD.discover11.A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling12.A.beginwithB.restonC.learnfromD.leadto13.A.withdrawalB.inquiryC.persistenceD.diligence14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-re
9、liantC.self-evidentD.self-deceptive15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal17.A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend18.A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty19.A.whetherB.whyC.whereD.how20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequencesSectionReadingComprehensionPartADire
10、ctions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshire
11、highschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilyga
12、inedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.Buthesalsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducationhavethatstereotype.thatitsf
13、orkidswhocantmakeitacademically,hesays.Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmericasevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrigitfullyso.B
14、uttheheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall-andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless-missesanimportantpoint:ThatsnottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneds.Yes,abachelorsdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44perc
15、entofworkersareadequatelytrained.Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostarentequippedtodothem.Koz
16、iateksManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.Koziateksschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganationsdiversiyofgifts.21.Abrokanbikechainismentionedtoshowstudentslackof_.A.mechanicalmemorizationB.academictrainingC.practicalabilityD.pioneering
17、spirit22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho_.A.arefinanciallydisadvantagedB.arenotacademicallysuccessfulC.haveastereotypedmindD.havenocareermotivation23.WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates_.A.areentitledtomoreducationalprivilegesB.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing
18、C.usedtohavemorejobopportunitiesD.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns24.Theheadlongpushintobacheloisdegreesforall_.A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobsB.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobsC.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforceD.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation25.TheauthorsattitudetowardKoziate
19、ksschoolcanbedescribedas_.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautious21.答案Cpracticalability这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢?学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策。从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点，即学生只学会书本上的知识而不具备实际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话，MrKoziatek是NewHampshire高中的一名老师，在这所学校，学习不只是书本上的知识，或者是为了考试，也不
20、是为了机械化的记忆，而是为了实际的技能。能看出，作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能，所以答案是Cpracticalability.22.答案Barenotacademicallysuccessful这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词职业教育对孩子存在的偏见可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是在很多职业化教育的学校中，有这样一种老套的思想，那就是，职业教育是针对那些在学术上不能成功的那些孩子的。根据这句话可确定答案就是Barenotacademicallysuccessful。其他选项均不符合文意。23.答案Cusedtohavemorejobopportunities这是一道细节推断题，根据题干第五段和
21、highschoolgraduates回到原文定位致第五段第三句，说到美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的那种thejobsecurity已经在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那说明过去的时候高中毕业生是有职业安全感的，故选C，其他选项都不在定位处，可以排除。24.答案Dindicatetheovervaluingofhighereducation这是一道事实细节题，根据题干内容theheadlongpush找到出处是第六段开头But后，发现后面还有一个and.和其并列，所以主要关注对这两部分的评价，后面有明显的标点：冒号出现，冒号后说thatisnottheonlythingtheAm
22、ericaneconomyneeds.可以看出这句话对前面的否定，选项中只有D选项动词overvalue是负面词，而且提到主题词education。故选D。这道题最适合用感情色彩来排除与D相反的其他三个选项。25.答案Asupportive这是一道态度题，放在最末的态度题更倾向于到最后一段找答案。通过定位词Koziateksschool看到最后一段也确实提到了，说它是一个wake-upcall。也就是在唤醒人们教育不应该是统一的形式，这样会overlookinganationsdiversityofgifts，也就是忽视人才的差异性。所以可以看出作者是支持的态度。Text2Whilefossi
23、lfuels-coal,oil,gas-stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworldsenergysupply,itsclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmen
24、tsandfarsightedBusinssestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetaone-thirdinthepasteightyears.Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergy
25、source.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUS
26、EnergyInformationAdministration.PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels-especiallycoal-asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource,ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestateselectricitygenera
27、tion-andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.Thequestionwhathappenswhenthewinddoesntbloworthesundoesntshine?hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestorageapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmo
28、relikely.Theadvanceisdriveninparbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow.thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.Whiletheresalongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinener
29、gysourcesappearstobespeedingupperhaps:justintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes-ordoesntdo-topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.26.Thewordplummeting(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto_A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.Accor
30、dingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica_A.isprogressingnotablyB.isasextensiveasinEuropeC.facesmanychallengesD.hasprovedtobeimpractical28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,_.A.windisawidelyusedenergysourceB.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuelsC.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergyD.thereisashortageofclea
31、nenergysupply29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs56?A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.B.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.D.Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult.30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableen
32、ergy_.A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountriesB.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchangeC.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernmentD.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy_.A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountriesB.willaccelerateglobalenvironmental
33、changeC.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernmentD.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost26.答案Cfalling这是一道词义句意题，要想知道plummeting的意思，首先要回到原文找线索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子是在说现在例如风能和太阳能这样的可再生资源的价格的问题，plummeting是修饰可再生资源的价格的，接着二段最后一句就在用具体数字来证明可再生资源的成本在下降，如太阳能成本下降了百分之八十，风能也降到三分之一，由此可知，可再生资源的
34、成本在下降，plummeting的含义是下降的意思。所以选择Cfalling。27.答案Aisprogressingnotably这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词定位至第三段第三句及第四句，意思是在中国和欧洲等国家已经领先时，美国也在见证着巨大的改变。根据美国能源信息局报道，三月份，美国首次使用风能和太阳能产生了超过百分之十以上的能源。这足以说明在美国，可再生能源的使用正在取得显著地进步。所以答案是A。28.答案Awindisawidelyusedenergysource这是一道细节推断题，根据题干关键词定位至第四段第三句，在爱荷华州，风力涡轮机点缀着这个州并提供了此州百分之三十六的电能，并
35、且还吸引了像微软这样的科技巨头公司。因此可判断，在爱荷华州，风能是一种广泛使用的能源。所以答案是A。29.答案Citscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality这是一道是非细节题，根据题干给出的段落位置，5-6两段和主题词cleanenergy，回到原文的第5-6段，这两段都不长，第五段出现了But后讲到电池容量的提升aboostinthestorage，与A选项不符，并不是因果关系，故排除;B选项说道广泛用在制造业也不符合原文第六段第一句;而D选项和原文第六段最后一句是语义相反的，故也排除;正确选项C是和这句话语义一致的，也是和全文主题一致的，故为正确答案。30.答
36、案CisnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment这是一道细节推断题，题干问根据最后一段可以推断出来可再生能源怎么了，回到原文最后一段第一句就表明尽管还有很长一段路要走，可再生能源发展的趋势在增强。后面也提到改变的节奏在加快，对slowing气候变化有meaningfuleffect，所以可以看出B选项accelerate.是不对的，D选项中提到的价格不具有竞争力不在本段当中，也应排除。剩下的两个选项都提到了美国，就应该重点看最后一句，最后一句提到华盛顿政府做或不做什么都maymeanlessandless.所以可以看出美国不应该是和其他国家更近，排除A，所以选C
37、，美国不是真正支持可再生能源的。Text3ThepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishingAmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesnthaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedF
38、acebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusersfriendshipsandsociallives.FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasen
39、ormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMaysenemiesarecurrentlyplotting?ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsftowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.Competitionlawappearst
40、obetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspres
41、entlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdontpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.ThatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthemandFacebookandGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothe
42、rmediaandentertainmentcompanies.Theproducttheyresellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhe31.AccordingtoParagraph1，FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits。A.digialproductsB.userinformationC.physicalassets
43、D.qualityservice32.LinkingphonenumberstoFaccbookidentitiesmayA.worsenpoliticaldisputesB.messupcustomerrecordsC.posearisktoFacebookusersD.misleadtheEuropeancommission33.Accordingtotheauthor，competitionlawA.shouldservethenewmarketpowersB.mayworsentheeconomicimbalancensC.shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsol
44、utionD.cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket34.CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebooknsersBecauseA.theyarenodefinedascustomersB.theyarenotfinanciallyreliableC.theservicesaregenerallydigitalD.theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers35.TheantsanalogyisusedtollustrateA.awin-winbusinessmod
45、elbetweendigitalgiantsB.atypicalcompetitionpattemamongdigitalgiantsC.thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiantscustomersD.therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers31.答案Buserinformation解析：细节题。根据题干信息定位到第一段第二句。该句提到两年前Facebook花了更多的钱获得了WhatsApp的信息服务。接着提到WhatsApp提供给Facebook的是关于其用户的朋友圈以及社会生活等具体精炼的信息。由此可知，B
46、项为正确答案。32.答案CposearisktoFacebookusers解析：细节题。根据题干关键词linkingthephonenumber定位第二段第一句。该句提到Facebook向欧洲委员会承诺不会把用户的电话号与Facebook的身份认证连系到一起，但是协议通过之后Facebook立马失信。接下来提到甚至都不清楚信息里面都有什么，也不知谁发的消息，发送的目的又是什么。因此，可能会给用户造成风险。因此C项符合文意。33.答案Dcannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket解析：细节题。根据题干关键词competitionlaw定位到第三段第一句。该句指出竞争法似
47、乎成为解决这些不平等权力的唯一办法，但是此法案太过笨拙。下一句提到一方面，相比于数据经济变化的速度，此法案发展是非常缓慢的。由此可知，该法案跟不上当前市场变化的步伐。因此D项为正确答案。34.答案Dtheservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers.解析：根据题目中的because可确定为因果细节题。题干中的信息出现在第三段后半部分，是题目中的原词competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreted，而原因在其后面的句子。下文写到，theusersoftheirservicesarenot，读到这里的not，一定要找而是谁。继续读下一句，Thatwould
48、bethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem，与选项对应，可得出Dtheservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers。35.答案Dtherelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers.解析：根据题目中isusedtoillustrate可判断为例证题，要找到theantsanalogy论据所证明的论点;论点在论据之前，因此先找到论据theantsanalogy，再找到论据前的论点句。所以本题定位到最后一段的第一句，Theproductisdata，andweconvertourlivestodata。此句中，data即digitalgiants，we即users。因此答案为Dtherelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers.Text4Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistract