(完整版)2018考研英语(一)真题答案及解析.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!1 2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解 本套真题答案由海文机构提供目前仅供参考,标准答案在官方公布后会为您更新 Section I Use of English 1、【答案】B for 【解析】此处考察介词的用法。its a necessary condition _ many worthwhile things(信任是一个必要条件_许多重要事情)此处应该是说,信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。B 选项 for(对.来说)符合语义,故为正确答案;A 选项 from(来自于

2、),C 选项 like(像.),D 选项 on(关于)语义不恰当,故排除。2、【答案】C faith 【解析】此处考察词义辨析和中心一致性原则。第一段首句提出主题句:trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明:On the one hand,its a necessary condition _ for _ many worthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.(一方面,信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件,比如照看孩子,友谊等),这句话在说信任的好处。On the other han

3、d,putting your _ in the wrong place often carries a high _.(另一方面,把.放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大.),显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”,只有 C 选项 faith(信任、忠诚)与 trust 属于近义词复现,故正确答案为C faith。3、【答案】B price 【解析】此处考察词义辨析。第一段首句提出主题句:trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明:On the one hand,its a necessary condition _ for _ m

4、any worthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.(一方面,信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件,比如照看孩子,友谊等),这句话在说信任的好处。On the other hand,putting your _ in the wrong place often carries a high_.(另一方面,把.放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大.),显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”,并且根据空格所在句中的关键词“wrong place”,本句应该在说信任不当的弊端,所以空格处应该填入一个负向感情色彩的词,故 A 选项 benefit 和 D 选项 ho

5、pe 排除,而 C 选项 debt(债务)带入之后语义不当,故正确答案为B price(代价)。4、【答案】D Then 【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。上段讲述的是信任的好处和信任不当的弊端。第二段段首提出问题:“_我们为什么要信任”。只有 D 选项 then(那么)填入后能形成顺畅的语义和逻辑关系。故正确答案为 D then(那么)。A 选项again(再次)表示强调;B 选项 instead(但是、然而)表示转折;C 选项 therefore(因此)表示结果,不符合要求,故排除。5、【答案】A When 【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。空格所在句含义为:_人们信任一个人或一个组织机构,他们的大脑会释

6、放催产素。只有 A 选项 when(当.时候)填入后符合逻辑要求,故正确答案为 A 选项 when。其他三个选项 B 选项 unless(如果不)表条件,C 选项 although(尽管)表让步,D 选项 until(直到.)表时间,带入后均语义不通顺,故排除。6、【答案】C produce 【解析】此处考察动宾搭配问题。上文指出:When people place their trust in an their brains release oxytocin,a hormone.上文指出当人们产生信任感,大脑就会产生一种荷尔蒙,后面是定语从句,句内的动宾搭配,可推知这个荷尔蒙能产生令人愉悦的

7、情绪,并且与后面的 trigger 同义复现,因此 C.produce 正确。7、【答案】A connect 【解析】此处考察上下文信息照应题。上文讲到这种荷尔蒙能够激发一种群居本能,the herding instinct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and promote with one another,这种本能有两个作用,并用 and 连接,所以复现同义and 前面的 flock together.因此选择 A.connect 8、【答案】B to 【解析】此处考察上下语境下的名词介词搭配问题。根据上文的结论,下文实验展开

8、分析,Swiss scientists have found that exposure to this hormone puts us.所以研究中要求受试者要先处于这种环境中,所以名词 exposure to 构成搭配语义关系,表示“接触”的意思,因此选择 to。9、【答案】D mood 【解析】此处考察上下文的信息对应和句内信息对应。上文提到身体会产生荷尔蒙,会给你带来一种愉悦的情欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!2 绪 pleasurable feelings,这个上文结论。实验中 exposure to this hormon

9、e puts us in a trusting,因此,根据上下文,试验中,处于这种荷尔蒙环境中,会给人带来情绪;语气;心境;。因此选择 mood。10、【答案】A counterparts 【解析】此处考察上下文的信息对应和句内信息对应。上文指出,In a study,researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects,可推知本句再讲与另外一组受试者比较。故选择 A。counterparts.相对物,相对应的人。11、【答案】C Lucky 【解析】此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。因为这个句子当中有个词 also,说明前文

10、和后文情感是一致的关系。说我们有这两种天赋,对大家来说都是好事,所以需要选择一个正向的情感色彩。只能选择 lucky。A 选项 odd 奇怪的是,B 选项 funny 有趣的是,D 选项 ironic 讽刺的是,皆不符合文意。12、【答案】A protect 【解析】此处考察上下文的成分搭配。因为这个句子当中有个词 also,说明前文和后文情感是并列平行关系,前后情感应该一致。所以此处只能选择 protect 保护我们,符合文意。B 选项 delight 使高兴;C 选项 surprise 使震惊;D 选项 monitor 监控皆不符合文意。13、【答案】D between 【解析】此处考察固

11、定搭配。differentiate between A and B.介词 between 表示在 A 和 B 之间,原文含义为:“4个月大的孩子可以区分出一个可信的人和一个不诚实的人”。14、【答案】C introduced 【解析】此处考察成分搭配。原文表达:Sixty toddlers were each_ to an adult tester holding a plastic container.只有 C 选项 be introduced to sth 表示“初次认识某事物”,符合文意。A 选项 added 添加;B 选项 transferred 转移;D 选项 entrusted 委

12、托,皆不符合文意。15、【答案】B inside 【解析】此处考察介词搭配及词义复现。原文表达:“Whats in here?”before looking into the container Each subject was then invited to _.只有选择 B 选项 inside 才能和前文所表达的 in here 和 looking into 一脉相承。16、【答案】D discovered 【解析】此处考察词义复现,属于句子内部的显性线索。根据原文 Half of them found a toy;the other half 16 the container was e

13、mpty 这是用分号并列的连个句子,都是在讲试验的结果句型结构基本一致,前半句再讲一半的受测者在盒子里面找到了玩具,后半句肯定是再说另半会怎么样,两个小分句的结构基本一致 Half of them=the other half,found=16,a toy=the container was empty,所以 16 题填入的应该是 found 的同义词,发现的含义,故 D 为正确选项。17、【答案】A fooled 【解析】此处句间逻辑关系,属于句子内部的显性线索。and realized the tester had 17 them,此句位于破折号后面,是对前面意思的解释说明。前面提到另一半

14、人发现盒子是空的,并且意识到测试者对他们怎么样,既然盒子是空的那么肯定认识到测试者是在戏弄他们,所以作对此题必须要理解 tester 测试者是主语,宾语是 them 指的是受测者,主语的意思决定了谓语动词的含义为戏弄,故 A fooled 为正确选项。18、【答案】B willing 【解析】此处考察搭配关系,属于句子内部的显性线索。Among the children who had not been tricked,the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill,demonstrating

15、that they trusted his leadership.根据句子结构我们可以看出逗号之前是一个介词短语意为在所有没有被戏弄过的孩子里面,大多数的孩子在习得一种新技能的时候与测试者的合作是怎么样的,demonstrating that they trusted his leadership 表明这些孩子信任他的领导,所以既然信任他们就是愿意与其合作,故选择 B.willing,与 were willing to 构成固定搭配,意为愿意。19、【答案】D In contrast 【解析】此处考察句间的逻辑关系。19,only five of the 30 children paired

16、with the“20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.通过该句中的 only 仅仅,可以看出与上文的 the majority of 形成鲜明的对比,19 题应该填入的应该是表示转折,与上文形成对比的逻辑关系词。分析四个选项 A 表示总结,B 表示结果,C 表示举例子,只有 D 表示转折,对比,故 D 为正确选项。20、【答案】C unreliable 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!3【解析】此处考察词义辨析。19,only five of the 30 children

17、paired with the“20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.该句含义为:在接下来的活动中 30 个孩子中只有 5 个孩子与。样的测试者能合作,所以结合上文提到的大部分孩子信任测试者,但是 5/30 属于一小部分,大部分对应的是信任,那么小比例的对应的是不信任,所以 tester的修饰词应该为 C,unreliable 不可靠的,不可信任的,故 C 为正确选项。Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Text 1 21、【答案】D Middle-class workers 【解析】根据题干中

18、“threatned”和“automation”定位到第一段首句“the annoyi-ng challenge facing the middle class is one that.for their jobs”中的 challenge 和第二段的最后三句话,可以得知相对于低收入者和富人,中产阶级受到的冲击最大。22、【答案】C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled 【解析】根据题干可定位到第三段中的首句“this isnt to be alarmist”和末句“But.middle-class workers may need

19、 a lot of help adjusting”,but 转折句再一次强调了作者的观点,即中产阶级工人需要很多帮助来调整应对问题。同时,末句中”may need a lot of help”同义替换成选项 C 中的“need to be tackled”,自动化带来的问题需要被解决,得出 C 答案。23、【答案】A creative potential 【解析】根据题干中的关键词可定位到第四段第二句“Curriculumsfrom grammar school to collegeshould evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more

20、 on creativity and complex communication”。由该句可知,课程应该更关注创造性和复杂的沟通而非记忆事实。所以,应该选 C 选项 creative potential(创造潜能),同义替换为 creativity。24、【答案】D preventing the income gap from widening 【解析】该题考查作者的观点,根据题干中的关键词可定位到第六段第一句“Finally,because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor incom

21、e,taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought”。由该句可知,由于自动化加大了资本收入和劳动力收入的差距,所以应该重新考虑税收和安全网(保障措施),即税收政策应该避免收入差距扩大,选 D 选项 preventing the income gap from widening。25、【答案】B possible solutions to it 【解析】作者在文章第一、二段提出问题“中产阶级受自动化危害最大”之后,第三段的末尾句提出中产阶级需要帮助去适应自动化的发展,接下来第四段至第六段介绍解决方法,最后一段表明作者观点。所以应该选 B 选项

22、possible solutions to it(解决问题的相应方法)。Text 2 26、【答案】D social media as a reliable source of news 【解析】双段推理题。根据题目定位到第 1 段和第 2 段,双段推理优先考虑双段主旨。第一段中心句为最后一句话:Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources,not a presidents social media platform。“千禧一代喜欢白宫直接发布的消息而不是总统社交媒体发布的信息

23、”,说明他们不太信任社交媒体。第2 段中心为第二句转折之后,说明对于社交媒体的不信任上升。故双段中心都和他们不信任社交媒体相关。结合以上信息,得出社交媒体信息不可靠,选择 D。27、【答案】A sharpen 【解析】词汇释义题。根据题目定位到第 2 段第 2 句:Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills。句子的情感色彩判断,因为逗号前提到“人们对于所有媒体的不信任增加”,可以推知人们应该开始增强其媒体素养的技能,故选 A。28

24、.【答案】B verify news by referring to diverse sources.【解析】范例证明题。根据题干定位至第三段第二句话。因为某项研究一般是论据证明前面的论点,故答案应该位于第一句话“Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at seperating fact from fiction in cyberspace.”说明答案应该“和年轻人更容易把网络中的事实和虚假信息区分开来”,故答案为 B“验证新闻的真伪”。为了精确可以在论据中去验证,论据中提到“verify

25、stories”,“cross check sources”和“prefer news from different 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!4 perspectives”,都是和多重角度验证信息真伪相关的。29.【答案】C readers misinterpretation 【解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位至第五段第三句 found 之后 a main reason 对应 the top reason,而原文剩余信息为“reader error”,所以应该和读者相关。Error 应该对应 misinterpretation

26、,故答案为 C readers misinterpretation。若本句不清晰,下句进一步说明答案的内容,文中 misintepretation or exerggeration of actual news 进一步印证 C 为正确答案。30.【答案】A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online 【解析】全文主旨题。本篇文章属于篇首转折,二段转折之后为全文主旨,yet 之后说道:“Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be strarting to beef up

27、their media literacy skills”.“随着对于所有媒体不信任的上升,人们开始增强其媒体素养的技能”,故答案为 A。为了验证,可以看篇末,篇末重申主题,so 之后讲道“so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president,they reaveal a mental discipline in thinking skills-and in their choices on when to share on social media.”更进一步说明和人们批判性看待社交媒体上的新闻相关。Text 3 31、

28、【答案】B It failed to pay due attention to patients rights.【解析】细节题。根据题干中的 NHS,DeepMind 和 agreement 回文定位第一段第四句“It is against that background that the information commissioner,has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS,which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1

29、.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients rights and their expectations of privacy”。根据 a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients rights and their expectations of privacy 这一部分的语义信息,说明 NHS 与 DeepMind 之间的协议没

30、有充分考虑到病人的权利与隐私。这句话的言外之意就是协议未能充分关注病人的权利。故确定答案为选项 B,其中 failed to 是 took far too little account 的同义改写。32、【答案】C necessary adjustments.【解析】细节题。根据题干中的NHS trust,以及Denhams verdict回文定位第二段第二句“The NHS trust has mended its ways.”根据第二句的语义信息,NHS trust 针对 Denhams verdict 已经调整了其与 DeepMind 的协议内容,故通过同义替换,可确定正确答案为 C。3

31、3、【答案】D the value of data comes from the processing of it.【解析】推理题。根据题干,此题定位在第二段最后一句 but 之后的转折句。“But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation,not the mere possession of bits,that gives data value”.这种区分忽视了一个点:是处理和收集赋予数据意义,而不是拥有数据。选项中的“processing”和原文中的“processing”原词复现。选项中

32、的“the value of data”对应原文中的“data value”。因此,D 项为正确答案。34、【答案】D the monopoly of big data by tech giants.【解析】细节题。根据题干此题定位在文中最后一段的第四句。“What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.”重要的是这些进步属于一个私人垄断企业,而私人垄断企来使用公共资源进行研发。而这正真正的担忧所在。因此,选项 D 为正确答案,the

33、monopoly of big data by tech giants 对应原文中的 a private monopoly。35、【答案】B cautious 【解析】态度题。本题考查作者对本文主题“将人工智能应用于医疗健康”的态度。根据顺序性原则定位在最后一段。该段倒数第三句话指出“我们目前依然处于这一改革的前期,并且任何小的选择都会对未来产生深远的影响”,其中“still”一词,以及“small”(小)和“gigantic”(巨大的)对比,都体现出了作者对待整个事件是小心谨慎的态度,因此B cautious 为正确答案。Text 4 36、【答案】B its rigid managemen

34、t 【解析】根据题干判断本题考查因果细节。第一段的前三句都是有关 USPS 的具体数字,属于细节信息。第四句出现 many reasons 很多原因。紧接着下面就有 fundamentally 根本原因是,所以定位在第一段的最后一句。然后分析这个长难句,USPS 处在 squeeze between 1 and 2,中,1 是 technological change,2 是 structure.2 的 structure 后定语从句:denies management flexibility 对应选项 B:rigid management。欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权

35、请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!6 【解析】根据给定的 F 段,首句是段落大意,该句提到了.as the building slowly rose wing by wing(该建筑逐翼展开).而 B 选项第一句谈到了.south wing was the first to be occupied(首先坐落在南翼),然后在 B 选项最后一句又谈到.moved into the east wing(之后又移至东翼).先在 F 段总起,再在 B 段中分说,前后对应,故 44 题答案选 B.45、【

36、答案】D Many of the most celebrated national figures 【解析】B 段结尾处谈到了 where elaborate walldecorated the office of the Secretary(这些精美的墙.装饰了秘书处的办公室),而 D 段第一句提到了.that have taken place within the EEOBs granite walls(历史事件在这些 EEOB 的墙上呈现),the wall 原词复现,两句话意思一致,故 45 题答案选 D。Section III Translation (46)By the date

37、of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama,and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.【题目考点】代词还原;并列结构 【句子结构】and 并列两个句子,主干分别为:Europe was witnessing the passing and the creation of;of the religious drama 为定语修饰 the passing;under the ince

38、ntive of classical tragedy and comedy 为状语 【重点词汇】witness 见证 religious 宗教的 drama 戏剧 incentive 刺激 【参考译文】莎士比亚出生之时,欧洲宗教戏剧正在消逝,在古典悲剧和戏剧的推动下,很多新的戏剧形式应运而生。(47)no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring

39、 honor to England.【题目考点】定语从句;宾语从句;并列结构 【句子结构】主句主干:no boy could be ignorant that。who 引导的定语从句修饰 boy,that 引导为形容词ignorant 的宾语从句,which 引导的定语从句修饰 a form of literature,gaveand might bring honor为先行词 a form of literature 的并列谓语结构。【重点词汇】grammar school 文法学校 ignorant 忽视 literature 文学 glory 荣耀 【参考译文】任何文法学校的学生都知道戏

40、剧是一种文学形式,它曾给希腊和罗马带来荣耀,也许同样会给英格兰带来殊荣。(48)But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters,and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.【题目考点】并列句 【句子结构】并列句主干分别为:companies prospered and university men were quick to

41、 【重点词汇】professional 专业的 prosper 繁荣 permanent theater 永久性剧院 【参考译文】但是专业公司的永久性剧院却兴旺起来,于是高校一些有着文学抱负的人迅速抓住机遇,将其作为一个谋生手段。(49)A native literary drama had been created,its alliance with the public playhouses established,and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.【题目考点】伴随状语,并列结构,被动语态 【句子结构】本句是一

42、个由 and 连接的并列句。and 前的句子主干为一个被动语态的简单句:a drama had been created,with 引导一个伴随状语;and 后的句子也为一个被动语态的简单句:some of its great traditions had been begun。【重点词汇】alliance 作为名词意为“联盟,联合;联姻”,常与介词 with 进行搭配使用。establish 作为动词意为“建立,创办”,也可引申为“诞生”。at least 为固定搭配,表示“至少”。tradition 作为名词表示“传统,惯例”。【参考译文】一种本土文学戏剧形式诞生了,它与公共剧院结成联盟,

43、至少它的一些优良传统开始登上历史舞台了。(50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity,we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost,and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.【题目考点】非谓语,宾语从句,定语从句 【句子结构】本句结构较为复杂,主句部分为“we must remember”,主句之前的非谓语 to realize 作为目的状语,后接了一个 h

44、ow 引导的宾语从句。主句中,两个 that 分别引导了两个 remember 的宾语从句,其中第二个宾语欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!7 从句中,有一个 whose 引导的定语从句,修饰 author of note。【重点词汇】realize 作为动词表示“实现,了解,认识到”。dramatic 为 drama 的形容词形式,意思为“戏剧的,引人注目的,激动人心的”。survive 作为动词表示“幸存,活下来;比活得长”。hosts of 表示“大量的”。【参考译文】为了了解戏剧性活动有多么伟大,我们必须牢记大量的戏剧已经被遗

45、忘了,并且有可能没有一位知名作家的所有作品都保留了下来。Section IV Writing 51.【参考范文】Dear professors,I,on behalf of the Students Union,am writing this letter to invite all of you to attend the graduation ceremony.The ceremony will be held in the Sports Hall of our university on this Friday morning,from 9 a.m.to 11 a.m.The detai

46、ls about the ceremony are as follows.First and foremost,the president will make a speech for the graduates,blessing them to have a bright future.In addition,several experts will be invited to issuing certificates to all the graduates.It would be a great honor for us to have the accompany of all of y

47、ou in the graduation ceremony.Therefore,we all hope that you can spare your time to attend it and we are looking forward to your reply to tell us whether you can attend it or not on that day.Your sincerely,Li Ming 52.【参考范文】Exhibited in the cartoon is a sarcastic scene that sitting before a computer,

48、a college student is choosing his optional class,wondering and pondering whether he should choose an easier course or a tougher but creative course.Simple as the picture is,the symbolic meaning it conveys is profound and thought-provoking.It is beyond doubt that the painter aims to tell us that ever

49、yone,especially college students,should have the spirit of creation and innovation.To put it another way,innovation is an essential and indispensable role for anyone who wants to succeed.This can be directly attributed to the fact that one may be caught in dilemma,at least once in life.Such a dilemm

50、a may coincidentally be most difficult period in his life.Then there are two choices before him:making a creative choice or an easier one.If he chooses the former and tries to break through the barrier,difficult as it will be,success will be the result one day.However,although it seems to be much ea

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