高考常见词汇辨析(一)(共10页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高考常见词汇辨析(一)l allow;let 二者均可作“允许”解,但各有侧重: allow重在“允许”或“容许”,也可表示客气的请求。例如: He allowed me to take his dictionary他允许我拿走他的词典。 Will you allow me to use your bike? 我可以用你的自行车吗? let作“允许”或“让”解,主要用于口语,一般可与allow互换。作“允许”解时,常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意;作“让”解时,常含“祈使”或“建议”之意。注意:let之后作宾补的不定式不带to,且不可用于被动语态,而allow则相反。例如

2、: Please let me walk with you(Please allow me to walk with you)我(请允许我)跟你一起走。注:allow常用于allow sbto do sth或allow doing sth结构中。 l amongbetween 这两个介词都有“在之间”的意思。between常用于两者之间;among一般指三者或三者以上之间。若指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时,仍然要用between。 例如:The girl walked between her father and mother这个女孩走在她父亲和母亲之间。 She is the talles

3、t among her classmates她在她同学之间是最高的。 Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。 l argue debate dispute 都含“辩论”的意思。 argue 着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”, 如:I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason. 我和她辩论了好久, 但她还是不听。 debate 着重“双方各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思, 如:We

4、have been debating about the issue.我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论。 dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意,如:Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed.他是否当选为主席, 仍然有争论。l argue;quarrel;discuss 这三个动词均有“争”的意思,但“争”法不同。 argue着重就自己的看法或观点,提出论证,同他人“争论”或“辩论”。例如: We heard them arguing in the other room我们听见他们在另一个房间里争

5、论。 另外,argue同with搭配,其后接人;与about连用,其后接事物。例如: We argued with them about this problem for a long time这个问题我们同他们辩论了很长时间。 quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配,其后接某人;和about连用,其后接某事。例如: He often quarrels about their housework with his wife他常为家务事同妻子争吵。 discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。例如: Well discuss the use

6、of the articles tomorrow明天我们将讨论冠词的用法。 l as (so) far as; as (so) long as as(so)far as的意思是“就而言(所知)”,as (so) far as sthis concerned是其中一种具体用法,意为“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。如:As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs 就我所知,一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。There is nothi

7、ng that we cant do so as long as we keep on trying to do it 只要我们不断地努力去做,就没有什么事干不成。As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多。l asleepsleeping 二者都是形容词。asleep仅用作表语,不能作定语,表示“睡着,熟睡”的意思;而sleeping一般只能用作定语,放在名词前,表示“睡眠中的,休止的”意思。 如:我们不能说:an asleep baby,但可以说:a sl

8、eeping baby(一个熟睡的婴儿)。 再如:He was asleep with his head on his arms他头枕着手臂在熟睡。 asleeping dog正在熟睡的狗 sleeping car卧车 sleeping bag睡袋 l assert,affirm,maintain assert宣称、断言,常指某人主观自信,坚持己见,有时不顾客观事实而断言下结论。 affirm指以事实为依据,深信不疑地肯定某种观点或看法。 maintain指在相反的证据或论点面前,重申原来的某种观点、立场。 ADespite all the policemans questions the s

9、uspect that he had been at home all evening BIt is nonsense to that smoking does not damage peoples health CThroughout his prison sentence Dunn has always his innocence Answers:A.affirmed B.assert C.maintained l as though;even though;though as though(as if),意为“好像;似乎”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如: He spoke as tho

10、ugh(as if)he had been here before他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。 It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain看起来好像要下雨。 even though(even if),意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”;even though有退一步设想的意味,与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实,even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如: He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows

11、 it即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来。 He will not tell the secret though he knows it他虽然知道这个秘密,但他不会说出来。 l at the beginning;in the beginning at the beginning 在初;在开始的时候。常与of连用。例如: Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term 学生们在开学初制定学习计划。 in the beginning 相当于at first,表示“起初、开始”时,含“起初是这种情况,而后来却不是这种情况”之意,

12、不与of连用。例如: In the beginning,some of us took no interest in physics 起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣。 l attack assail assault charge beset 都含有攻击的意思。 attack 是常用词, 指攻击敌人或用言论攻击他人, 如:Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。 assail 指猛烈连续地攻击, 如:The enemy plane assailed our defence position.敌机不断猛烈地攻击我

13、们的阵地。 assault 语气比 assail强, 指突然猛烈地进攻, 暗示武力的直接接触 (如肉搏等), 也有暴力的意思, 如:The enemy assaulted us at dawn.敌人在黎明时向我进攻。 charge 指冲击或骑兵的突然攻击, 如:The cavalry charged to the front.骑兵猛烈向前线冲击。 beset 指围攻, 即从各个方向攻击, 如:In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes.在沼泽地里, 我们受到蚊子的围攻。l at the age ofby the age of at the age of表示

14、“在岁时”,后面接基数词,强调某一时刻的情况或动作,用于一般过去时,作时间状语。例如: At the age of six,he began to learn English他六岁的时候开始学英语。 She learned to play the piano at the age often她十岁的时候学弹钢琴。 by the age of表示“到岁的时候”、“在岁以前”,后面接基数词,强调到某一时刻为止的结果,用于过去完成时或将来完成时,作时间状语。例如: By the age of sixteen,he had learned to drive a car到十六岁的时候,他已经学会了开小汽

15、车。 You will have learned more than 2000 English words by the age of fourteen 到你十四岁的时候,你将学会2000多个英语单词。 l at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time at the time通常用于过去时句子中,指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”。例如: Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time 当时,许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情的发生。 有时,at the time的后面可接“of”短语。这

16、时,它表示“在(某事态)发生的时候”或“在的时代”。例如: Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989 1989年旧金山发生地震时,你在那里吗? It happened at the time of King Alfred 事情发生在阿尔弗雷德国王时期。 at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带“of”短语。例如: In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and SichuanAt that time(At

17、the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded at one timeduring a period of time in the past意为“过去有一段时期”,“曾经”。例如: They used to be good friends at one time 他们曾经是好朋友。 at a time则意为“一次”,表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用,表示频率。例如: Dont speak all at onceOne at a time, please 不要同时一起说。一次

18、只一个人说。 Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time这些药每天服三次,每次服三粒。 l at speed with speed at the speed of或者at speed,意为“以的速度”。而当speed被all, lightning, great等修饰时,介词应用with。我们可用一句口诀来帮助记忆:都(all)以闪电般(lightning)大(great)的速度行驶。如:Our car was running with all speed on the expressway 我们的车在高速公路上全

19、速行驶。The Long March No2 Rocket sent up the satellite into space at the speed of 112 kilometers per second 长征二号火箭以每秒钟112公里的速度将卫星发射到太空。Bl becausesinceasfor 这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词,但是as,because,since是从属连词,引导原因状语从句,for是并列连词,所引导的不是原因状语从句,而是表示理由的对等句子,是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为becausesinceasfor。because引导的从句多置于句末,表

20、示直接的原因或理由,表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系,在回答why的提问时,必须用because作答。 如:We stayed at home because it rained因为下雨我们呆在家里。 as与since引导的从句多置于句首,不过as表示十分明显的原因,只说明一般的因果关系,可译为“因为、由于”;而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因,一般可译为“既然”。如: As he was not feeling well,I decided to go there alone由于他身体欠佳,我决定独自去那里。 Since everyone is here,lets start既然大家

21、都到了,咱们就开始吧。 for引导的从句一般放在句末,其前用逗号,它所叙述的理由是间接的,即推测性理由,或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。如: There must be nobody in the classroom,for the light is off教室里一定没有人,因为灯灭了。(推测性理由) l believe;believe in believe作及物动词时,其后可跟名词,表示“相信”;后接从句或复合宾语时,表示“认为;料想;相信”等。如: I believe what he says我相信他的话。 I believe that he will succeed我相信他会成功的

22、。 believe in 是一个动介型短语动词,表示“信奉;信仰”(指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心)和“信任(have trust in)”。如: They believe in God他们信仰上帝。 I believe in having plenty of exercise我相信多锻炼有好处。 believe和believe in后均可接表示人的名词或代词,但含义不同。试比较: I believe in him(I think he is a frustworthy man)我信任他。 I believe him(I believe what he says)我相信他的话。 l b

23、elief faith trust confidence 都含有“相信”的意思。 belief 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据”, 如:belief in ghosts.相信有鬼。 faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”, 如:I have faith in his ability to succeed.我相信他有成功的能力。 trust 指“信赖”、“信任”, 含有“坚定的信念”的意思, 如:enjoy the trust of the people 得到人民的信任。 confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如:She has

24、 great confidence in her success.她对自己的成功充满信心。l besides;except;but 三者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时,exceptbut意为“除外(不再有)”;besides意为“除外(还有)”。请比较: All of them have seen the film exceptbut Wu Dong 除了吴东外,他们都看过了那部影片。 All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong 除了吴东看过那部影片外,他们也都看过了。 except后接名词、代词、ing或不定式时,可以与but互换;excep

25、t后接副词、介词短语时,一般不能为but所替换。如:Ill do everything exceptbut cook 除了做饭,我什么事情都干。 This window is never opened except in summer 除了在夏天,这个窗子从不打开。 用在否定句中,三者可以互换。如: There arent any other people to do the work exceptbutbesides you 除了你,没人能做这工作。 l be anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about ;be anxious that be a

26、nxious to表示“急于”、“渴望”,其中to是不定式符号,后面接动词原形; be anxious for表示“渴望”,后面接名词或代词时,强调渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事;后面接sbto do sth时,表示“渴望某人能做某事”,其中for sbto do sth是不定式复合结构。 be anxious about 表示“对感到不安”、“为担心”、“为忧虑”; be anxious that表示“渴望”,后面接从句,that从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气;EXERCISESI the result of the examination We know the result of the exa

27、mination We Mr Liu to help us with our English Mr Li a new car They arrive home before dark(Key: am anxious aboutfor are anxious to are anxious foris anxious for are anxious to)1) The girl a new dictionary 2) All the students their results of this examination 3) Everyone know their results of the co

28、mpetition 4) We Mr Zhao to return 5) We she should do her best Key: 1) wasis anxious for 2) are anxious about 3) is anxious to 4)are anxious for 5) are anxious thatl be known as; be known for; be known to; be known in be known as 意为“作为而著名”,其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。如: Liu Huan is known as a singer刘欢作为一个歌手而出

29、名。 Were sure youll be well-known as an artist我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。 be known for 意为“因而著名”,其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。如: Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。 Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day 盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。 be known to “为所了解知道”,

30、其后接表示人的词语。“(人们都)知道”,其后接动词原形。如: He is known to all in our village村子里的人都了解他。 He was known to have invented many thingsIt was known that he had invented many things人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。 be known in 意为“在某地很著名”。如: He is well-known in the town where he was born 他在自己出生的那个镇子上很出名。 l be made ofbe made inbe made fr

31、ombe made bybe made up of be made of表示“由制成”,指从原料到制成品,只发生了形状变化,没有发生本质变化(属物理变化)。 be made in当后面接时间的数词或名词时,表示“某物何时制造的或何时产的”。当后面接指地点的名词时,表示“某地产某物”。 be made from表示“由制成”,指从原料到制成品,发生了质的变化,已无法复原(属化学变化)。 be made by表示“由制做”,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调动作的执行者。 be made up of表示“由构成(组成)”,强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。 【练习】用be made in,be

32、 made of,be made from,be made by或be made up of填空。 This bike Tianjin This table wood The car 1999 Paper wood The kite my mother The team ten members 【Keys】was made in; is made of ;was made in ;is made from;was made by;is made up ofl be used forbe used asbe used by be used for表示“被用作”或“被用来作”,后面接名词或ving

33、,其中for表示目的。 be used as表示“作为而用”或“用作”,后面接名词或动词不定式,强调使用的工具及手段。 be used by表示“由使用”,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调使用者。 【练习】用be used for,be used as或be used by填空。 A telephone better communication(交流) The motorbike Liu Ming A ruler often a knife by him to cut a piece of paper open 【Keys】is used for;is used by;is,used as l b

34、e pleased with; be pleased at(或about);be pleased to 1) The manager you before 2) My boss must see you again in HongKong 3) I seeing so many students present 4) I hear Mr Zhao your article析: was pleased with。表示“对满意;喜欢”后面通常接指人的名词或代词。 be pleased to。表示“很高兴或很乐意做某事”,其中to是不定式符号,后面接动词原形。 am pleased at(或abou

35、t)。be pleased at(或about)表示“对(看到或听到的)事感到高兴,”后面接指事的名词或ving。 is pleased at(或about)。解析同。 l be to do sth;be about to do sth;be going to do sth be to do sth表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,后可跟时间状语。如: Youre to hand in your papers by 10 oclock十点钟以前你得交上试卷。 be about to do sth表示打算或安排即将发生的动作,它通常不与时间状语连用。如: I was about to go out

36、 when someone knocked at the door我正要出去,这时有人敲门。 be going to do sth有三层含义: 表示打算、计划或决定要做某事。如: Were going to spend our holidays in Wales this year 今年我们打算到威尔士度假。 用以表示某事物即将发生或很可能发生。如: Im going to be twenty next month 下个月我就二十岁了。 有迹象表明即将发生的动作或状态。如: Look at those black clouds, there is going to be a storm 瞧那些

37、乌云,暴风雨就要来了。 l beat; strike; hit strike通常表示“打一下、打若干下”,不一定都是有意的;还有“打动、使着迷、某种想法突然闪现在脑海里”的含义;也可指“打、擦出(火),(蛇、兽)抓,咬,或(钟)敲响”。 hit指“打中”或“对准来打”,“敲打或打击对方的某一点”。 beat着重“连续地打击”。如:殴打或体罚;也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方;也指“心跳”。l blame; scold blame“责备;责怪”,指某人应对自己不好的行为负责(常与for连用),或将某件不好的事情归咎于他人(常与on或upon连用),往往含有把自己当作评判人来评判某事,没有用言语来

38、进行责骂的意思。例如: He blamed Tom for the failure他责怪汤姆造成了失败。 Dont blame it on him, but on me别怪他,该怪我。 scold“责骂”,指唠唠叨叨地数说某人,多用于上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的“责骂”。例如: Dont scold the childIts not his fault 不要责骂那孩子,这不是他的过失。 I hate to scold, son, but you mustnt stay out so late at night 我不喜欢斥责,孩子,可你不该呆在外面那么晚不回家。 l blow down; blow

39、in; blow off; blow over blow down表示“吹倒”、“刮倒”;blow in表示“吹进”、“吹入”;blow off表示“吹掉”、“炸掉”、“发泄”;blow over表示“暴风雨吹散”、“过去”、“结束”。 EXERCISES 1) The high winds yesterday thousands of trees 2) We sometimes had quarrels, but they soon 3) I had my hat by the wind 4) A lot of dust You must clear it away Key: 1) blew

40、 down 2) blew over 3) blown off 4) has blown in l break up; break down; break out; break into; break in; break away; break through break up表示“打碎”、“变坏”、“分解”、“终止”、“破裂”。 break down表示“瓦解”、“分解”、“失败”、“出故障”、“破坏”、“拆毁”。 break out表示“爆发”、“突然发生”。 break into表示“强行进入”、“闯入”、“破门而入”、“打断(谈话、讨论)”、“突然起来”。 break in表示“闯入”

41、、“打断”、“插嘴”,其中in是副词。 break away表示“脱逃”、“脱离”、“突然离开”、“革除”、“戒除”,常与from连用。 break through表示“战胜”、“突围”、“穿过而出现”、“突破”。 练 He said his computer Those old cars will be for scrap(废铁) Last night somebody Mr Browns house and took away many things A fire after we had gone home The boy often while his parents are spea

42、king You must from bad habits After the heavy rain the sun the clouds A thief and stole a lot of things last night Tom the motor bike which he bought five years ago The ice began to on the river (Key:had broken down broken up broke into broke out breaks in break away broke through broke in broke dow

43、n break up) l bring on;bring in;bring out bring on 使发生;引起;端上(饭菜)。如: Tom often brings on meals and his brother,Jim picks up the dishes after meals 汤姆常常端上饭菜,(而)他弟弟吉姆饭后收拾碗碟。 The sudden cold weather brought on his cold again 天气突然变冷,使他再次感冒。 bring in 引来;引进;吸收。如: His new business brings in 1,000 dollars 他的

44、新生意使他赚了一千美元。 We also brought in some words from English 我们也从英语中吸收了一些词汇。 bring out 取出;说出;阐明;出版。如:He brought out his gun and pointed at me他掏出枪来指着我。 Bring out the meaning more clearly请把意思讲清楚些。 They have brought out a set of childrens books他们出版了一套儿童读物。 l bring down; bring back; bring up; bring in bring

45、down表示“使倒下”、“减少”、“降低(价格、温度)”; bring back表示“使回想起”、“归还”、“带回来”; bring up表示“呕吐出”、“养育”; bring in表示“把引进来”、“赚入”、“获利”、“把拿进来”、“吸收”。 EXERCISES 1) Her singing memories of my mother 2) They also some words from their own languages 3) The wind a number of trees 4) He all he had eaten 5) Can you try to get them to the price 6) All

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