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1、2014考研英语二真题（文字完整版）Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisntalwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave_1_thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhic
2、hbeingoverweightisactually_2_.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen._3_amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan_4_ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater_5_isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined_6_bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI_7_bodymassdivi
3、dedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,_8_,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbod
4、yfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweigh
5、taresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslon
6、gbeenaprobleminschools.Negativeattitudestowardobesity,_18_inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity_19_.Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MichelleObamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign_20_childhoodobesity,ev
7、enclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.1.AdeniedBconducedCdoubledDensured2.AprotectiveBdangerousCsufficientDtroublesome3.AInsteadBHoweverCLikewiseDTherefore4.AindicatorBobjectiveCoriginDexample5.AimpactBrelevanceCassistanceDconcern6.AintermsofBincaseofCinfavorofDinof7.AmeasuresB
8、determinesCequalsDmodifies8.AinessenceBincontrastCinturnDinpart9.AcomplicatedBconservativeCvariableDstraightforward10.AsoBunlikeCsinceDunless11.AshapeBspiritCbalanceDtaste12.AstartBqualityCretireDstay13.AstrangeBchangeableCnormalDconstant14.AoptionBreasonCopportunityDtendency15.AemployedBpicturedCim
9、itatedDmonitored16.ABcombinedCsettledDassociated17.AEvenBStillCYetDOnly18.AdespisedBcorrectedCignoredDgrounded19.AdiscussionsBbusinessesCpoliciesDstudies20.AforBagainstCwithDwithoutSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor
10、D.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,sh
11、ecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquic
12、klywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.Thissli
13、mvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemosthappinessbangforyourbuck.Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishar
14、dlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonaldsrestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.Re
15、adersofHappyMoneyareclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasur
16、eofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthorspolicyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase? AAb
17、ighouse BAspecialtour CAstylishcar DArichmeal22.TheauthorsattitudetowardAmericanswatchingTVis Acritical Bsupportive Csympathetic Dambiguous23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat Aconsumersaresometimesirrational Bpopularityusuallycomesafterquality Cmarketingtricksareaftereffective Draritygenerall
18、yincreasespleasure24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney Ahasleftmuchroomforreaderscriticism Bmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase Chaspredictedawiderincomegapintheus Dmaygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto Abalancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney Bspendlargesumsofmoneywoninlot
19、teries Cobtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent DbecomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuriesText2AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyouremorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancing
20、strategiestoresearchintowhatthecalltheaboveaverageeffect,orillusorysuperiority,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothersallobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Web
21、ecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwerehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoident
22、ifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselvesfromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,isanautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-w
23、hichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothough
24、tthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.Idontthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion,saysEpley.Itsareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves.Ifyouaredepressed,youwontbesel
25、f-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpleysstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydontevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancersparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intel
26、lectandlifestyleitsnotthatpeoplesprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWisconMadisonuniversity,buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat_. Aourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh Billusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect Courneedforleader
27、shipisunnatural Dself-enhancingstrategiesareineffective27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeoples_ Arapidwatching Bconsciouschoice Cintuitiveresponse Dautomaticself-defence28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto_ Aunderestimatetheirinsecurities Bbelieveintheirattractiveness Ccoveruptheir
28、depressions Doversimplifytheirillusions29.ThewordViscerally(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_. Ainstinctively Boccasionally Cparticularly Daggressively30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancersparadisebecausepeoplecan_. Apresenttheirdishonestprofiles Bdefinetheirtraditionallifestyles Csharethei
29、rintellectualpursuits DwithholdtheirunflatteringsidesText3Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomforubleandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(毁灭性的)tragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislike
30、lytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingformrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotionaltears.S
31、inceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponset,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoclicitassistanceformothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vo
32、calcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention,So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress,UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyi
33、solatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposureto=cutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.AtTu
34、laneUniversitysTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(药物),todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesofdryeyesyndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvir
35、onmentalpollutants.AtColumbiaUniversityDt.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.31.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat_.A)sheddingtearsgivesunpl
36、easantfeelingstoAmericanB)cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedyC)cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeopleD)onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed32.Whatdoesboththoseresponsestotears(Line6,Para,1)referto?A)Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.B)Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensation
37、oftheobservers.C)Thetearsheddersapologyandtheobserversefforttostopthecrying.D)Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.33.Counterproductive(Lines6-7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans_.A)havingnoeffectatallB)leadingtotensionC)producingdisastrousimpactD)harmfultohealth34.Whatdoestheautho
38、rsayaboutcrying?A)Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment.B)Itmusthavearoletoplayinmanssurvival.C)Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.D)Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?A)Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.B)Exposuretoexcessivemed
39、icationmayincreaseemotionaltears.C)Emotionaltearscangiverisetodryeyesyndromeinsomecases.D)Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.Text4Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.Wh
40、yisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocuse
41、delsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.
42、Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiesca
43、nborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopment
44、sfromrevenues.Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoal
45、itionsspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.36.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector_ Ahasattractedmuchattention Binvolvescertainpoliticalfactors Cshoulderstoomuchresponsibility D
46、haslostitsrealvalueineconomy37.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas_ Aincreaseditshomesupply Bofferedspendingopportunities Csufferedgovernmentbiases Ddisappointedthegovernment38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay_. Aallowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing Bstoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes Cp
47、reparetoreducehousingstockdebt DreleasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast39.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould_. Alowerthecostsofregisteredproviders Blessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference Ccontributetofundingnewdevelopments Drelievetheministersofresponsibilities40.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay_. Aimplementmorepoliciestosupporthousing Breviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants Crenewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme DstopgenerousfundingtothehousingsectorSectionIIITranslationDirections:Tr