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1、语法复习：非谓语动词考点易错点归纳非谓语动词包括不定式（to do, to be done, to have done, to have been done、现在分词doing, being done, having done, having been done、过去分词done和动名词doing, being done, having done, having been done)。考点一：非谓语动词作主语（可以作主语的非谓语动词有_和_)1.动名词作主语表示抽象的、习惯性的动作；不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的行为。1)_(climb) mountains is a good way to
2、 keep fit.2)_(complete）this novel is not an easy job.2.It is/was + adj. + for/ of sb to do sth( for sb.中的形容词表示_的性质，of sb.中的形容词表示_的特征。）1)It is stupid _ you to believe that.2)It is easy _ me to learn how to drive.3.开车回家经常花我15分钟的时间。（汉译英）4.1)It is no use _(cry) over the spilt milk.2)It is no good _(tell
3、) himhe wont listen.3)Its uselessto complain(抱怨）.Its uselessworryingabout it. 4)Its a waste of timeto waitany longer.Its a waste of timearguingwith him.5)It is worthwhileto consider/consideringthe plan.这个计划值得考虑。5.1）Marys/ Hercoming late made the teacher angry.2)I dont mindyou/ your/ Li Huas / Li Hua
4、smoking here.考点二：非谓语动词作宾语（可以作宾语的非谓语动词有_和_)1.不定式作宾语（主语+谓语动词+to do 主语+谓语+ it + adj./ n. + to do)1)I expect _(visit) her. 2) I found it hard _(understand) her.2.疑问词+ to do结构1)I didnt know how I could get back to the village.=I didnt know how _(get) back to the village.2)We are talking about _ to do nex
5、t.3)We are considering _to have a picnic or not .巧记跟不定式作宾语的动词：同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙，准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望，不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心强。2.动名词作宾语主语+谓语+ doing/being done; 介词（after/ by/ with/ without/ to）+动名词1)I considering _(change) my job. 2) After _(try) hard, I got a job in a bank.跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语）：consider, suggest, advise, l
6、ook forward to,avoid, miss, keep/ keep on, practice,finish, enjoy, cant help , mind, allow/permit,risk, imagine, set about, succeed in, insist on,be busy (in) , get/be used to, give up,have difficulty/trouble (in)3.既可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式作宾语的动词1)remember to do_remember doing _(forget, regret)2)ry to do _try
7、doing _ 3)mean to do _mean doing_4)cant help ( to ) do_cant help doing_5)stop/ go on to do_ stop/ go on doing _考点过关：(5-9题为单句改错）1.They stopped _(listen), but there was no sound. 2.You must get used to _(get) up early.3.How can you continue _(work) with all that noise going on?4.Its difficult to imagi
8、ne his _(accept) his enemys invitation.5.My father wanted teach me about animals, insects(昆虫）and trees. (改错）6.She hit my face heavily and I couldnt help cry. 7.We are having trouble raise money for the homeless.8.When I was young, my grandma used to holding me on her knees.9.Smile is the key to solv
9、e any problem.考点三：非谓语动词作定语1.现在分词作定语：现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示动作的主动和进行。现在分词的被动形式作定语，表示正在进行的被动动作。1)Thesleepingbaby is Jims brother. 2)The girlstanding in the gardenis my sister.3)The housebeing builtwill be our classroom.2.过去分词作定语与所修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示该动作的被动完成。不及物动词的过去分词仅表完成。1)The concertheld yesterda
10、ywas a great success. 2)This is a toolused to make lanterns.3)The ground is covered withfallenleaves.3.不定式作定语不定时作定语，一般表示将来的动作1)I have a lot of workto do. 2)We are looking forward to the party to be held next weekend.序数词/形容词最高级/the last +(名词)+to do/ to be done1)Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman ast
11、ronaut _(enter) space.2)He is the best _(do) the job.抽象名词ability，idea, chance, hope, wish, promise, way等常用不定式作定语。1)The best way _(solve) the problem is to keep phoning him.2)The ability _(express) an idea is important.考点四：非谓语动词作表语1.不定式作表语，表示主语的内容，将来的动作、命令、建议、事态发展的结果1)My job is to clean the house thr
12、ee times a day.2)His dream is to be admitted to Tsinghua University.3)My dream is to become a musician.2.动名词作表语表示抽象的经常性的动作、习惯。His hobby is listening to traditional music.3.分词作表语:表示主语的某种性质或状态：主语+be/get/become/stay/ reamin+done 主语+be/系动词+doing1)We were greatly _(surprise) at the news that he was murde
13、red(谋杀）.2)The news that he was murdered was really _(surprise).考点五：非谓语动词作状语1.不定式作状语表示原因 （主语+系动词+形容词+to do)1)be +情感形容词（afraid, sad, sorry, pleased, glad, ready乐意的，surprised, amazed, shocked等）+to do,说明产生该情感的原因。She is afraid _(be) here alone.They were surprisedto be informed of the news.2)be+性质形容词（easy
14、, hard, difficult, interesting等）+to do,说明主语的特征、性质。这台电脑很难操作（汉译英）。吉姆很容易相处（汉译英）。2.不定式作状语表目的(to do；in order（not）to do; * so as (not) to do不能放在句首)1)He stopped the car _(take) a short break as he was feeling tired.2)He put down my phone number _（为了不忘记）it.3.不定式做结果状语1)Her son is old enough _(dress) himself.
15、2)The problem is too difficult (for us) _(solve).3)He hurried to the airport,only to findthe plane had taken off. (表示出乎意料的结果）4)An earthquake struck this area last night,causinggreat damage.(表示自然而然的、情理之中的结果）4.现在分词作状语1)Lookingout of the window, I can see the sonw-covered mountains.(时间，前面可加when/while）2
16、)Not knowinghis address, I didnt know how to find him.（原因）3)Ifcomingby car, please take A10. (条件，一般和if/unless连用）4)He had a longtalk with her,explainingwhat had happened. (伴随）5)Sittingnear the fire, I still felt cold. (让步,前面可加though/although, even if/ though等）6)He camerunningall the way. (方式）归纳：现在分词作
17、状语时动作是谁发出的？和谓语动词的先后关系？7)Having finishedhis homework, he went to play volleyball.8)Having been praisedby his mother, he was very proud.5.过去分词作状语1)Seenfrom the plane, the islands are extremely beautiful. (时间）2)Once published, the book became a hit.（when, while, once等连词常可用在过去分词前面）3)Deeply moved, he cou
18、ldnt help weeping(流泪）. (原因）4)Driven carefully, the car should last a long time. (条件）5)If left in the sun, the cloth will lose color. 6)We wont comeunless invited. 7)Mr. Smith,followed by his wife, came to greet us. (伴随）8)I often sat on the bank of the river,lost in dreams.9)His ideas,though much inf
19、luenced by the younger generation, are still very traditional. (让步）10)Even if invited, she wont go. (多由although, though, even if/though引导）归纳总结：过去分词（短语）作状语时动作和句子主语之间是什么关系？分词动作和谓语动词的先后关系如何？6.独立主格结构结构作状语，有时分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致，这时分词就需要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构:名词/代词+doing/done/to do 名词+adj./adv./介词短语， 在句中表时间、原因、条件
20、、伴随等。1)His motherbeing ill, he has to stay at home to look after her.2)All proplemssolved, he felt relaxed.3)Lots of workto do, I have to stay up every day.4)My brother rushed in, a toy in his hand.考点过关：1._(catch) the early flight, we got up early. 2._(work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his
21、 report on time.3.The animals were too nervous _(eat) before the earthquake.4.Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way _(use) the sun and the stars.5.Weather _(permit), we are going to visit you tomorrow.6.He got up early to go to school, only _(find) it was Sunday.7._(encourage) by his parent
22、s, he decided to learn English well.8.Heard the news, they all jumped with joy.(改错）9.Comparing with other boys, he is more outgoing and active.（改错）10.All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. (改错）考点六：非谓语动词作宾语补足语和主语补足语1.不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语：主语+及物动词（短语
23、）+宾语+to do做宾语补足语(特殊情况也有省略to的）主语+ be done(被动语态）+to do作主语补足语动词allow/permit/ tell, wish/ forbid/ advise, persuade/encourage, wnat/ expect等+sb + to do sth1)We all expect him _(win) the contest.2)Our teacher told us _(listen) carefully in class.3)We are not allowed _(smoke) in publis places.2.感官动词/使役动词+宾
24、语+省略to的不定式：口诀：五看二听一感觉，let, have加make,help之后或省或留不算错，被动语态要注意，不定式带to莫忘记。1)The manager had his assitantbuysome hot dogs. 2)I saw Jackgoout with some books just now.3)He was made _(work) for more than fifteen hours a day.4)Im sorry, but I cant help cleaning the classroom because I have a bad headache.(改错
25、）3.主语+be said/ reported/ believed等+ to do/ to be doing/ to have done1)He is saidto goabroad next week. 2)He is saidto be studyingin the USA.3)He is saidto have finishedhis report. 4)The book is saidto have been translatedinto several languages.4.分词做宾语补足语感官动词watch/ notice/ see/ observe/ feel等+宾语+ doi
26、ng/ done使役动词make/ have/ get/ leave/keep等+宾语+宾补(make sb./sth do/ done; get/leave sb./sth to do/ doing done; keep sb./sth. doing/ done)1)Dont leave her _(wait) outside in the rain.2)I heard Susan _(sing) in the next room.3)I heard the song _(sing) many times.4)There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself _(hear).5.with复合结构中作宾补的非谓语动词：with+宾语+doing(主动，进行）/ done(被动、完成）/ to do (将来）1)With all my money _(use) up, I had to borrow some from Lily.2)With so much work _(do) , I cant spare a minute.3)With a guide _(lead) us, we found the old temple without any difficulty.14学科网（北京）股份有限公司