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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专升本常见词汇辨析总结常见动词辨析：1. 击，打：hit, beat, defeat, strike单词含义例句hit打中或对准某一点打(一次击打)hit sb. on the headbeat连续的敲击The raining is beating against the widow.defeat打败某人或集体 (强调结果)We defeated the enemy.strike用木棒石头等打；打动（抽象意义）I was struck by her beauty.2. 穿：dress, put on, wear, have on单词含义 例句dressdress sb
2、.+in； be dressed inShe was dressed in red.put on穿上，强调动作Put on your coat when you go out.wear穿着，带着，强调状态 佩戴首饰、眼镜等He seldom wears a watch.have on 强调状态，一般不用现在分词和被动语态He always has dark glasses on.3. 适合：suit, match, fit单词含义 例句suit花色、款式适合，或与气质、身材等相称This dress doesnt suit me. Have you got another style?matc
3、h搭配合适，性质相符The color of the shirt doesnt match that of the tie.fitfit尺寸、大小、形状合适The key doesnt fit the lock.4. 花费：take, spend, cost, pay 单词含义 例句takeIt takes sb.+time+to do sth. 做某事需要时间It took me 15 minutes to finish this job.spendSb.spend(s) +time/money+(in) doing sth.I spent 15 minutes doing this wor
4、k.coststh. cost(s) +sb.+money 某物花费了某人钱This book cost me 8 dollars.paypay sb. pay(s) +money+forsth.I paid 8 dollars for this book.5. 参加: attend, join, join in, take part in, enter for单词含义 例句attend参加婚礼、会议、上课、听报告等attend a meetingjoin=become a member of加入某个团体或组织join the students unionjoin in参加某项活动join i
5、n the discussion take part in take part in 参加群众性活动，强调在该项活动中发挥了一定作用take part insocial activitiesenter for报名参加某项比赛或考试enter for the race6. 毁坏：damage/destroy/ruin单词含义 例句damage价值、用途降低或外表损坏My house was damaged in the heavy rain.destroy彻底毁坏，很难修复The big fire destroyed the little town.ruin逐渐毁掉，常含比喻的隐含意义My br
6、eakfast was ruined by what you said.7. 发现：find, find out, discover, invent单词含义 例句find侧重发现的结果He finally found his key.find out经过研究或询问查明某事或真相I will find out what happened.discover偶然或经过努力发现原来存在但不为人所 知的事物The scientists can discover more secrets of the universe.invent运用智慧发明新事物Thomas Edison invented the l
7、ight bulb.8. 改变：change, alter, vary, turn单词含义 例句change翻天覆地大变化，变得与原物完全不同I have changed my mind.alter局部的、外表的变化，本质不变This dress need altering a little.vary一系列变化，强调种类多样，连续变化Customs vary with the times.turn变成，强调变化的结果In this cartoon fairy tale, a prince turns into a frog.9 得到: achieve, acquire, gain, obtai
8、n单词含义 例句achieve由于努力，克服困难后达到 目标Achieve ones goalacquire经过努力获得的知识、技术等抽象东西，或养成习惯等acquire a bad habitgain通过竞争或战争，历尽艰幸获得有价值的东西No pains, no gains.obtain通过乞求或长时间付出代价得到渴望的东西obtain employment10.要求：request, require, demand 单词含义 例句request有礼貌的请求；正式的请求Many people requested another song.require要求所必需的东西；法律、协议、规章以及
9、其他客观情况的要求All passengers are required to show their tickets.demand主观要求，坚决或强 烈要求They are demanding higher wages.单词用法requestrequest sb. to do sth. request that sb. should do sth.requirerequire sb. to do sth. require that sb. should do sth. require doing=require to be donedemanddemand to do sth. demand
10、that sb. should do sth.11.separate, divide单词含义 用法separate把从中分离出来 (把原来是一个整体的， 或靠近的东西分离出来)separatefrom divide把分成 (把一个整体分成若干部分）divideinto 12. 发生: take place, happen, occur, come about, break out单词含义 例句take place按照安排，有计划地发生、举行The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing.happen偶然或突发事件的发生I happened to
11、see a car accident.occur发生, 突然想到It occurs to me that come about事情已经发生, 但不知道原因, 多用于否定和疑问I dont know what have come about. break out战争、疾病、灾难等的突然爆发A fire broke out last night while we were sleeping.14. 建议：advise, suggest, persuade 单词含义 用法advise建议,劝告advise sb. to do sth. advise doing sth. advise that sb
12、. (should) do sth. advise = try to persuadesuggest建议suggest to sb. suggest doing sth. suggest that sb. (should) do sth.persuade说服,劝服 (强调结果)persuade sb. To do sth. persuade sb. into doing sth. persuade sb. out of doing sth.15. 看：glance, glare, glimpse, stare, peer, peep, gaze, gape单词含义 例句glance(粗略地，随
13、便地) 一瞥She gave him a quick glance and smiled.glare怒目而视They glared at each other after a big fight. glimpse一瞥，看一眼I caught a glimpse of that girl.stare盯着 (粗鲁无礼的)I told him not to stare at her; its rude.peer费力地看She has to peer at things because of her short sight.peep窥视，偷看The mother peeped into the bed
14、room.gaze凝视，目不转睛地看He gazed at his beautiful bride.gape吃惊地看着The children gaped at the dinosaur model in the museum.16. 宣布：declare, announce, proclaim单词主语 宾语场合declare则既可以是权力机关或政府首脑，也可以是普通个人重要的决策、举措或意见主要用于正式场合，也可用于非正式场合announce公众关心的，特别是具有新闻性的事件可以用于一般场合，也可用于官方正式公告proclaim只能是权力机关或政府首脑指意义重大的事情正式场合17. cons
15、ist of/be made up of/be composed of单词用法例句consist of无被动，无进行时Our team consists of five doctors and two nurses.be made up of被动形式，无进行时Our life is made of choices.be composed of被动形式，无进行时Every substance is composed of very small particles called molecules.18. 辨析：represent/stand for/on behalf of单词含义 例句stan
16、d for 代表；象征。侧重于用另外的东西代表或表示What does a yellow rose stand for? on behalf of 代表(某人或某组织)；为了的利益On behalf everyone here, I wish you a very happy holiday. represent指有代表性或象征性地描述或讲述This picture represents a storm at sea.19. cross/across/over/through单词含义 例句cross穿过；十字路口Be careful when you cross the street. acr
17、oss从一边到另一边，从表面穿过；在.对面Go across the bridge, you will see a building. My house is across the Central Plaza. through从内部穿过The elephant cant go through the gate.over从上空越过，翻越过去climbed over the hill; jump over the deskThe bird flew over the river.20. rise, raise, arise, arouse 单词含义 例句rise不及物(rose, risen)日月
18、云雾烟热气，物价河水温度计，起床起立与起义皆由rise升上去。The sun rose at seven oclock. The price is rising. Jane rose slowly from the chair. arise不及物(arose, arisen)多用于问题、困难、分歧等出现、由.引起How did the quarel arise? Problems arose from the lack of communication. raise及物(raised, raised)招募、募捐、饲养、养育、提高、举起用raise Salaries have now been
19、raised. They perform to raise money for the poor. arouse及物(aroused, 同)唤起(兴趣、同情心等)、唤醒某人He fell asleep. Dont arouse him. The lecture aroused my interest. 练习：(1) He _and walked downstairs. (2) They _glasses to their friendship. (3) Steam is _from the kettle. (4) They have _up to 20,000 yuan for the Hop
20、e Project. (5) When the question_, no now could solve it. 答案：(1) rose (2) raised (3) rising (4) raised (5) arose 21. refuse/deny/reject/decline 单词含义 用法deny 否认(某事的真实性)+n./代词/动名词/that从句拒绝给予某人想要的东西deny sb sth. refuse坚决地、不客气地拒绝+n./代词/不定式reject拒绝、驳回(正式、语气更强)+n./代词/动名词decline婉言拒绝、谢绝refuse politelyEg. She
21、refuse to help me. He denied what he had done. Dont deny yourself pleasure. 不要有乐不享。 练习：(1) Are you still mad at her? Not really, but I cant _ that her remarks hurt me. A. deny B. refuse C. reject D. decline(2) She _my invitation because of a previous appointment. A. refused B. declined C. deny D. re
22、ject (3) The soldiers were put into prison because they_to obey orders. A. rejected B. declined C. objected D. refused 22. desire/hope/want/wish 单词含义 例句desire指由于愿望强烈而迫切希望、渴望I desire to see you. 我很想见到你。He desires success. 他渴望成功。 hope指希望某人有一个良好的结果，而且这种希望是可能得到满足的I hope to be a doctor. I hope that she w
23、ill recover soon. wish常表示难以实现的愿望，所以其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气I wish to be a millionaire. I wish you to be happy. 我希望你幸福。I wish that I would fly to the moon one day. I wish you success. 祝你成功。搭配：desire to do sth. desire sth. hope to do sth. hope +that从句 wish to do sth. wish sb to do sth. wish that + 虚拟语气 wish sb st
24、h. (跟双宾语)23. hurt, wound, injure 单词含义 例句hurt使人的肉体受伤而疼痛，或伤了人的自尊心或感情。Mary hurt herself when she fell over.Thatll hurt her feeling.harm对身体或精神上的伤害，常指伤害人的肉体、身心健康、事业等。Overdrinking will harm your stomach. Those fairy tales wont harm our students. wound一般指严重的外伤，主要指在战场上受伤，作vt.，宾语是人，而不是受伤部位。He got wounded in
25、the war. The bullet wounded him in the shoulder.injure一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤。Tom injured his leg in a skating accident.注意：wound n. 创伤；伤口 v.伤，伤害 wounded adj. 负伤的，受了伤（害）的injured adj. 受伤的，受损害的 常见名词辨析：1.标记：sign, signal, symbol, mark单词含义 例句sign符号、招牌、征兆，代表固定意义的符号或标记Raising a finger to the lips is a sign for silen
26、ce.signal信号，被用作交通、通讯的指示或传递消息的一种手势或声音、光等The traffic signal turns to green. symbol记号或象征，尤其指用有形实物代表抽象的实体What is the chemical symbol for copper?mark斑点、标记、刻度,为某一特定目的 而做的标记或有意无意留下的痕迹a burn/scratch mark2. 道路，入口：way, means, method, manner, approach单词含义 例句way方式，方法(普通用词)Ill answer your question in another way
27、.means 实现目的的任何手段，或使用交通工具的方式。The money wasnt earned by honest means. method指有条理的，系统的办法，特别指新的办法。Have you tried the new method? the proper method of brushing teeth manner 特殊的或怪异的方式、方法Why are you talking in such a strange manner?approach解决一特定问题的方法，尤其是经过深思熟虑的方法I dont like her approach to the problem. 搭配：
28、way to do/of doing，前面接in(He did this in this way. )method of，前面接with(He earns money with the method of stealing money.)by means of(He went to school by means of taking a bus.)approach ton. /doing(the approach to the question)access(接近或进入某地的)方法、通道Theonlyaccesstothefarmhouseisacrossthefield.(使用某物或接近某人
29、的)机会或权利Studentsmusthaveaccesstogoodlibraryapproach接近，靠近When I approached, they grew silent.解决一特定问题的方法，尤其是经过深思熟虑的方法Haveyoufoundacorrectapproachtothesubject？3. 习惯: tradition, habit, custom, practice单词含义 例句tradition传统，长时间形成并能传递给下一代的习惯cultural tradition 文化传统habit个人长期养成的生活习惯或癖好He has a bad habit of smoki
30、ng.custom风俗习惯，一批人按照一定规律做的事情。It is the custom in China to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival. practice惯例，医生律师等职业人员的从业习惯Its his practice to read a book every week.4. 事情，事件：affair, accident, incident, event 单词含义 例句event重大事件或活动affair外交事件或公众关注的事件matter“事情”，普通用语，日常事务incident政治事件或发生令人讨厌的不寻常的事accident
31、意外的事5. 风景，景色: view, scene, scenery, sight单词含义 例句scene情景、场面等，指某处小范围的景色, 大多包括景物中的人及活动，为可数名词scenery景色、风景(是总称)，为不可数名词view指以一定的角度(从远处或高处)所看到的景色，还有观点、看法的意思sight眼睛所看到的美丽风景或悲惨景象，其复数sights表示名胜古迹，人文景观等6. 位置, 条件: situation, position, condition单词含义 例句situation侧重形式和环境in a dangerous situationposition侧重方位和位置; 处境ta
32、ke up a position in the unioncondition条件necessary conditionSituation: The combination of circumstances at a given moment; a state of affairs.Position: A place or location; Social standing or status; rank. Condition: A restricting or modifying factor.7. 薪水，收入: salary, pay, wage, income单词含义 例句salary按月
33、发的薪水，领取薪水者通常是经过培训而具有特殊技能或专门知识的人。可数或不可数The lawyer was paid a huge salary.pay因某项工作而获得的报酬，为不可数Your thanks are pay enough.wage一般指按星期甚至按天发的工资，领取工资者通常是做体力劳动的人。The low wage had warmed the worker to strike.income(定期)收入，所得(报酬)，投资的收益。Tourism is a major source of income for the country.salary: money that emplo
34、yees receive for doing their job, especially professional employees or people working in an office, usually paid every month.pay: the money that sb. gets for doing regular work.wage: a regular amount of money that you earn, usually every week, for work or services.income: the money that a person, a
35、region, a country, etc. earns from work, from investing money from business.8. 伤害: hurt, wound, injury单词含义 例句hurt可指精神上或肉体上的伤害,疼痛You hurt my feelings.wound刀枪所伤，或特指战场上受的伤The soldier got a wound in a battle.injury意外(火灾,车祸)中受伤； 精神或财产的损害；强 调身体功能的缺失。back injury9. result/consequence/effect/outcome单词含义 例句re
36、sult普通用语，指直接或间接、近因或 远因所引起的结果The students are anxious to know the result of the entrance examination. consequence指自然而然的或当然的结果If you behave so foolishly, be ready to bear the consequence. effect严格强调因果关系，指和cause直接相对应的结果They are invesgating the cause of the accident. outcome强调事件的特有的结局，表示终的结果The outcome
37、of the election was in doubt then. 10. jewel和jewelery(jewellery)单词含义例句 jewel“珠宝，首饰”，为可数名词, jewels为其复数。I wondered where he got all those jewels. He must have knocked them over.jewelery(jewellery)“珠宝”的总称，不能变复数。Jane always love beautiful clothes and jewelery but in fact she is big hat, no cattle.11. po
38、wer/energy/force/strength单词含义 power权力、职权，人工开发出的动力，如“电 源、电力”等energy物理学上的“热量、能量”; 自然界的 “能源”，人的“精力”force物理学中的“力”；也指“武力、暴力”strength体力，是内部的能力，是在身体内存在的 体力；还有“优势，长处”之意12. state/situation/circumstance单词含义 state“情况、状态”， 其存在形式并不是具体事物。普通用语situation指危急或重大的事态，侧重 “事态”。circumstance指某种事件或动作发生时的情 况，一般都用复数形式。常见形容词辨析：
39、1. common/general/normal/ordinary/usual单词含义 例句common共同的, 常见的 反义：rarecommon sense(常识)ordinary普通的, 平凡的 反义：superioran ordinary looking personusual通常的, 习惯的 反义：unusualHe arrived later than usual.normal正常的，常规的 反义：abnormalnormal temperaturegeneral总体上的 反义：specificthe general idea2. lonely/alone单词含义 例句lonely
40、强调主观上的“孤独感” I am alone, but I dont feel lonely. alone强调客观上的“一个人”3. 值: worth, worthy, worthwhile单词含义 例句worthbe worth + n. be worth doingThe book is worth 180 yuan. The novel is worth reading a second time.worthybe worthy of sth. be worthy of being done be worthy to be doneIt is worthy of our efforts.
41、 The novel is worthy to be read a second time.= The novel is worthy of being read.worthwhileIt is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth. It is worthwhile learning a foreign language. = It is worthwhile to learn a foreign language.4. specific/particular/especial/special单词含义 specific指某种事物的唯一性、奇异性，特种的(生物学)，
42、特效的(医学)particular侧重不同于普遍性的个性或特殊性especial尤其，特别，指有意把所修饰的人或物突出到显眼或例外的程度special指与众不同，着重事物的专门性、目的性常见短语辨析：1. 辨析：the first time和for the first time(1) I was struck by her beauty _ I met her. (2) Im not familiar with her. I met her _ .for the first time: 做状语 the first time: 做连词，引导时间状语从句2. 辨析：rather than和othe
43、r than 单词含义 例句other than除了I have nothing to do other than waiting for you.rather than而不是；宁愿而不愿I think Jack, rather than you, is to be blame.or rather更确切地说I am learning English. Or rather, I am learning how to learn English.3. 辨析：in charge of/ in the charge of单词含义 例句in charge of“负责，主管” 表示主动Class Five is in the charge of Miss Li; that is to say, Miss Li is in charge of Class Five. in the charge of“由管理” 表示被动4. in return/in turn/by turns单词含义 例句in return 作为回报/回应I sent him a present in return for his help.in turn