高考完型近义词辨析(共12页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 一、近义词辨析100组1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数, cloth指布,为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount后接不可数名词, number后接可数名词 a number of students4. family, house,

2、homehome 家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员. My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片,drawing画的画Lets go and see a good picture.7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,word具

3、体的单词He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation人口,人数,people具体的人 China has a large population.9. weather, climateweather一天内具体的天气状况,climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad具体的公路,马路,street街道,path小路,小径,way道路,途径take this road; in the street, show m

4、e the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse课程(可包括多门科目),subject科目(具体的学科)a summer course12. custom, habitcustom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接to do, habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接of doing. Ive got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接of sth./doing sth,reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接for sth./doing

5、 sth. the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise运动,锻炼(不可数),exercises练习(可数),practice(反复做的)练习 Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作课解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 516. speech, talk, lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说,talk日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话,lecture学术性的演讲,讲课

6、 a series of lecture on17. officer, officialofficer部队的军官,official政府官员 an army officer18. work, job二者均指工作。work不可数,job可数 a good job19. couple, paircouple主要指人或动物,pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers20. country, nation, state, landcountry侧重指版图,疆域,nation指人民,国民,民族,state侧重指政府,政体,land国土,国家 The whole nation wa

7、s sad at the news.21. cook, cookercook厨师,cooker厨具 He is a good cook.22. damage, damagesdamage不可数名词, 损害,损失; damages复数形式, 赔偿金 $900 damages23. police, policemanpolice警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.24. problem, questionproblem常和困难连系,前面的动词常为think about,

8、 solve, raise,question常和疑问连系,多和ask, answer连用25. man, a manman人类,a man一个男人 Man will conquer nature.26. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.27. telegram, telegraph当电报解时,telegram指具体的,telegraph指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph28. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,j

9、ourney指稍长的旅途,voyage指海上航行a three-day trip29. sport, gamesport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;game指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming.30. price, prizeprice价格,prize奖,奖品,奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low. 31. a number of, the number ofa number of许多,谓语动词用复数。the number of的数目,谓语动词用单数。The

10、number of students is increasing.32. in front of, in the front ofin front of范围外的前面,in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.33. of the day, of a dayof the day每一天的,当时的,当代的, of a day暂时的,不长久的 a famous scientist of the day34. three of us, the three of usthree of us我们(不止三个)中的三个,the three

11、 of us我们三个(就三个人)The three of us-Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.35. by bus, on the busby bus表手段,方式,不用冠词,on the bus表范围 They went there by bus.36. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment 片刻,一会儿,for the moment暂时,一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 37. next year, the next yearnext year将来时间状语,the ne

12、xt year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year一年多,more than one year超过一年(两年或三年等)39. take advice, take the(ones) advicetake advice征求意见,take the advice接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again.40. take air, take the airtake a

13、ir传播,走漏,take the air到户外去,散步 We take the air every day.41. in a word, in wordsin a word总之,一句话, in words口头上 In a word, you are right.42. in place of, in the place ofin place of代替,in the place of在地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.43. in secret, in the secretin secret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用

14、作状语;in the secret知道内情,知道秘密,一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.44. a girl, one girla girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box 45. take a chair, take the chairtake a chair相当于sit down坐下,take the chair开始开会46. go to sea, by sea, by the seago to sea当海员,出航,by sea乘船,由海路

15、, by the sea在海边 go by sea47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher指一个人,既是医生又是老师,the doctor and the teacher两个人,一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is48. in office, in the officein office在职的,in the office在办公室里 He is in office, not out of office.49. in bed, on the bedin

16、bed卧在床上,on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.50. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of管理,负责照料, in the charge of由照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.51. in class, in the classin class在课上,in the class在班级里 He is the best student in the class.52. o

17、n fire, on the fireon fire着火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question毫无疑问的,out of the question不可能的 54. a second, the seconda second又一,再一,the second第 He won the second prize.55. by day, by the dayby day白天,by the day按天计算 The

18、workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people指人,a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit同一物体,one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.58. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的,this导出下文所要说的 I was ill. Thats why59. none, nothing, no onenone强调有多少,nothing, no one强调有没有,noth

19、ing指物,no one指人- How many/How much - None.60. anyone, any oneanyone指人,不能接of,any one指人物均可,可接of any one of you61. who, whatwho指姓名或关系,what指职业或地位 What is your dad He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的,which在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples 63. other, anotherother后接名词复数,another后接名词

20、单数 other students, another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little非常,not a bit一点也不 Im not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。65. many, much, a lot ofmany和可数名词连用,much和不可数名词连用,a lot of可数,不可数均可,但不用于否定句 I havent many books.66. much morethan, many morethanmuch morethan后接形容词或不可数名词,many morethan后接可数名词 many more p

21、eople, much more water, much more beautiful67. no, notno=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water68. no more than, not more thanno more than相当于only,仅仅,只有,not more than 至多,不超过69. majority, mostmajority只能修饰可数名词,most可数不可数均可 the majority of people70. by oneself, for oneself, to onesel

22、f, of oneselfby oneself单独的,独自的,for oneself为自己,to oneself供自己用的,of oneself 自行的,自动的 The door opened of itself.71. at all, after allat all根本,全然, after all到底,毕竟 After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall常指人或动物,high常指物体 He is tall.73. fast, quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast, answe

23、r the question quickly74. high, highlyhigh具体的高,highly抽象的高,高度的 think highly of75. healthy, healthfulhealthy健康的,健壮的,healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise76. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡觉,asleep睡着,熟睡,只能做表语,sleepy困的,有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. Im sleepy.77. gold, goldengold指真金制品,golden指

24、金色的,但金鱼用gold fish a gold ring78. most, mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中,相当于very,当大部分,大多数解时是形容词或名词,mostly大部分,是副词 most people, the people are mostly79. just, veryjust表强调时是副词,作状语,very表强调时是形容词,用作定语 the very man, just the man80. wide, broadwide侧重于一边到另一边的距离,broad侧重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders81. real, truereal真的,真实的,指的是事实上存

25、在而不是想象的,true真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符合 real gold, a true story82. respectful, respectablerespectful尊敬,有礼貌,respectable可敬的,值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged 83. outwards, outward二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面,outward还可用作形容词 an outward voyage84. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定语,pleased, pleasing常用作表语,pleased主语常为人,pl

26、easing主语常为物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.85. understanding, understandableunderstanding明白事理的,能体谅的,understandable 可理解的,能够懂的 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake86. close, closelyclose接近,靠近,closely紧紧地,紧密地 closely connected, stand close87. ill, sickill做表语,sick定,表均可 a sick boy88. goo

27、d, wellgood形容词,well副词,但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again.89. quiet, silent, stillquiet安静的,可以发出小的声音,silent不发出声音,但可以动,still完全不动,完全无声响 He stand there still. 他站在那儿,一动不动,也不说话。90. hard, hardlyhard努力,hardly几乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it.91. able, capable able与不定式to do连用,capable与of连用 He is capable of doing9

28、2. almost, nearly二者均为几乎,差不多 和否定词连用用almost almost nobody 93. late, latelylate迟,晚,lately最近,近来 I havent seen him lately.94. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live均为活着的,living定表均可,alive定表均可,定语后置,live只能做定语,lively意为活波的 all the living people=all the people alive95. excited, excitingexcited使人兴奋的,exc

29、iting令人兴奋的 Im excited. The news is exciting.96. deep, deeplydeep具体的深,deeply抽象的深,深深地 deeply moved, dig deep97. aloud, loudaloud出声地,loud大声地 read aloud(出声地读)98. worth, worthy二者均为值得,worth后接doing,worthy后接to be done, of being done It is worth visiting. = Its worthy to be visited. = Its worthy of being vis

30、ited.99. bad, badlybad形容词,badly副词,不好,但与need, want, require连用为很,非常 go bad I need the book badly. 100. before long, long beforebefore long不久以后,long before很久以前 not long before = before long常考词汇辨析be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 abroad一般用法:表示到(在)国外,是一个副词,前面不加介词。注意:可以说from abroad表示从国外回来。from home and abroa

31、d 来自国内外 at home 在国内 在家里agree 一般用法:与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。注意:agree on表示达成一致;agree to表示批准;agree with表示同意某人说的话。alive一般用法: 表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。 注意: 可以作状语使用,表示活活地,如:bury alive. allow 一般用法: allow doing; allow sb. to do 注意: 可以表示允许进入,如:Please allow me in. among 一般用法:用在三者或三者以上的群体中。注意:还可以表示其中之一,如:He is amo

32、ng the best. and 一般用法:用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。 注意:与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如:Work hard, youll succeed sooner or later. another一般用法:表示又一个,泛指,相当于one more的含义。注意:不能直接加复数名词,需要与一个数词搭配,如:another 2 weeks. answer 一般用法:及物动词,但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。注意:可以表示接电话、应门等。如:answer the phone /door. anxious 一般用法: be anxious for /about /to do

33、注意: be anxious about表示担心;be anxious for表示盼望得到。appear 一般用法: 不及物动词,没有宾语,没有被动语态。注意: 还可以作为系动词,与seem同义,表示看起来。 disappear 消失,不见,突然离开arrive 一般用法: arrive at表示到一个小地方;arrive in表示到一个大地方。注意:引申含义表示得出,如:arrive at a decision /conclusionask 一般用法: ask to do; ask sb. to do; ask for注意:后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即:ask that sb. (shou

34、ld) do的形式。asleep 一般用法:表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。注意: 通常与动词be及fall搭配;sound asleep表示熟睡。(其反义词 awake 醒来的)attend一般用法:表示参加,后面经常加上meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral等词。注意: attend to可以表示处理、照料等。 attention 一般用法:pay attention to; draw/catch sbs attention 注意:写通知时的常用语:May I have your attenti

35、on, please beat 一般用法:表示打败某人,或连续不断地击打某物。注意: heartbeat表示心跳。because 一般用法:后面接原因状语从句,because of后面接名词。注意: because表示直接原因,因此只有用它才可以回答why的特殊疑问句及用在强调句中。become 一般用法:系动词,表示变得。可以由好变坏或由坏变好。注意: become of sb. 表示某人发生了什么事情。begin 一般用法: begin to do; begin doing注意:当begin本身是进行时的时候,只能用begin to do的形式。如:It was beginning to

36、rain.believe 一般用法: believe sb. 表示相信某人说的话; believe in sb. 表示信任。注意:回答问句时通常用I believe so/not的形式。besides 一般用法:表示除之外还有,包含在一个整体之中。注意:还可以用作副词,表示此外,要用逗号隔开。beyond一般用法: 表示越过、在另一边,如:beyond the wood/bridge.注意:可以用于引申含义,表示超出,如:beyond control /power /descriptionbit 一般用法:与a little一样可以修饰不可数名词,形容词或副词。特殊注意:修饰名词时要用a bi

37、t of;not a bit表示一点也不。blame 一般用法: take/bear the blame; blame sth. on. sb. 注意:表示应受到责怪时不用被动语态,如:He is to blame.blow 一般用法:blow down /away注意:表示风刮得很大时要用blow hard.borrow 一般用法:borrow表示借入:lend表示借出。注意:点动词,不能表示借的时间长短。boil 一般用法:boiling表示沸腾的;boiled表示煮过的。特殊注意:boiling point可以表示沸点。breath 一般用法:hold ones breath; out

38、of breath; save ones breath注意: take a breath表示深吸一口气;take breath表示喘口气。burn 一般用法: burn down /up /ones hand注意:burning表示点着的;burnt表示烧坏的。business 一般用法: on business表示出差;in /out of business表示开/关张。注意: 表示商业时不可数,表示具体的行业时可数。busy 一般用法:be busy with /doing.注意:不能说My work is busy. 应说I am busy with my work.buy 一般用法:

39、buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb. 注意: 点动词,不能表示买的时间长短。 care 一般用法: take care of; with care; care for/about 注意: care about表示在乎,常用于否定句;care for表示关心,喜爱,常用于肯定句。 carry 一般用法: carry表示搬运;carry on表示坚持;carry out表示执行。 注意: carry没有方向性,可以表示随身携带。 case 一般用法: in case; in case of; in any case; in this/that case

40、注意: in case后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气,即in case sb. should do的形式。 catch 一般用法: catch the thief; catch fire; catch a cold; catch up with 注意: be caught表示陷入困境,如:He was caught in the rain. cattle 一般用法: 集合名词,动词要用复数形式。如:Cattle are raised here. 注意: 一头牛可以用a head of cattle. chance 一般用法: by chance; take a chance; there is

41、a chance that 注意: 在chance后面可以用动词不定式或者of的结构作定语。 change 一般用法: change for表示把换成;change into表示把变成。 注意: 表示变化时是可数名词,表示零钱时不可数。 class 一般用法: 集合名词,谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。 注意: in class表示在上课,in the class表示在班上。 close 一般用法: 动词表示关闭;形容词表示亲密的;副词表示靠近。 注意: close作副词时表示距离上的靠近,而另一个副词形式closely表示密切地。 clothes 一般用法: 复数名词,谓语动词用复数,不能

42、加不定冠词。 注意: 要用few或many来修饰。 collect 一般用法: collect stamps; collect ones child from school 注意: a collect phone表示对方付费的电话。 come 一般用法: 表示到说话者所处的地方来。常见短语有:come to, come about, come across, come out等。 注意: 可用作系动词,表示变成,如:His dreams came true. common 一般用法: 表示普遍性,如:Smith is a common name. 注意: common sense表示常识;in

43、 common表示共同点。 compare 一般用法: compare with表示把与作比较;compare to表示把比作。 注意: 用作状语时,二者都可以表示比较,如:Compared with/to other women, she was very lucky. condition 一般用法: 表示生活、工作等的条件或状况。 注意: on condition that表示只要,条件状语从句。 content 一般用法: be content with/to do 注意: 表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。 cost 一般用法: sth. cost sb. some mone

44、y 注意: 修饰cost要用副词high或low. cover 一般用法: be covered with表示状态;be covered by表示动作。 注意: 反义词uncover表示揭开盖子;discover表示发现。 crowd 一般用法: be crowded with 注意: 集合名词,谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。 cut 一般用法: cut down/up/off 注意: 作名词时a short cut表示捷径。 damage 一般用法: do damage to 注意: 表示损害的时候不可数,复数形式可以表示赔偿费。 danger 一般用法: in danger表示处于危险

45、的境地。 注意: 表示一般概念时不可数,表示具体危险时可数。 dark 一般用法: before/after dark; in the dark 注意: 可以表示深色的,如:dark blue. deal 一般用法: a great/good deal of修饰不可数名词。 注意: 作动词时构成短语deal with, 常与副词how搭配。 demand 一般用法: demand to do; demand that 注意: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即:demand that sb. (should) do的形式。 desert 一般用法: 名词表示沙漠;动词表示抛弃。 注意: 可以用过去

46、分词作表语或定语,表示废弃的,如:a deserted house. determine 一般用法: determine to do; determine sb. to do 注意: 过去分词表示有决心的,可以说be determined to do. devote 一般用法: devote oneself to; be devoted to 注意: 与devote搭配的to是介词,后面接名词或动名词。如:His whole life was devoted to teaching. die 一般用法: die of/from/for/out 注意: 点动词,不与for引起的时间状语连用。 difficulty 一般用法: have difficulty with; have difficulty in doing 注意: 表示一般概念时不可数,表示具体困难时可数。 disagree 一般用法: disagree with sb. 注意: disagree虽然在形式上有否定前缀,但并不是个否定词。注意它的反义问句形式:He disagreed with you,

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