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1、状语从句中的虚拟语气状语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在 if 引导的条件句中的用法三点：从句（条件）主句（目的）表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主语+动词的过去式（be用 were）主语+would(should could might)+动词原型表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句If+主语+had+动词的过去分词主语+would（should could might）+have+动词的过去分词表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主语+should（were to）+动词原型/动词的过去式主语+would（could should might）+动词原型混合条件句主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气有
2、时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。含蓄条件句有时虚拟条件句并没用 if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，but for）上下文或其他方式来表示。1.条件暗含在短语中；2.条件暗含在上下文中；3.虚拟式变为习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。跳层虚拟句（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气） He would put on weight, but he doesnt eat much. (与现在事实相反) He would have put on weight, but he didnt eat mu
3、ch. (与过去事实相反) 条件从句中省略 if 采用倒装语序的情况在 if 引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词 if 省去，而将 had，should，were 等助动词提到主语之前。例：原句：If she were younger, she would do it. 去 if：Were she younger, she would do it.虚拟语气在 as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句中1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。第 1 页 共 7 页2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。3表示与将来事实相反注意：1.在
4、as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。例：He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though 或 as if 引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。虚拟语气用在 lest，for fear that，so that 及 in order that 引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思谓语动词多用 should/could/might+动词原型构成由“providing（that）/provided（that）/on condition that/suppose（that）/supp
5、osing（that） ”引导的条件从句根据情况，1.可以用虚拟语气。 例：suppose /supposing that it rained, we shouldnt go out. 2.也可以用陈述语气。 例：They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon.“In case”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，也可以用虚拟语气（should）+动词原型例：1. The game will be put off in case it (should) snow. 2. The game will be put off
6、in case it snows.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时，或would，could，might+现在完成时。一：宾语从句中的虚一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气拟语气1.在动词在动词 wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气拟语气对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形” 。第 2 页 共 7 页均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气， “should”常被省略。常用的此类动词有：表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propos
7、e, suggest, recommend, advise.表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“同意，坚持”的：insist表示“决定，命令”的：decide, order在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气注意：suggest, insist 不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。在expect，believe，think，suspect 等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气经常用“should+动词原型（或完成形式） ，表示惊奇，
8、怀疑，不满等情绪。谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔” 。Would rather，had rather，后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气注意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，would rather 后用动词原型 2.would rather.than中用动词原型主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气表达形式为 should+动词原形或省略 should常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirabl
9、e，strange。“It is(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that.”结构中的虚拟语气注意：在上述所列形容词后面用 that 引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。例：I dont think it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.(汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的)第 3 页 共 7 页表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。在“It is (was)+名词+that.”结构句中的虚拟语气这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，
10、idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder 等。表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气表达形式为 should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。 （should 可省）某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气这类名词常见的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。在在 It is
11、(about/high) time+that 定语从句中的虚拟语气定语从句中的虚拟语气其动词形式用一般过去时或 should+动词原型（should 不可省）表示“该做.的时候了”注意：在 this is the first time/ second time that.句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。第 4 页 共 7 页If only 引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气If only 引出感叹句，意思是“要是.多好” ，表示说话人的一种愿望。例：If only he didnt drive so fast!(现在)If only the rain would sto
12、p.(将来)Look at the terrible situation I am in !if only I had followed your advice(过去)虚拟语气 2012、2013、2014 年高考原题1.（2014 北京卷）34. We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.A. areB. were C. will beD. would be2.（2014 福建卷）32. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get ne
13、ws from around the world. A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been3.（2014 湖南卷）22.If Mr. Dewey _ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.A. were B. had been C. should be D. was4.（2014 陕西卷）23. We would rather our daughter _ at home with u
14、s, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay5.（2014 天津卷）15. _ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught6.（2014 浙江卷 ）16. They were abroad during the mo
15、nths when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ to our help. A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come7.（2014 重庆卷）13.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _it?A. had doneB. have done C. didD. am doing8.（2013 重庆）29. - It rained cats and dogs t
16、his morning. Im glad we took an umbrella. - Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _ A. hadnt B. havent C. didnt D. dont 9. (2013 安徽）28. I _to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone 10.(2013 辽宁）31. Harry is feeling uncomfo
17、rtable. He _ too much at the party last night. A. could drink B. should drink C. would have drunk D. must have drunk 11（2013 陕西）21. The children_ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get 12. (2
18、013 四川）5. Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last night. Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report. 第 5 页 共 7 页 A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont 13. (2013 北京）34. If we_ a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue. A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked 14, (2013 福建）
19、30. -Do you think George has passed the driving test? -No. If so, he _ his car to our college yesterday. A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven15. （2013 江苏）30. I should not have laughed if I _you were serious. A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought16. （2013 陕西）1
20、2. My mom suggests that we_ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would 17. （2013 天津）14. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he _able to speak it much better now. A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been 18. (2013 浙江）8. Eye doctors r
21、ecommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old. A. was B. be C. were D. is19. (2012 浙江）Had they known what was coming next, they_ second thoughts.A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had20.（2012 天津）We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold_ us a ride h
22、omeA. didnt offer B. wouldnt offer C. hasnt offered D. hadnt offered21.（2012 江西）We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.A. may not B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt22.（2012 安徽） Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she_ there, she wouldnt be able to se
23、e her parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live24. （2012 湖南）Sorry, I am too busy now, if I time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.A. have had B. had had C. have D. had25.（2012 江苏） Happy birthday! C. wouldnt D. mightntThank you! Its the best present I _ for.
24、A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished26.（2012 山东）If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.A. havent made B. wouldnt make C. didnt make D. hadnt made27.（2012 北京）We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A.
25、should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced28.（2012 北京）Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been29.（2012 福建）We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_ more places of interest yesterday.A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited第 6 页 共 7 页 答案:DABCD AAADD AADCC ABBDD BDDDD DCBD第 7 页 共 7 页