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1、考研英语词汇,A,考研英语词汇,词汇的定义 词汇的重要性单词的构成单词的演变单词的记忆生词的处理我的词汇量,词汇的重要性,学英语就像盖房子，单词是砖瓦。In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive
2、, or well-connected.,单词的构成,Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, a
3、nd museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.,OUTLINE,Derivatives 派生词 Compounds 复合词Lexical change 词汇演变,Note the difference between (1, 2) and 3.,1. Derivatives,derivative,prefix,bound,free,affix,root,suffix,infix,speaker,speaker,teeth,disap
4、pear,receive,a. n. v. adv.,2. Compounds,compound,Adj.,Verb,Noun,Pron.,Adv.,Prep.,airplane (n.+n.), meantime (a.+n.),one-way (num.+n.), well-known (adv.+pp.),sleepwalk (n.+v.), whitewash (a.+v.),forever (prep.+adv.), anywhere (a.+adv.),into (adv.+prep.), within (prep.+adv.),myself (pron.+n.), anythin
5、g (a.+n.),3. Lexical change,Abbreviation,Invention,Acronym,Blending,Back-formation,Kodak, Coke, nylon,ad, plane, flu, lab,smog, telecast,WTO, VIP, TOEFL,edit, lase,Borrowing,hamburger, kung-fu,单词的记忆,生词是什么？记什么？怎么记?如何用词典？,Enriching Word Power,The increase of vocabulary is embodied not only in quantity
6、 but also in quality.,Warm-up: Two puzzles,We cant memorize the new words.,We often refer to the dictionary.,What methods do we use?Why arent they effective?What words cant we memorize?Is it necessary to learn the words?,Why do we often refer to the dictionary?When should we use the dictionary?How d
7、o we use the dictionary?How should we use the dictionary?,OUTLINE,What are new? What to memorize?How to remember?How to use a dictionary?,No use talking about enhancing word power without extensive reading.,1. What are new?,Technical use of familiar word forms,Completely new word forms,Figurative us
8、e of familiar word forms,New meanings of familiar word forms,Idiomatic use of familiar word forms,filter, cramp, sprawl, flick, itinerant, etc.,depression: 忧郁症, 萧条, 低压带, 俯角,pound, horse around, consumed with, etc.,talk with your head, wrestle with himself,get the better of, under the table, a bear h
9、ug,2. What to memorize?,A word has 3 components: sound, form, meaning.,In listening, we need to recognize the sound and meaning.In reading, we need to recognize the form and meaning.,Not all words are equally important.,What we should commit to memory are words we meet frequently in different contex
10、ts.,3. How to remember?,Pronunciation: principle, principalFormation: export import transportClassification: SundayMonday, studentteacherSynonymy: bare bald empty, admit confessAntonymy: hate-love, similar-differentCollocation: phrases (v. + n. / prep.)Contextualization: sayings, texts, songs, movie
11、s, etc,Any other ways?,Association,4. How to use a dictionary?,A dictionary should be used as a tool instead of a crutch.,The meaning of a word is its use in the language.,An all-English dictionary is advised.,Familiarize yourself with the dictionary.,生词的处理,遇到生词怎么办？生词意思怎么猜？,HandlingNew Words,张Andy h
12、ttp:/,Warm-up Questions,How do you cope with new words?Why do you ignore some of the new words?When do you guess the word meaning?How do you guess the word meaning?,OUTLINE,Formation,CompoundDerivative (affix+root),Definition, example, restatement, Compare, contrast, etc.,General knowledgeBackground
13、 knowledge,Knowledge,Context,1 Formation,China, is the most populous state in the world.,人口众多的，人口稠密的,Reading is a means of language acquisition.,获得，得到，习得,时间段，时间范围内；毫秒,In this case, we often have to come up with a word in the timeframe of milliseconds.,2 Context,Inflation is a rise in the general lev
14、el of prices you pay for things you buy.,通货膨胀,I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give it up easily.,坚决的，刚毅的,2 Context,She is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye.,青光眼，绿内障,The snow was falling. Big flakes drifted with the wind like feathers.,碎片，薄片，雪花,2 Context,Jane was talki
15、ng with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time.,不轻易暴露思想或感情的;有保留的,Petra has so many friends because she is a gregarious person.,爱交际的，合群的,3 Knowledge,The door was so slow that I hit my head on the lintel.,楣，过梁,In India, the parents of a girl must come up with a respectable dowry. If a good
16、dowry is not made, the girl is unlikely to have a good match.,嫁妆,Exercises,For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.,n.& int. 万岁,Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he
17、came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.”,n.披风,斗篷; 外套; 借口,掩饰; vt. 遮盖，掩盖,Exercises,Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign.,vt.
18、 减轻，缓和,If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed.,n.前景； 期望； 眺望处； 景象,我的词汇量,我的词汇数量我的词汇质量,Word Power,Knowledge is not power yet.,OUTLINE,How many words can you recognize?How well do you know the words?How often do you use them?,1. How
19、 many?,2. How well?,Expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.That seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.Deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net.Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign.,3. How often?,How often do you meet them in reading and listening?How often do you use them in writing and speaking?,Reading,Writing,Listening,Speaking,Receptive,Active,Obscure,