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1、Section BReading and Thinking.知识体系图解 重点词汇 1. n.因素;要素 2. vt.以为据点;以为基础n.底部;根据3. n.符号;象征4. n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化5. adj.主要的;重要的;大的n.主修课程;主修学生vi.主修;专门研究6. n.方式;方法;途径7. adj.传统的;最优秀的;典型的n.经典作品;名著factorbasesymbolvarietymajormeansclassic8. n.尊重;关注vt.把视为;看待9. n.文字;符号10. vt. 欣赏;重视;感激;领会vi. 增值11. n.公共事务;事件;关系 12
2、.civilisation n. 13.despite prep. 14.carve vt.&vi. 15.specific adj. regardcharacterappreciateaffair文明;文明世界即使;尽管雕刻特定的;明确的;具体的重点短语1.ups and downs 2.base on 3.date back to 4.regard.as. 5.at the beginning 6.develop into 7.lead to 8.be of great importance 浮沉;兴衰;荣辱以为根据 追溯到 把看作 一开始 发展成导致 非常重要9.be connected
3、 with 10.play a role in 11.in modern times 12.along with 与连接在中起作用在现代和一起重点句式1.That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.2.Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in writing.释义匹配1.civilisationA
4、.one of several things that influence or cause a situation2.factor B.a sign,shape or object which is used to represent something else3.symbol C.relating to one thing and not others;particular4.dialect D.a state of human society that is well organised and developed5.specific E.a form of a language wh
5、ich is spoken only in one area答案:1.D2.A3.B4.E5.C.阅读导学根据P62课文内容,选择正确答案。1.What does the word “this” in the first paragraph most probably mean?A.How the Chinese writing system was created.B.What China has experienced in history.C.Chinese ancient civilisation has gone through into modern times.D.The Chi
6、nese writing system is known all over the world.2.The ancient Chinese recorded what they had done by .A.drawing pictures on wallsB.carving symbols in bones and shellsC.writing their experiences on xuan paperD.writing hanzi on bones and shells答案:B 答案:C 3.Why did many dialects and characters appear in
7、 the Shang Dynasty?A.The Shang Dynasty was too long a time in history.B.People at that time had different opinions on writing.C.The country was divided into several different states.D.People from different states seldom communicated with each other.4.What can we infer from the text?A.Qinshihuang mad
8、e great contributions to the Chinese writing system.B.People in China can understand each other no matter what dialect they speak.C.The Chinese writing system began to develop in several directions in the Qin Dynasty.D.Chinese calligraphy was well known all over the world in ancient times.答案:A 答案:C
9、重点词汇1At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.一开始,书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。【词汇精讲】base vt.以为据点;以为基础n.底部;根据句中的base是及物动词,意为“以为基础”。Please do remember that success is based on hard work.请一定要记住,成功基于艰苦的努力。He used the house as a base for his printing business.他把这座房子用作印刷业务的基地。【词汇拓展】base.on/upon.
10、把建立在基础之上be based on/upon 以为基础;依据basic adj.基本的;基础的basis n.基础You shouldnt have based your report on inaccurate information.你不应该把你的报告基于不准确的信息。The study was based on data from 2,100 college students.这项研究基于从2 100名大学生那里收集来的数据。【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the w
11、ork is based our present mental register.(2020全国卷)(2)Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants (base) on how they typed.(2019全国卷)(3)Stars apparently do not follow this (base) principle of sportsmanship.(2019北京卷)(4)Remember,even world champion athletes practice
12、their skills on a consistent (base).(2020新高考全国卷)on/upon basedbasicbasis2It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu.它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期【词汇精讲】句中的date back to相当于date from,意为“追溯到;始于”,一般无进行时态和被动语态。The old town dates back to the late seventeenth century.这个古老的城镇始于十七世纪末。My interest in stamp col
13、lecting dates from/back to my school days.我从学生时代就开始爱好集邮。date back to/date from作后置定语时,用动词-ing形式。There is a wooden tower dating back to the Qing Dynasty in the village.村子里有一座清朝的木塔。The South Lake Park in Changchun,dating back to 1933,is located in the southwestern part of the city.长春南湖公园始于1933年,位于城市的西南
14、部。【词汇拓展】out of date 过时的up to date (with.) 赶上(的)潮流;与保持同步;最新的They are largely out of date.它们大部分已过时了。【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1)Written records show that acupuncture(针灸疗法) (date) back to the Song Dynasty.(2)This proverb is based on an old English law (date) back to the 17th century.(3)The news you told me was out
15、date but you thought it was up to date.dates datingof3.it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.这是一个人们在地理上被划分的时代,导致了方言和文字的多样性。【词汇精讲】在本句中variety是名词,意为“多样性”。variety作名词时,还有“变化;种类”之意。The old man is said to have gone through varieties of s
16、ufferings during the war.据说这位老人在战争期间经历了各种痛苦。One of the advantages is that we can find a variety of topics,such as science,culture and history.其中优势之一是我们能够找到各种主题,如:科学、文化、历史。【词汇拓展】varieties of=a variety of 种类繁多的vary vt.& vi.改变;变化vary from.to.从到不等;在到之间变动vary in sth(大小、形状等)不同,有别vary with.随变化/改变vary betwe
17、en.and.从到转变various adj.各种各样的;多姿多彩的Some guests arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons.因为各种理由,有些客人聚会迟到了。He tried various jobs and in the end became an accountant.他尝试过各种各样的工作,最后成为一名会计。However,views on this issue vary from person to person.然而,不同的人对这个问题持不同的观点。【迁移应用】完成句子(1)人们写诗有各种各样的原因。There a
18、re why people write poetry.(2)海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等,这取决于浮游植物的种类和浓度。Ocean colour green blue,depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.(2019北京卷)(3)每年都有学生在全省公共服务部门的各种暑期职位上受聘。Students are hired each year in summer positions across the Provincial Public Service.(2019全国卷)(4)事实上,我们大多数人逐渐缩小了生活的多样性。Mo
19、st of us,in fact,progressively narrow our lives.(2019天津卷)various reasons varies fromtoa variety ofthe variety of4Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.秦始皇将七大国统一为一个统一的国家,中国的书写制度开始朝一个方向发展。【词汇精讲】majo
20、r adj. 主要的;重要的;大的vi. 主修;专门研究n.主修课程;主修学生句中的major是形容词,意为“主要的”,作定语修饰states。There is a major problem with parking in London.在伦敦,停车是一个大问题。I think that is one of the major factors in his success.我认为那是他成功的主要因素之一。My best friend,Tom,is a physics major.我最好的朋友,汤姆,是专攻物理的学生。It is not their interest but the need
21、of the market that affects students choices of college majors.不是他们的兴趣而是市场需求影响着大学生的专业选择。【词汇拓展】major in 主修majority n.多数;大多数in the majority占大多数the majority of的大多数Ive made up my mind to major in English after I finish middle school.我决定中学毕业后主修英语。“the majority of+复数名词”用作主语时,谓语动词常用复数;“the majority of+不可数名词
22、”用作主语时,谓语动词用单数;“a majority of+复数名词”用作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1)These programmes are not only open to students (major) in business but also to many science and art (major).(2)However,the (major) of people are effective speakers because they train to be.(2020新高考全国卷)(3)He had a bitter quarrel with h
23、is parents about what he would major at Stanford University.majoring majorsmajorityin5Written Chinese has also become an important means by which Chinas present is connected with its past.书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。【词汇精讲】means n.方式;方法;途径句中的means意为“方法;途径”,其单复数形式相同。For most people,the car is still their ma
24、in means of transport.对大多数人来说,汽车仍是主要的交通方式。The cell phone is more than a means of communication.手机不仅仅是一种通信工具。【词汇拓展】by this means 用这种方法by all means当然可以;没问题by no means决不;一点也不(放句首时,句子用部分倒装语序)by means of用的方法Students build up their vocabularies by means of reading.学生通过阅读的方法增加词汇量。We can carry out the new p
25、roject by this means.我们可以用这种办法来实施新计划。means是单复数同形的名词,其谓语动词的数要根据means前的修饰语来决定。【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1)By the time these “solutions” become widely available,scanners will have moved onto cleverer (mean).(2019北京卷)(2)Every possible means been used to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.(3)So
26、far, this means,two major earthquakes have been predicted.means hasby6The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy,which has become an important part of Chinese culture.从作为一种艺术形式的汉字(被称为中国书法)发展史中便可看出人们对
27、汉字书写体系的高度重视,而中国书法已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。【词汇精讲】regard n. 尊重;关注vt. 把视为;看待句中的regard是名词,意为“尊重;关注”。My roommate shows little regard for others.我的室友很少关心别人。【词汇拓展】have regard for 尊敬regard sb as 把某人看作pay/show regard尊重;关心with/in regard to关于send ones regards问候We all have high regard for our English teacher.我们都非常尊敬英语老师
28、。Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures in the world.林肯被认为是世界上最鼓舞人心的人物之一。regard表示“关心”“关怀”等,是不可数名词;表示“尊重”“赞赏”,也是不可数名词,但有时可与不定冠词连用。He is a warm-hearted man and always shows regard for the poor.他是个热心人,总是关心穷人。regard表示“问候”,要用复数形式。如:Please give him my (best) regards.请代我向他问好。【迁移应用】单句语法填空(
29、1)Please give my best (regard) to other friends who come to the dinner.(2)With regard my favourite Chinese poet,Id like to introduce Du Fu to you.(3)Mountains are (regard) as spiritual places by many cultures.(2019全国卷)regards toregarded7As China plays a greater role in global affairs,an increasing n
30、umber of international students are beginning to appreciate Chinas culture and history through this amazing language.随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色,越来越多的国际学生开始通过(汉语)这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。【词汇精讲】appreciate vt. 欣赏;重视;感激;领会vi. 增值句中的appreciate是及物动词,意为“欣赏”。You cant appreciate English poetry unless you understand its
31、 rhythm.你若不懂英文诗的韵律,就无法欣赏英文诗。He did not fully appreciate the significance of signing the contract.他没有充分重视签订合同的重要性。Thanks so much for your help;I really appreciate it.非常感谢你的帮助,我真的很感激。It is difficult to appreciate how bad the situation had become.很难理解现在的情况有多糟糕。【词汇拓展】appreciation n.欣赏;感激appreciate表示“感激;
32、赞赏”时,通常为及物动词,其后可接名(代)词、动词-ing形式、名词性从句等作宾语,但不能接不定式。当appreciate后接宾语从句时,一般先加it,再接宾语从句。类似的词还有hate,dislike,love,like,depend/rely on等。I appreciate your giving me so much of your time.真感激你为我花了这么多时间。I would greatly appreciate it if you could give me a hand.如果你能帮我一下,我将非常感激。I like it when my father tells us s
33、tories.我很喜欢爸爸给我们讲故事听。【微写作】 You made me understand that life is all about appreciation and understanding but must be appreciated first before understanding.【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1)Here I sincerely express my (appreciate) for helping me find the lost suitcase.(2)I would really appreciate if you could appreciat
34、e the attractive view with us.(3)I appreciate (give) this opportunity to make a speech here.(4)This is often (appreciate) since at a housewarming there isnt a lot of food served.(2020全国卷)appreciation itbeing givenappreciated重点句式1That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese peop
35、le and culture.这一书写体系在把中国人民和文化统一起来这方面具有重要意义。【句式剖析】这是一个简单的主系表结构的简单句。句中含有“be of+抽象名词”结构,相当于“be+形容词”的用法。【句式拓展】这种结构常用于较正式的场合,在书面语中较为常见。使用时注意下面几点:(1)“be of+抽象名词=形容词” 可用于说明主语的性质。常见的有抽象名词use,value,help,importance,difference等;(2)为了强调某种抽象的含义,在抽象名词前面可用little,some,any,no,great,not much等修饰;(3)有的可用同根形容词代替,如impor
36、tance/important,use/useful,value/valuable等。The contents of this booklet should be of use to all students.这本小册子的内容应该对所有的学生都有用。【迁移应用】完成句子(1)This refrigerator is of (高质量) and is not expensive either.(2)He declared it was of (没用) to work on his farm.high quality no use2Even today,no matter where Chinese
37、 people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。no matter where.or what dialect.引导的是让步状语从句,主句是they can all still.。“no matter+疑问词”结构引导让步状语从句时,可以和“疑问词+ever”互换。No matter where you work,you can always find time to s
38、tudy.不管你在哪里工作,你都能找到时间学习。No matter what happens,Ill always stand by you.不论发生什么事,我都永远支持你.I ensure Ill help you no matter when you have difficulties.=I ensure Ill help you whenever you have difficulties.我保证无论何时只要你有困难,我就帮你。No matter what you do,you must put your heart into it.=Whatever you do,you must p
39、ut your heart into it.无论你做什么,你必须全身心地投入。whatever,whichever,who(m)ever既可以引导让步状语从句,又可以引导名词性从句,no matter what,no matter which,no matter who(m)只引导让步状语从句。Please give the flowers to whoever gets to the finish line first.请把花给第一个到达终点的人。【迁移应用】完成句子(1)不管他什么时候到达,我们都会等他。,we will wait for him.(2)对你生活中的问题有一个有趣的观察可能
40、是有趣的,但是五个只能是抱怨,不管你认为自己有多聪明。One funny observation about a problem in your life can be funny,but five is just complaining,smart you think you are.(2020江苏卷)(3)不管你去哪里,我都和你在一起。,Ill be with you.(4)无论你喜欢做什么,在地球日都有一种参与各种活动的方式。you like to do,there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.(
41、2019北京卷)No matter when he arrives no matter howNo matter where you goNo matter what.用适当的介副词填空1.People may change their mind for a variety reasons.答案:of2.This course is an elective course for undergraduates who major Chinese.答案:in3.It is no means cheap.答案:by4.These sculptures must date the middle of
42、the 7th century.答案:from5.This novel is based historical facts.答案:on/upon6.I have no complaints regard to his work.答案:with/in.概要写作根据教材P62的语篇内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。参考范文The Chinese writing system plays an important role in the ancient civilisation.(要点1) At first,people carved symbols on bones and shells which developed into different forms.(要点2) It was Emperor Qinshihuang that enabled the writing system to develop in one direction.(要点3) Written Chinese serves as a bridge for modern people to know about the past and the Chinese writing system is appreciated by people all over the world.(要点4)